2. DIMENSIONS OF ORALDIMENSIONS OF ORAL
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
Articulatory Acoustic Auditory
Vibration of
vocal folds
Fundamental
frequency
Pitch
Physical effort Amplitude
(intensity)
Loudness
Timing of
movements
Time duration Length
Cauldwell and Allan (1998)
3. Relative pitch level and pitch movement
Factors affecting the pitch
1- Idiosincratic (physical conditions, sex,
age)
2- Socio-cultural (social or cultural
constraints)
3- Emotional (feelings and moods)
4. SYSTEM OF PITCH MOVEMENT
Tone Symbol Shape
Falling p
Rising r +
Rise-fall p+
Fall-rise r
Level o
5. The pitch level on the onset syllable
determines the KEY of the tonic segment.
The pitch level of the tonic syllable
represents a independently meaningful
system: TERMINATION.
KEY TERMINATION
High
Mid // p it’s JUSTJUST starting to RAINRAIN//
Low
6. THE KEY SYSTEM
PITCH LEVEL MEANING EXAMPLE
High Key Contrastive ( A not B) LOST
//p he GAMbled // p and //
Mid Key Additive (A + B)
//p he GAMbled// p and LOST//
Low Key Equative (A = B)
//p he GAMbled// p and //
LOST
7. KEY TERMINATION
High
Mid // p it’s JUST starting to RAIN //
Low
High JUST RAIN
Mid // p it’s starting to //
Low
High
Mid // p it’s starting to //
Low JUST RAIN
8. (this is the best technique that could be used)
1. //r to enTICE people// r to enCOURage//
p to COME along and preSENT themselves//
2. //r to enTICE people// r to en age//
COUR
p to COME along and preSENT themselves//
COUR
3. //r to enTICE people// r to en age//
p to COME along and preSENT themselves//
9. A. // r I should think // p its time to STOP//
B. // p YES // p you’re RIGHT// p its JUST
FIVE//
B. // p YES // r+ well if THAT’S what you
THINK //p we WILL //
B. // p YES // p i aGREE// r its NO use
OVERdoing it//
10. THE TERMINATION SYSTEM
Key Termination Meaning Example
High High Expectation on the
part of the speaker of
a contrastive answer:
yes/no.
THINK LAR
A: //p do you this one ger//
YES
B: //p //
High Mid Pressure from the
speaker for a
favourable response by
the other interlocutor.
THINK
A: //p do you this ones LARGer//
P: //p YES//
11. Mid High Expectation on the part
of the speaker of a
contrastive
answer: yes/no.
LAR
A: //p do you THINK this ones ger//
YES
B: //p //
Mid Mid Pressure from the
speaker for a favourable
response by the other
interlocutor.
A: //p do you THINK this ones LARGer//
B: //p YES//
Mid Low The speaker imposes
little or
no constraint on the
next turn taker .
//r + and the QUEStion i want to PUT to
you is//p DO we NEED//p an INcome
icy//
POL
12. Low Mid Pressure from the
speaker for a
favourable response by
the other interlocutor.
A: //p do you this onesLARGer//
THINK
B //p YES//
Low Low The speaker imposes
little or no constraint
on the next turn taker
//r+ and the QUEStion i want to PUT
to you is//p DO we NEED//p an
come icy//
IN POL
