Semantic web xml-rdf-dom parser

Name&Surname : Serdar SÖNMEZ / Chibuikem EUGENE ONUOHA

Project Name : Semantic WEB/XML/DOM

Number : 20110197 / 20101179

What is Semantic?

• Semantic is related to syntax.Syntax is how
you say something

• Semantic is meaning behind what you sad?
Also semantic cares about what you say
actually means?

Semantic WEB
• The idea behind the semantic web is to make
the Web as intelligent as possible.[1]

• Therefore,in addition to storing and managing
data and information.

• Computer understand as human beings do.

Communication of Semantic And Web
• A Web includes any document and collection
of knowledge
• Web allow to people to add what they know
and find answer to their questions.
• We have also search engines about website
that we want but today’s computers blindly
showing same information.It is the big
problem for access to target data.

Semantic Web

• The Web is beneficial for us,but how can we
make it better.The answer is with SEMANTIC.

• The figure 1.1,that shows us diffrent layers of
semantic web.I want to tell about semantic
web layers and how it works step by step;

Layers of Semantic Web

Figure 1.1:Layers of Semantic Web [2]

THE UNICODE

• In first layer Unicode and URI are important
features of WWW(World Wide Web).
• Unicode is a code language it gives up
computer number standart encoding
character sets.
• It allows that all human languages can be used
(written and read) on the web using one
standardized form

URI-Uniform Resource Identifier
• On the other hand Uniform Resource
Identifiers(URI) identifies the name and
location of a file or resource in a format.URI is
dividing into two part.We can see in Figure 1.2

Figure 1.2:Uniform Resource Identifiers[3]

What is URI?
• It includes a string of characters for the file
name and it contains path to the directory of
the file.

• A uniform resource name (URN) functions like
a person's name,other one is uniform
resource locator(URL) like any person's street
address.

How URI Works?
• In other words: the URN defines an item's
identity, while the URL provides a method for
finding it.

• An absolute example from wiki:
http://example.org/absolute/URI/with/absolute
/path/to/resource.txt

Chibuikem

……………Your Starting POINT…………….

………Your First Part……..

XML/DOM
XML stands for:
eXtensible Markup Language.
XML:for storing data.
HTML:for displaying data.

XML became a W3C Recommendation
on February 10, 1998

XML/DOM
Xml is a style of writing that helps us store data
about webpages, although it doesn’t display it
on the webpage. It can also be modified and
designed.

Difference b/w HTML&XML
XML document
<note>
<to>Tove</to> // User defined tags//
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
HTML document
<html>
<body>// HTML defined tags//
<h1>Tove</h1>
<p>Don't forget me</p>
</body>
</html>

Properties of XML
• XML Separates Data from HTML
• XML Simplifies Data Sharing
• XML Simplifies Data Transport
• XML Simplifies Platform Changes
• XML Makes Your Data More Available
In xml all elements must have a closing tag.

Properties of XML
• All xml documents must contain a root
body, and that root body will contain sub
elements. Eg;
• <root>
• <subelement>
• <sub, subelement>.....</sub, subelement>
• </ subelement>
• </root>

Ways to display an XML file
Because tags are user defined browsers display
XML files as they are. There are two ways to
correct this;
CSS.
XSLT.

• ----------YOUR FIRST PART İS FINISH--------------

Beginning of Resource Description
Framework(RDF)

• Using XML,the Semantic Web will use which
are triplets that connect diffrent objects
together

• RDF is a framework for representing
information about resources in a graph form.

What is RDF?
• It has used for only representing
METADATA(data about data[4]) about WWW
resources, such as the title, author, and
modification date of a Web page but later on
it used for store any other data.
• It is based on triples subject-predicate-
object that form graph of data.
• All data in the semantic web use RDF as the
primary representation language

Basicly Triplet Code
A Sentence

Subject:JANE VerbPredicate:sells Object:Books
Figure 1.4:An example about Triplets

-So we have the three things how we can teach to
computer to remember this thing relationship each other.

Using RDF

• Using RDF triplet connect the Jane and books
together in a spesific relationship.

• The computer can remember work data with
using XML language.

RDF-Resource
• Resource is anything that has identity,it is Jane
and Book.
• How does something get identity.
• Be identified by URI
• Not all resources are retrievable across
network
• For example agency,a human,an abstract
concept(such as love,marriage)

RDF-Description
• Description is really just a container holding everything
all together,several statements describing the source.
• A friend (or computer) to describe Jane
• One statement might be:Jane sells books(If you ask a
question to computer they will probably say Oh Jane
she sells books,Specifically if she knows which Jane you
are talkıng about which is the URI concept from the
computer so you use RDF triplet you could ask some
question and computer tell you Jane sells books based
on triplet stored instead of base or memory or another
network )

RDF-Framework

• The last part of RDF is framework that the
computer make decision and determine that
when we ask about Jane who sells books.

• Framework is needed to enable humans add
machines to make and understand statements

RDF Triplets
[Jane] [books] -Here is RDF pictorial form
-Trusted Info:Jane sells books
[statement] -Untrusted Info:Jane sells
(Built From Triplet) books.
Figure 1.5:A RDF Triplet

You can see the resources Jane and books,that make
group of statement.It is main point of in here is trust
factory.

Trust Factory with RDF

• Computer eliminate the untrusted information
with trust factory.

• We have to find this way in order to computer
know how can trust the sources.

Ontology

• After RDF we built on Ontology vocabulary with
basic rules.
• Ontology connect this related items to easiliy
Access for target data.
• It is a precise exploration of terms and reasoning
in a subject area.
• Semantic as a ontology making the meaning so
clear,a computer can understand it,or at least
utilize it.

Ontology Structure
• it provides additional standardized vocabulary
also that can declare classes.We can see
simple Ontology structure in figure 1.3.

Figure 1.3:A Simple Concept Hierarchy[5]

A Simple Concept Hierarchy

• As a in this ontology,has five classes.Plant and
Animal are subclass of Organism.

• A good way to think of these classes:Organism
is defined for set of the living things.

Logic
• The upper layer in Logic will be done Proofs that will
know how things work .

• Logic searches this question answer;IS IT APPLICABLE?

• Logic evaluate the information coming from ontology
vocabulary and try to find correct and consistent
knowledge.

Digital Signature
• You can see the four layers RDF,ontology,logic
and proof.

• These are form in digital signature.

• Digital signature verifies integrity of a
document,treating the information as mere
strings of bytes.[7]

The Highest Level:Trust
• The Trust:In the real world,you don’t want a
program doing things without being careful.
• One of the more difficult things is figuring out
what rules you really use for deciding what
data to trust.
• The Semantic Web doesn't make that social
problem much easier.
• When you have figured out a trust model, the
Semantic Web allows you to write it down.[8]

About Semantic Web
• Currently users search for data on the web by
asking questions that are of the form:”which
document contains these word and phrases.
• The Semantic Web will involve more involved
questions ,relationships and how diffrent
things related to each other.
• For example:How does the weather affect the
stock market?crime?birth rates?

The Grand Vision
Grand Vision of Semantic Web ;

• Better web communications with Semantic
Web

• Personal devices dektop,laptop,servers are
getting munch smarter with Semantic
Technology

rdf)

-----Chibuikem 2. Part for
Explaining DOM
Parser-----

XML DOM
• The XML DOM defines a standard way for
accessing and manipulating XML documents

• The DOM is a W3C standard. The DOM is
separated into 3 different parts / levels:
• Core DOM - standard model for any structured
document
• XML DOM - standard model for XML documents
• HTML DOM - standard model for HTML
documents

Definition of XML DOM

• A standard programming
interface for XML

Loading an XML document
• An xml parser converts an XML document to
XML DOM

if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
xhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else // for IE 5/6
{
xhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xhttp.open("GET","books.xml",false);
xhttp.send();
xmlDoc=xhttp.responseXML;

Code explained:
• Create an XMLHTTP object
• Open the XMLHTTP object
• Send an XML HTTP request to the server
• Set the response as an XML DOM object

Browsers & Security
For security reasons, modern browsers do not
allow access across domains.
This means, that both the web page and the
XML file it tries to load, must be located on the
same server.

Positioning XML
• Like CSS the XML code can be written in an
external file to make it easily modifiable and
maintainable.
• Also XML codes are usually written in a
function
Function loaddoc(docname)
{
…..
}

• -------------------------------------------
• YOUR 2.PART IS FINISH______________
• ALSO YOU HAVE CONCLUSION PART

The Conclusion(SERDAR)
• In the conclusion part;we start basic alphabet Unicode
which is computerized.
• We build on top of it XML structure.
• This structure used build RDF triplets.This triplets
follows spesific rules that are not confusing the
computers that are not biggest data like our mind.
• We set up ontology vocabulary handles these triplets it
follows logic,prof and trust.
• The Semantic Web enabling the machines to make
more sense of the web,with result of making the web
more useful for humans.

--Chibuikem-----YOUR CONCLUSİON
PART--
• XML/DOM is a great programming language that has
helped programmers and web developers store data
without having to modify a webpage everytime it is
transferred from one network to another.
• XML/DOM, like HTML can be found everywhere, not
only in webpages but even in our operating systems( to
check it go to the event viewer in windows, an XML
view is available).
• XML in the future can be advanced to accommodate
much more complex data operations while
simplifying, because in the world of internet
programming there is much more room for
development.

Semantic web xml-rdf-dom parser

Semantic web xml-rdf-dom parser

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