Seismograph, Richter Scale, Epicenter, Hypocenter Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint

1. Seismograph. Learn more at…. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/seismology/keeping_track.php

4. -Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages -Make visuals clear and well drawn.

5. • RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. • BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

6. http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Website Link:

8. • What is this?

9. • Recreation ancient Chinese Seismograph from 132 AD. – Copper balls would fall out into a frogs mouth forecasting and reporting an earthquake.

15. • Activity Link! Make a seismograph • http://pbskids.org/zoom/activities/sci/seism ometer.html or http://science- mattersblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/earthq uakes-make-seismograph.html

16. • iSeismometer for the Ipad – Learn more at… http://www.iseismometer.com/

17. • Video Link! Seismographs and Seismomitor – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gbd1FcuLJLQ

22. Seismograph. Learn more at…. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/seismology/keeping_track.php

26. • Activity! Creating a mini earthquake. – Patter feet and hands on desk quietly as small vibrations are recorded. – Increase the magnitude of the noise when the magnitude of the lines increase. – Stop at end, repeat one more time. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

30.  Richter Scale - Scale for measuring earthquake magnitude.  A magnitude 7.0 earthquake generates 10 times larger amplitude waves than those of a magnitude 6.0. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy 10 times larger

31.  Richter Scale - Scale for measuring earthquake magnitude.  A magnitude 7.0 earthquake generates 10 times larger amplitude waves than those of a magnitude 6.0. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy 10 times larger 10 times larger

32.  Richter Scale - Scale for measuring earthquake magnitude.  A magnitude 7.0 earthquake generates 10 times larger amplitude waves than those of a magnitude 6.0. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy 10 times larger 10 times larger Richter Scale: Learn More at.. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/richter.php

34. • Top 10 Largest earthquakes in the world since 1900. Learn more about the Top Ten Earthquakes at… http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/10_ largest_world.php

45. • Japanese earthquake, tsunami, and dangers associated with nuclear power / meltdown occurred.

49. • Other notable earthquakes. – New Madrid Missouri Earthquake 1811-1812 – Between 7 and 8 on Richter Scale – Area was sparsely populated in the 1800‟s

50. • Other notable earthquakes. – New Madrid Missouri Earthquake 1811-1812 – Between 7 and 8 on Richter Scale – Area was sparsely populated in the 1800‟s

51. • The Loma Prieta Earthquake (World Series Earthquake) 1989 – Hit San Francisco Bay Area (6.9)

52. • San Francisco Earthquake 1906 – Huge death toll from collapse of buildings and fire storm that emerged as a result. – Magnitude 7.7 – 8.25

53. • The Great Kantō earthquake (1923) Mainland Japan. – 7.9 on the Richter Scale (140,000 dead) – Occurred at lunchtime and many fires erupted from stoves that fell over. (Firestorm) – Typhoon also hit the area at the same time.

54. • Many more earthquakes have devastated humanity than were presented in this short list.

57. • Final Warning. The Cascadia Fault – The US Northwest is struck by a major earthquake every 240 years on average. – It‟s been 311 years since the last major quake.

58. • Recent earthquakes over last seven days from around the world and magnitude. – Note how most earthquakes will be on plate boundaries. – http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/

59. • You can now skip ahead a bit to complete this question.

60. • You can now skip ahead a bit to complete this question.

68. • Activity! Sheet Provided – Locating the Epicenter, Hypocenter, and some basic Origami – Please cut out the box – Color it / label epicenter, hypocenter, fault line. • Color Seismic Waves Red – Fold it correctly and tape it together. – Be ready for quiz on next slide.

75. • Activity! Sheet Provided – Locating the Epicenter, Hypocenter, and some basic Origami – Please cut out the box – Color it / label epicenter, hypocenter, fault line. • Color Seismic Waves Red – Fold it correctly and tape it together. – Be ready for quiz on next slide. No directions on folding. Science is learning through experience in its simplest form. Figure it out.

79. Hypocenter / Focus

80. Hypocenter / Focus

81. Hypocenter / Focus Primary Waves Secondary Waves

82. Hypocenter / Focus Primary Waves Secondary Waves

83. Hypocenter / Focus Primary Waves Secondary Waves Fault Line

84. Hypocenter / Focus Primary Waves Secondary Waves Fault Line

85. Hypocenter / Focus Epicenter Primary Waves Secondary Waves Fault Line

86. Hypocenter / Focus Epicenter Primary Waves Secondary Waves Fault Line

87. Hypocenter / Focus Epicenter Primary Waves Secondary Waves Reverse / Thrust Fault Fault Line

91. “OH-No!” “One more time.”

95. Reverse / Thrust Fault

96. Reverse / Thrust Fault

97. Reverse / Thrust Fault Fault Line

98. Reverse / Thrust Fault Fault Line

99. Hypocenter / Focus Reverse / Thrust Fault Fault Line

100. Hypocenter / Focus Reverse / Thrust Fault Fault Line

101. Hypocenter / Focus Primary Waves Secondary Waves Reverse / Thrust Fault Fault Line

102. Hypocenter / Focus Primary Waves Secondary Waves Reverse / Thrust Fault Fault Line

105. • An earthquake requires three monitoring stations to determine it‟s location.

106. • An earthquake requires three monitoring stations to determine it‟s location. P and S waves travel at known velocities through the earth. S waves are slower than P waves by a known amount.

107. • An earthquake requires three monitoring stations to determine it‟s location. P and S waves travel at known velocities through the earth. S waves are slower than P waves by a known amount. Therefore, the farther a seismic recording station is from the earthquake epicenter the greater the difference in time of arrival between the P and S wave.

124. S and P interval

146. • Activity! S and P Gap. – Have two students line up next to each other against the wall. – Label one as the fast walker (P-wave) and one as the slow walker (S-wave “Side to Side Macho Man”) – Each students begins walking across room at same time and various students (monitoring stations) time the gap between the two students as they walk by. – Start timer when P-wave passes, and end when S-wave arrives. – Have the monitor stations share times.

147. • Activity! S and P Gap. P-Wave S-Wave

152. • Activity! S and P Gap. P-Wave S-Wave START TIMER

156. • Activity! S and P Gap. P-Wave S-Wave END TIMER START TIMER

157. • Activity! S and P Gap. P-Wave S-Wave END TIMER START TIMER

158. • Activity! S and P Gap. P-Wave S-Wave END TIMER START TIMER START

159. • Activity! S and P Gap. P-Wave S-Wave END TIMER START TIMER START

160. • Activity! S and P Gap. P-Wave S-Wave END TIMER END TIMER START

164. • Activity! S and P Gap. P-Wave S-Wave END TIMER END TIMER END

168. • Activity! S and P Gap. P-Wave S-Wave END TIMER END TIMER END Compare times of the gap between the P wave and the S wave (should be close) 0:00 0:00 0:00

169. • An earthquake requires three monitoring stations to determine its location. – Where‟s the epicenter of the earthquake below?

170. A

171. A

172. A S and P Wave gap time / distance measured from monitoring station

173. B A

174. B A

175. B A

176. B C A

177. • Where „s the earthquake below? B C A

178. • Where „s the earthquake below? B C A Epicenter

180. • Where „s the earthquake epicenter below? B C A D E F G

185. • Where „s the earthquake epicenter below? B C A Epicenter D E F G

192. • Where „s the earthquake epicenter below? B C A Epicenter D E F G

202. • Quick Activity! Working the process backwards. – Make a right triangle in the middle of your page. – Mark each point (A, B, C) These are seismic activity monitoring stations. – Create and epicenter near the triangle. – Use a compass to create a circle from each monitoring station (center of circle) through the epicenter (perimeter of circle). – Record radius (distance from monitoring station to the epicenter). Visual next slide 

203. • Quick Activity! Working the process backwards. – Make a right triangle in the middle of your page. – Mark each point (A, B, C) These are seismic activity monitoring stations. – Create and epicenter near the triangle. – Use a compass to create a circle from each monitoring station (center of circle) through the epicenter (perimeter of circle). – Record radius (distance from monitoring station to the epicenter). Visual next slide 

204. • Quick Activity! Working the process backwards. – Make a right triangle in the middle of your page. – Mark each point (A, B, C) These are seismic activity monitoring stations. – Create a epicenter near the triangle. – Use a compass to create a circle from each monitoring station (center of circle) through the epicenter (perimeter of circle). – Record radius (distance from monitoring station to the epicenter). Visual next slide 

212. A

213. A B

214. A B C

215. A B C * Epicenter

221. A B C * Epicenter *

222. A B C * Epicenter * Measure the distances from each monitoring station to the epicenter.

223. A B C * Epicenter * Measure the distances from each monitoring station to the epicenter. Distance to epicenter determined by the gap between the arrival of the first P wave and the first S wave

224. • Activity – Finding the Epicenter • http://www.geology.ar.gov/pdf/Locating_an_e picenter_activity.pdf • http://www.oakton.edu/user/4/billtong/eas100 lab/lab10quake.htm • (Advanced) • http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/locating.html Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Learn more at… http://www.geo.mtu.edu /UPSeis/locating.html

230. • Liquefaction: A process where sand or landfill will often change from a wet solid into a dense liquid, which further amplifies shaking. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Liquefaction Activity / Demo at… http://www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/activezone/liquefactio n.html More activities and info found at… https://media.up.edu/Physics/TOLE/EarthquakeTsunamiHazar ds/LessonPlans/EQHazardMaps_Liquefaction-TOTLE.pdf

236. • Activity! – Fill a tray with dry sand several inches or at least 12 cm. – Fill a one liter soda bottle with water and cap and bury into the sand.

237. • Activity! – Fill a tray with dry sand several inches or at least 12 cm. – Fill a one liter soda bottle with water and cap and bury into the sand. – Shake tray and observe what happens.

238. • Activity! – Fill a tray with dry sand several inches or at least 12 cm. – Fill a one liter soda bottle with water and cap and bury into the sand. – Shake tray and observe what happens.

239. • Activity! – Moisten sand but don‟t super saturate. – Shake tray and observe what happens.

240. • Activity! – Moisten sand but don‟t super saturate. – Shake tray and observe what happens.

241. • Activity! – Fill tray with lots of water so water is visible on the surface.. – Shake tray and observe what happens.

242. • Activity! – Fill tray with lots of water so water is visible on the surface.. – Shake tray and observe what happens.

243. • Activity! – Fill tray with lots of water so water is visible on the surface.. – Shake tray and observe what happens. – Why?

244. • Activity! – Fill tray with lots of water so water is visible on the surface.. – Shake tray and observe what happens. – Why? Liquefaction. The sand (solid) mixed with water (liquid) and acted as a liquid.

245. • Activity! – Fill tray with lots of water so water is visible on the surface.. – Shake tray and observe what happens. – Why? Liquefaction. The sand (solid) mixed with water (liquid) and acted as a liquid.

246. • Videos (Optional) Liquefaction – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rn3oAvmZY8k Japan – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvYKcCS_J7Y Christchurch New Zealand (How it happens) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

266. • This part of the PowerPoint roadmap is just one small part of my Geology Topics Unit. This unit includes… • A six part 6,000 Slide PowerPoint Presentation / unit roadmap full of activities, review questions, games, video links, flashcards, materials list, and much more. • A 18 bundled homework package, modified version, 19 pages of unit notes, 6 PowerPoint Review Games of 100+ slides each, videos, rubrics, and much more that all chronologically follow the unit slideshow. • This is a fantastic unit for any Earth Science Class. • http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html

268. Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami‟s, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks., Age of the Earth, Uniformitarianism, Principle of Superposition, Earth History, Time Units, Timeline of Events, Basic Evolution, Mass Extinction Events, Dinosaurs, Early Mammals, and more. Full Unit can be found at… http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html

275. • This was a very brief tour. Please visit the links below to learn more about each of the units in this curriculum package. – These units take me about four years to complete with my students in grades 5-10. Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html = Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult 5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade

276. Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods. html Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Human Body / Health Topics http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html

277. • More Units Available at… Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The Rivers and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit. Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and Science Skills Unit. Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

278. • The entire four year curriculum can be found at... http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Thank you for your interest in this curriculum. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com

Seismograph, Richter Scale, Epicenter, Hypocenter Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint

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