Nuclear Energy & Dectors

The basics, mass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What is mass? What has happened? 4.001505 Alpha Particle 4.002603 Helium (He) 1.007825 Hydrogen Atom (H) 1.008665 Neutron (n) 1.007276 Proton (p) 0.000549 Electron (e) Mass (u) Particle

Missing energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mass of helium nuclei = 4.001505u Mass of parts = 4.031882u  M = 0.030377u = 0.030377 x (1.661x10 -27 ) = 5.046x10 -29 kg  E = 55.046x10 -29 x (3x10 8 ) 2 = 4.541 x 10 -12 J = 28.38MeV

Practise Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4.002603 Helium – 4 12.000000 Carbon – 12 3.016030 Helium – 3 Mass (u) Particle/ nuclide

Beta decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1.008665 Neutron (n) 1.007276 Proton (p) 0.000549 Electron (e) Mass (u) Particle

Binding energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hydrogen -1 Helium -4 Carbon Uranium What happens in nuclear fission & fusion Fission Fusion

Bubble Chamber ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =jB2BTzez2g4&feature=related Can be used to work out mass, speed and charge. Takes about 1 second to set up again (increase pressure) a life time in modern times. Simple to use and take photo’s off Have to time particle entry with reduction of pressure Because medium is dense high energy particles can be slowed enough to be recorded. Disadvantages Advantages

Paths of a Bubble Chamber Magnetic Field into page Positive particle low speed, low mass Positive particles, higher speed/ mass Negative Particle, high speed/ mass 1 3 2 Maths window (Remember) F = Bqv F = mv 2 /r Therefore r = mv/Bq

Cloud Chamber & Spark/drift chanber ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cloud chamber tracks   short straight clear tracks…why?   high energy )  thin straight tracks…why?   low energy )  short thick , tortuous tracks…why?    Rays  why?

Nuclear Energy & Dectors

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Nuclear Energy & Dectors