The document discusses internet access and data centers in India. It provides an overview of India's poor internet penetration rankings globally and average slow connection speeds. Despite major submarine cable connections, routing latency within India and to international destinations remains high. The document also cites reasons for poor penetration such as lack of IPv6 adoption and lists potential remedies including improved peering through exchanges. It notes that while data centers have matured, most remain clustered in major cities and face power challenges. The growth potential of data centers to support cloud computing is also discussed.

1. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India Internet Access in India — Technology/Policy
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
Perspectives
IPv6, Peering
Data Centres in
India
Some Reasons
Sachin Garg Kshma Garg
for Poor
Penetration
and Access Navankur
Possible
Remedies
19th November, 2009

2. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Outline
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
1 Internet Access in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Access in India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Internet Routing
Data Centres in IPv6, Peering
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration 2 Data Centres in India
and Access
Possible
Remedies
3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access
4 Possible Remedies

3. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Outline
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
1 Internet Access in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Access in India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Internet Routing
Data Centres in IPv6, Peering
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration 2 Data Centres in India
and Access
Possible
Remedies
3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access
4 Possible Remedies

4. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Outline
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
1 Internet Access in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Access in India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Internet Routing
Data Centres in IPv6, Peering
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration 2 Data Centres in India
and Access
Possible
Remedies
3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access
4 Possible Remedies

5. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Outline
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
1 Internet Access in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Access in India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Internet Routing
Data Centres in IPv6, Peering
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration 2 Data Centres in India
and Access
Possible
Remedies
3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access
4 Possible Remedies

6. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Data Centres in
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration
and Access
Possible
Remedies

7. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy
Perspectives
Outline
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
India
1 Internet Access in India
Internet Routing
Internet Access in India
IPv6, Peering
Data Centres in
Internet Routing
India
IPv6, Peering
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration
and Access 2 Data Centres in India
Possible
Remedies
3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access
4 Possible Remedies

8. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Internet Access in India
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
• 115th among 223 countries in terms of average internet
Internet Access
in India connection speeds
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
• Average internet connection speed of just 772 Kbps
IPv6, Peering
compared with the global average of 1.5 Mbps
Data Centres in
India • 93rd globally for broadband adoption (with 3.74 per cent
Some Reasons connections at speeds over 2 Mbps)
for Poor
Penetration
and Access
• 55th globally for narrowband adoption (with 25.8 per cent
Possible of connections at speeds below 256 Kbps)
Remedies
• Unique IPs from India grew 42.91 per cent YoY, to 2.63
million.
• India had 0.0001 broadband IPs per capita.
http://www.akamai.com/stateoftheinternet/

9. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Despite . . .
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
India Indian Telco’s being part of 3 large submarine cable systems that
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering span the globe:
Data Centres in
India • SEA-ME-WE-3 – Tata Communications (VSNL) involved in
Some Reasons running
for Poor
Penetration • SEA-ME-WE-4 – Tata Communications (VSNL) involved in
and Access
Possible
running
Remedies
• FLAG – Reliance owned

10. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy WAN: SEA-ME-WE-3
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Data Centres in
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration
and Access
Possible
Remedies
Figure: South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe-3 Cable
• 39,000 km
• 2 fibre pairs, each carrying (as of May 2007) 48 wavelengths
of 10 Gbit/s, WDM

11. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy WAN: SEA-ME-WE-4
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Data Centres in
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration
and Access
Possible
Remedies
Figure: South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe-4 Cable
• 18,800 km
• 2 fibre pairs, each carrying 64 wavelengths of 10 Gbit/s,

12. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy WAN: FLAG – Reliance
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Data Centres in
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration
and Access
Possible
Remedies
Figure: Fibre Optic Link Around the Globe
• 28,000 km

13. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Outline
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
1 Internet Access in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Access in India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Internet Routing
Data Centres in IPv6, Peering
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration 2 Data Centres in India
and Access
Possible
Remedies
3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access
4 Possible Remedies

14. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Routing/Latency:
Perspectives
Sachin Garg, www.iisc.ernet.in
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering 3 220.227.121.38 1.241 ms 1.166 ms 1.061 ms Bangalore,
India, IN
Data Centres in
4 220.227.122.14 2.275 ms 2.288 ms 2.232 ms Bangalore,
India
India, IN
Some Reasons 5 220.224.182.86 2.425 ms 2.472 ms 3.023 ms Bombay, India,
for Poor IN
Penetration 6 220.224.182.89 2.299 ms 2.378 ms 2.311 ms Bombay, India,
and Access IN
7 144.16.48.2 * 3.821 ms 3.991 ms Bangalore,
Possible India, IN
Remedies 9 220.227.207.41 3.979 ms 3.850 ms 4.030 ms Bangalore,
India, IN

15. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Routing/Latency:
Perspectives
Sachin Garg, www.yahoo.co.in
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering 3 220.227.121.38 0.831 ms 1.289 ms 1.136 ms Bangalore,
India, IN
Data Centres in
4 220.227.122.14 2.274 ms 1.979 ms 2.515 ms Bangalore,
India
India, IN
Some Reasons 5 124.124.211.177 19.065 ms 19.201 ms 19.151 ms Bombay, India,
for Poor IN
Penetration 6 124.124.211.177 18.715 ms 18.793 ms 20.899 ms Bombay, India,
and Access IN
7 ge-7-46.bas-a2.in2.yahoo 20.635 ms 21.198 ms 21.024 ms Bombay, India,
Possible .com (203.104.21.243) IN
Remedies 8 fp.vip.in2.yahoo .com 21.001 ms 20.904 ms 20.880 ms Bombay, India,
(202.86.7.62) IN

16. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Routing/Latency:
Perspectives
Sachin Garg, www.google.com
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India 5 62.216.144.117 19.307 ms 19.220 ms 19.020 ms London, GB
Internet Access in 6 62.216.144.117 19.018 ms 22.891 ms 18.777 ms London, GB
India
7 ge-0-2-0.0.pjr01.mmb004. 98.213 ms 98.536 ms 99.002 ms London, GB
Internet Routing flagtel.com (85.95.25.65)
IPv6, Peering 8 so-1-0-0.0.pjr01.hkg005. 98.401 ms 98.412 ms 98.480 ms London, GB
flagtel.com (85.95.25.237)
Data Centres in
9 so-5-0-0.0.cjr03.hkg003. 98.210 ms 98.415 ms 98.483 ms London, GB
India
flagtel.com (85.95.25.218)
Some Reasons 10 so-4-0-0.0.cjr04.hkg003. 98.027 ms 97.961 ms 97.975 ms London, GB
for Poor flagtel.com
Penetration (62.216.137.26)
and Access 11 74.125.51.205 98.149 ms 98.290 ms 98.319 ms Mountain View, US
12 64.233.175.207 98.640 ms 98.383 ms 98.276 ms Mountain View, US
Possible 13 209.85.241.58 98.202 ms 98.404 ms 98.366 ms Mountain View, US
Remedies 14 209.85.249.236 197.700 ms 197.405 ms 208.382 ms Mountain View, US
15 216.239.43.212 298.541 ms 333.713 ms 298.204 ms Mountain View, US
16 209.85.241.210 331.637 ms 314.359 ms 312.304 ms Mountain View, US
17 209.85.243.116 354.438 ms 263.517 ms 263.997 ms Mountain View, US
18 209.85.241.37 269.886 ms 263.787 ms 263.964 ms Mountain View, US
19 72.14.239.18 265.163 ms 274.897 ms 270.738 ms Mountain View, US
22 iy-in-f104.google.com 268.104 ms 268.263 ms 268.251 ms Mountain View, US
(209.85.225.104)

17. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Outline
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
1 Internet Access in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Access in India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
Internet Routing
Data Centres in IPv6, Peering
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration 2 Data Centres in India
and Access
Possible
Remedies
3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access
4 Possible Remedies

18. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Routing & Peering
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access NIXI — National Internet eXchange of India is a preferred
in India
Internet Access in
India
inter-ISP peering point. Advantages:
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
• Ensures minimal latency for packets — resulting in good
Data Centres in user experience
India
• Reduces unnecessary usage of expensive and limited
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration
international links
and Access
IPv6 — potential to increase Internet penetration. Current IPv4
Possible
Remedies addresses may run out by 2011
• DoT mandating readiness by December 2010
• NIXI running dual stack routers

19. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Data Centres in India
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
• Have matured over a decade
India
Internet Routing • Not yet aligned to specific segments — Co-Location,
IPv6, Peering
Managed, SMB
Data Centres in
India
• Clustered in Tier I cities — Mumbai, Chennai, Banaglore,
Some Reasons
for Poor Hyderabad
Penetration
and Access • Networking not an issue — lots of fibre in and around Tier I
Possible cities
Remedies
• Power is the biggest challenge
Thanks to Mr. Jayabalan, CTO, NetMagic Solutions, Mumbai

20. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Data Center Potential in India
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Data Centers have a huge potential in India and will be led by
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
the emerging “Cloud Computing” paradigm. Gartner in a study
IPv6, Peering
predicts Data Center Space in India to grow at a CAGR of 31%.
Data Centres in
India
IDC predics a 20-22% growth due to Government hosting.
Some Reasons (’000s of 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2012 CAGR
for Poor Square Feet) (2007–
Penetration 2012)
and Access Captive 726 1,209 1,723 2,145 2,391 2,571 29%
Hosted 611 1,090 1,749 2,108 2,371 2,573 33%
Possible
Total Data 1,337 2,299 3,472 4,252 4,762 5,143 31%
Remedies
center space
http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=808212

21. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Some Reasons for Poor
Perspectives
Sachin Garg, Penetration and Access
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in • Poor and Monopolised Last Mile infrastructure
India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering
• Mobile telephony has had phenomenal growth, leading to
Data Centres in decline in Wired and consequently Broadband (DSL) lines
India
• Wireless access is expensive and relegated to a few,
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration • Digital Cable that could be a potential medium for Internet
and Access
access is undeveloped — may die an untimely death at the
Possible
Remedies hands of DTH
• Expensive to access, partly due to a lot of content hosted
overseas, consuming expensive international bandwidth
• Lack of localised and locally hosted content

22. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Why Locally Hosted Content?
Perspectives
Sachin Garg, Network Latency is a serious issue.
Kshma Garg
2
• Speed of light is finite (≈ 3 × 105 km/s in vacuum and 3 of
Internet Access
in India that in optical fibre)
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
• You cannot fight Physics.
IPv6, Peering
Bandwidth problems can be cured with money.
Data Centres in
India Latency problems are harder because the speed of
Some Reasons light is fixed—you can’t bribe God.
for Poor
Penetration
and Access — Prof. David Clark, M.I.T., quoted various places
Possible
Remedies
Need to put the data as close to the consumer as possible using
a “Content Distribution Network” or edge-caches.
• Akamai a major player in this — Uses a world-wide DNS
network (akadns.com) and a set of caching servers
• Expensive. Approximate 2008 prices/Mbps: US: $35,
EMEA: $45, RoW: $75

23. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Possible Remedies - I
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg Some of the Possible Remedies for ensuring better
Internet/Broadband penetration include:
Internet Access
in India • Increased number of Data Centers in smaller towns
Internet Access in
India
• Results in cheaper data centers nearer to the user, which
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering will increase data hosted locally, thereby
Data Centres in • reducing dependence on and usage of international links →
India
reduced access costs
Some Reasons • reduced latency → better user experience → more users
for Poor
Penetration • increased use of new computing models like “Cloud
and Access
Computing”
Possible
• Requires Incentives to Data Centre Industry which could
Remedies
be:
• Tax incentives to Green Data Centers
• Allow users of Green Data Center to possibly trade in
Carbon Credits earned by their use of the Green Data Center
• Land and Connectivity etc. at concessional rates for Data
Centers setup near renewable power sources

24. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Possible Remedies - II
Perspectives
Sachin Garg, • Mandate use of NIXI for all ISPs and increase NIXI PoPs
Kshma Garg
• Results in better and more efficient routing and reduces
Internet Access unecessary international hops
in India
Internet Access in • Unbundle the local loop (Last Mile)
India
Internet Routing
• Results in customers having the choice between Internet
IPv6, Peering
providers and increased broadband penetration
Data Centres in
India • Needs regulatory push as well as development of newer
Some Reasons business models
for Poor
Penetration • Accelerated roll-out of IPv6 to consumers
and Access
• Results in ISPs being able to provide services to larger
Possible
Remedies number of users
• Newer, innovative solutions can come uphaving the choice
between Internet providers and increased broadband
penetration
• Needs regulatory push, development of newer business
models, customer awareness
• Strong Data Protection Laws

25. Internet Access
in India —
Technol-
ogy/Policy Thank You
Perspectives
Sachin Garg,
Kshma Garg
Internet Access
in India
Internet Access in
India
Internet Routing
IPv6, Peering Questions?
Data Centres in
India
Some Reasons
for Poor
Penetration
and Access
Possible
Remedies
ibaintlconf2009@NavankurIT.in