Animal Symbiosis Lesson PowerPoint, Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism

• Dispersive mutualisms: One species
receives food in exchange for moving the
pollen or seeds of its partner.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.

-Please make notes legible and use indentations
when appropriate.
-Example of indent.
-Skip a line between topics
-Don’t skip pages
-Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label.
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.

 New Area of Focus: Special Feeding
Relationships

 Symbiosis: A long term relationship
between two or more different species.

 Three types of symbiosis
 - Parasitism
 - Mutualism
 - Commensalism

 Parasitism: One organism benefits while
the other is harmed.

“I’m sick of
studying dumb
stuff” “Why
should I care
about studying
parasites?”

• 1 in 3 American suffers in some form from
a parasite.
– Learn about them to help yourself.

“I’m sorry
that I yelled
earlier.” “I
didn’t know
that.”

• Caution! Disgusting parasites ahead.
– Be prepared to be grossed out. Close your
eyes if needed.

• Parasites are one on the most numerous
and successful groups of organisms on
the planet.
– For every species on earth, they may host a
handful of unique parasites.

• Most parasites have very complicated life
cycles,

• Most parasites have very complicated life
cycles, often going through a number of
different species before finding a host.

• Parasites damage their host by consuming
tissues, and releasing toxins.

• Two general types of parasites

–Endoparasites: Inside your body.

–Endoparasites: Inside your body.
–Ectoparasites: Outside your body.

• Worms make up some of the common
parasites that affects humans.

• Ascaris Infection “Worm Ball”
– Removed from 10 year old boy.

• Human Intestine post surgery.
– This section of the intestine was removed as
the worms created a blockage.

“I’m a parasitic
worm, I have one
mission…

“I’m a parasitic
worm, I have one
mission…
Don’t Die and make
lots of babies…”

• A few endoparasites that affect humans.
– Tape worms

• If a child frequently itches their butt, you
should check to see if they have contracted
pinworm.

• Pinworm: Medication works, but a
flashlight and small spoon is also required.

Pinworms

Pinworms
Anus

“Yummy!”
“These
Pinworm eggs
taste great
when I bite
my nails.”

• Athlete’s Foot: Another Fungi

• Guinea worms can be very large.

• Onchocerciasis, Riverblindness

• Brain Worm – Affects Moose. Slime from
snail passes the parasite between species.

• Heartworms – Dogs
– Common parasite

• Heartworms – Dogs
– Common parasite
Learn more about heartworm prevention at…
http://pets.webmd.com/dogs/heartworm-dogs-symptoms-
tests

• Some common ectoparasites.
– Fleas

• Crab (louse) legs and claws are highly
adapted to cling to pubic hairs on the human
body.

“Ahhh, good job
little baby crab.”

“Your almost
there.” “Just keep
climbing up the
pubic hair.”

• This strange louse is a tongue eating
parasite that lives in a fishes mouth.

• Zombie Snail
– Parasitic flatworm
– Eggs exist in bird droppings, and when snail
eats droppings, the parasite crawls into
eyestalk and pulse.
– A bird comes by and eats eye stalk / parasite
and snail loses eye.

• Zombie Snail
– Caused by parasitic flatworm
– Eggs exist in bird droppings, and when snail
eats droppings, the parasite crawls into
eyestalk and begins to pulse. (Caterpillar?)
– A bird comes by and eats eye stalk / parasite
and snail loses eye.

• Video Link! Optional, Zombie Snail
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Go_LIz7kTok

• Video – Wasp parasite and aphids
– Are all parasites bad to humans?
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLtUk-
W5Gpk

• Mosquito
– A parasite that carries the malaria parasite.

• Mosquito
– A parasite that carries the malaria parasite.
Malaria kills about 1.2 million
people every year…
Learn more about malaria at…
http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/mosquitoes/

• Article! Sea Lamprey
– Read Article and answer the questions at the
bottom in your journal.

• Sea Lamprey are jawless fish (very
old), They attach to fish with sucker and
bore a hole into flesh with tongue.

• Coming to your local swim hole soon.

• The parasite must not kill the host. The
host provides the food and shelter and
survival of the parasite.

• Video Links! (Optional)
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-KJZ22-
wTQ

• The Candiru or toothpick fish…

• Video Link! The Candiru
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQWgUht-
ObI

• The Candiru or toothpick fish sucks blood
and can enter any open human orifice.

• Most parasites have degenerated in some
way, that is, they have lost many physical
features such as eyes.

• Most parasites have degenerated in some
way, that is, they have lost many physical
features such as eyes.
– They don’t need these complicated things
anymore, but they have added features such as
producing more eggs and finding ways to exist
undetected.

• Brood Parasitism – Cowbird

• Brood Parasitism – The cowbird waits until a
mother leaves a nest and then lays her eggs
next to the other egg. When the bird comes
back she doesn’t know the difference and
raises the eggs.

• Brood Parasitism – The cowbird waits until a
mother leaves a nest and then lays her eggs
next to the other egg. When the bird comes
back she doesn’t know the difference and
raises the eggs.
– The cowbird drops a few of the real mothers
eggs out to make room. Those eggs die and the
juvenile cowbird takes most of the food while the
other chicks starve.

• Which chick below is an example of brood
parasitism?

• Which eggs are examples of brood
parasitism?

• Plants are parasitized by
viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and a
few other plants.

Mistletoe is a
common plant
parasite

Learn more advanced article on parasitism at…
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/ecologica
l-consequences-of-parasitism-13255694
Parasite of the day found at…
http://dailyparasite.blogspot.com/

• Video Link (Optional) Parasites with Hank.
• Please preview for language.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABeBqbBy2Lo

• Some PowerPoint advice!
– Involve people. I need two volunteers, one
boy and one girl to read the next slide.

PowerPoint advice: You should…

PowerPoint advice: You should… KISS
Or you can read the next slide…?

• PowerPoint advice: “KISS”
–Keep
–It
–Simple
–Silly

• PowerPoint Advice:
– Cheesy Effects do not help your presentation.
– Waiting for information is a waste of time.
– Animations can take away from your
presentation.
– Wait! I’m not finished reading this. Where is it
going? I’m not ready yet! “Arrrgh, I hate
animations!”

• Sound effects combined with effects is
even worse.

How is this color combination?
Do you want to sit through 25
slides of Twinkie Yellow? Be smart
about your color choice.
“Keep it Simple”

Is this Font to
Big?

Tornado Formation
– A tornado is a violently rotating column of air in contact with and extending
between a cloud (often a thunderstorm cloud) and the surface of the earth.
Winds in most tornadoes blow at 100 mph or less, but in the most violent, and
least frequent, wind speeds can exceed 250 mph.
– Tornadoes, often nicknamed "twisters," typically track along the ground for a
few miles or less and are less than 100 yards wide, though some monsters can
remain in contact with the earth for well over fifty miles and exceed one mile in
width.
– Several conditions are required for the development of tornadoes and the
thunderstorm clouds with which most tornadoes are associated. Abundant low
level moisture is necessary to contribute to the development of a
thunderstorm, and a "trigger" (perhaps a cold front or other low level zone of
converging winds) is needed to lift the moist air aloft.
– Once the air begins to rise and becomes saturated it will continue rising to
great heights and produce a thunderstorm cloud, if the atmosphere is unstable.
An unstable atmosphere is one where the temperature decreases rapidly with
height.
– Atmospheric instability can also occur when dry air overlays moist air near the
earth's surface. Finally, tornadoes usually form in areas where winds at all
levels of the atmosphere are not only strong, but also turn with height in a
clockwise, or veering, direction.
– Tornadoes can appear as a traditional funnel shape, or in a slender rope-like
form. Some have a churning, smoky look to them, and others contain "multiple
vortices" - small, individual tornadoes rotating around a common center. Even
others may be nearly invisible, with only swirling dust or debris at ground level
as the only indication of the tornado's presence.

Tornado Formation
width.
level moisture is necessary to contribute to the development of a thunderstorm,
and a "trigger" (perhaps a cold front or other low level zone of converging
winds) is needed to lift the moist air aloft.
height.
Some PowerPoint advice!

Tornado Formation
width.
height.
Only a few words per slide.

Tornado Formation
width.
height.
NO Paragraphs! NO Reading!

Tornado Formation
width.
height.
NO Copy and Paste.

Tornado Formation
width.
level moisture is necessary to contribute to the development of a thunderstorm,
and a "trigger" (perhaps a cold front or other low level zone of converging
winds) is needed to lift the moist air aloft.
height.
NO Copy and Paste.
It’s cheating and boring.

• Some PowerPoint advice
– Visuals are more important than words.
– This is a picture of a tornado forming.

• Some PowerPoint advice
– Visuals are more important than words.
– This is a picture of a tornado forming.
Note – Cyclonic formation

• The requirements of this project in in 10
seconds.
– Don’t make your presentation PowerPointless.

• Activity! Creating a PowerPoint Presentation
on parasites.
• Fact sheet in activities folder
– Visit the cdc website to find A-Z list of parasites and choose one of
interest (10 minutes something that interests you)
• http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/
– 1 Slide Title Page: Common and science name of parasite.
– 2/3 slides: Pictures of parasite / host
– 2/3 slides: How do you get it / transmitted?
– 3 slides: How it effects it’s host (health effects)?
– 1 slide: How do you treat this parasite?
– 1 Slide: What’s the life cycle of this parasite?
– Works cited page optional but encouraged, use APA format.

Activity Sheet! Parasite Research Sheet
- Found in activities folder.

• Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis).

• Scabies is spread from person to person
contact

• People don’t usually have symptoms during
the first 2 to 6 weeks they are infested
(CDC, 2010).

• The scabies mite can be spread during this
time.

• The microscopic scabies mite burrows into
the upper layer of the skin.

• The microscopic scabies mite burrows into
the upper layer of the skin. (CDC, 2010).
Lays Eggs in Skin

• Picture of rash caused by the burrowing
scabies mite.

• The rashes and infections can be minor,
• Or the they can very serious.

• Scabies occurs worldwide and can infect
anyone.

• Picture of scabies mite infecting homeless in
Norway.

• Scabies life cycle goes from egg to nymph to
adult.

• Scabicides are used to kill scabies and eggs.
– Doctor’s prescription is needed.

• Learn more at…http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/

• Works Cited
• Centers For Disease Control. (2010,
November 2). Parasites - scabies.
Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/in
dex.html

• Information to complete works cited page
can be found at…
• http://citationmachine.net/index2.php

• Activity! Creating a PowerPoint Presentation
on parasites.
• Fact sheet in activities folder
– Visit the cdc website to find A-Z list of parasites and choose one of
interest (10 minutes)
• http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/
– 1 Slide Title Page: Common and science name of parasite.
– 2/3 slides: Pictures of parasite / host
– 2/3 slides: How do you get it / transmitted?
– 3 slides: How it effects it’s host (health effects)?
– 1 slide: How do you treat this parasite?
– 1 Slide: What’s the life cycle of this parasite?
– Works cited page optional but encouraged, use APA format.

• Video Link! How to make a PowerPoint.
– Note: This video is also a good example of an
extremely boring and ineffective PowerPoint.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUqIDs5MZxM

• Parasite Presentations.
– Each person should set-up their presentation
area so it’s nice and neat.
– Students should record information about
parasites directly to their homework bundle as
you move from presentation to presentation.

• The Parasite Zone. Creepy music to play
during the roaming presentations.
– Twilight Zone Intro: 30 Sec.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxf_Dvy0VLs
– Dark Ambient: 7 minutes.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1vjTJTRn48
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJyiTDAWzDA&feat
ure=related

• You can now complete this question in your
bundled homework package.

• Coevolution: The evolution of two or more
species, each adapting to changes in the
other.

• These ecological relationships include:

– Predator/prey and parasite/host

– Competitive species

– Competitive species
– Mutualistic species

• Video Link Coevolution and a nice review of
other forms of evolution.
– (Advanced / Optional)
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDVbt2qQRq
s&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL7A
750281106CD067

 Mutualism: Both organisms benefit.

 Types of mutualisms

• Look how the majority of the this plants
roots are connected to the symbiotic fungi.

• Fungus breaks down organic molecules
and helps return those nutrients to plants.

• Which plant has helpful Mycorrhizae fungi
in the soil providing nutrients to the plant?

• The fungi will help the plant absorb
valuable nutrients so the plant can grow?

They look for molecules to
break down.

Leaf cutter ants feed leaves to their fungus
colonies.

Leaf cutter ants feed leaves to their fungus
colonies.
-The ants then feed on the growing fungus.

• There were all examples of trophic
Mutualisms

 Trophic mutualism: Both species help feed
each other.
 -

 Trophic mutualism: Both species help feed
each other.
 Usually nutrient related.

 Cleaning symbiosis: One species gets food
and shelter, the other has parasites
removed.

• Video Link! Bulldozer Shrimp and the
Goby.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vR9X3gFT
pL0&feature=related

• Video! Goby Fish and Bulldozer Shrimp.
– How is this a defensive mutualism?
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vR9X3gFT
pL0&feature=fvwrel

• Video Link! Review of Symbiosis
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q

• Question! Are these ants killing this
caterpillar?

• Question! Are these ants killing this
caterpillar?
– Answer: No. they are eating some sugary
secretions releases by the caterpillar.

• Video! Caterpillar and Ant defensive
mutualism.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3bWqlPLpMg

 Defensive mutualisms: One species protects
the other and gets some benefits for its help.

• Never climb Acacia trees that have these
galls. Viscous ants feel the vibrations and
coming running out to attack.

• Never climb Acacia trees that have these
galls. Viscous ants feel the vibrations and
coming running out to attack.
– They get drops of sugar from the leaves of the
tree.

• Video Link (Optional) Ants and defensive
mutualisms.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xm2qdxVV
Rm4

• The Sea Anemome and the Clownfish are a
mutualism.

• The Sea Anemome and the Clownfish are a
mutualism.
– The Anemome gets small scrapes from the
clownfish, and the Clownfish gets protection.

 Dispersive mutualisms: One species

 Dispersive mutualisms: One species
Learn more about plant animal mutualisms at…
https://www.boundless.com/biology/flowering-
plants/mutualistic-interaction-between-plants-and-
animals/mutualistic-interactions-between-plants-and-
animals/

• Pollination – Insects transfer pollen from
one flower to the next, insects gets nectar.

“Wow!” “Look
how this flower
has evolved to be
white, and
shaped in a way
so I can visit it.”

• You can now complete these questions on
your bundled homework.

 Commensalism: One organism benefits while
the other doesn’t benefit, or suffer harm.

• The remora just hitches a ride to grab some
scraps after the kill.

“I’m not a cleaner
bird.”
“I’m just here for the
protection”

“After my nap,
can you please
feed
me…Thanks.”

• Epiphytes – Can be parasitic if they shade
out the host tree.

• A bird may benefit from a tree for shelter
and raising young.
– The tree neither benefits, nor is caused harm.

• A bird may benefit from a tree for shelter
and raising young.
– The tree neither benefits, nor is caused harm.
Learn more about birds and their relationships at…
http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/03/01/symbiotic-bird-
animal-relationships/

Neutral Neutral
Neutral
Interspecific
Competition?

Lamprey
Neutral Neutral
Neutral
Interspecific
Competition?

Lamprey
Lake Trout
Neutral Neutral
Neutral
Interspecific
Competition?

Neutral Neutral
Neutral
Interspecific
Competition?
Honeysuckle
Hummingbird

• You are made of more than 65 trillion
human cells.

human cells.
– Multiply that number by 10 and that’s how
many bacteria are living in your body.

human cells.
– Multiply that number by 10 and that’s how
many bacteria are living in your body.
• Your microbiome is very important to your survival.

• Bacteria live in our body. They are…

– Mutualistic: We provide a place to live and food,
while the bacteria attack harmful microbes and
digest food.

digest food.
– Commensalistic: Most bacteria in our body, they
benefit but don’t cause us harm.

digest food.
– Commensalistic: Most bacteria in our body, they
benefit but don’t cause us harm.
– Parasitic: Harmful bacteria that eat tissue and
release toxins.

• Reading Link! Each group must report to
the class about a marine symbiosis.
– http://www.ehow.com/info_8208885_symbioti
c-between-animals-marine-biome.html
– Imperial Shrimp and Sea Cucumbers
– Clownfish and Anemones
– Sharks and Remoras
– Green Turtles and Cleaning Fish
Maybe we should act
out the symbiosis?

• “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and
Literacy Opportunity Worksheet
– Visit some of the many provided links or..
– Articles can be found at (w/ membership to
NABT and NSTA)
• http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p=
1
• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?j
ournal=tst
Please visit at least one of
the “learn more”
educational links provided
in this unit and complete
this worksheet

• “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and
Literacy Opportunity Worksheet
– Visit some of the many provided links or..
– Articles can be found at (w/ membership to NABT
and NSTA)
• http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p=1
• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?jo
urnal=tst

• This PowerPoint is one small part of my Ecology
Interactions Unit. This unit includes
• 3 Part 2000+ Slide PowerPoint
• 12 page bundled homework packaged that
chronologically follows PowerPoint, + modified
version and answer keys.
• 7 pages of unit notes with visuals
• 3 PowerPoint review games with answer keys.
• Rubrics, games, flash cards and much more.
• http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactio
ns_Unit.html

Areas of Focus within The Ecology Interactions Unit:
Levels of Biological Organization (Ecology), Parts of the
Biosphere, Habitat, Ecological Niche, Types of
Competition, Competitive Exclusion Theory, Animal
Interactions, Food Webs, Predator Prey
Relationships, Camouflage, Population
Sampling, Abundance, Relative
Abundance, Diversity, Mimicry, Batesian Mimicry, Mullerian
Mimicry, Symbiosis, Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism, Plant
and Animal Interactions, Coevolution, Animal Strategies to Eat
Plants, Plant Defense Mechanisms, Exotic Species, Impacts of
Invasive Exotic Species. An entire mini unit of ecological
succession is also included with homework, notes, field study
project and PowerPoint review gameFull Unit can be found at…
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html

• Please visit the links below to learn more
about each of the units in this curriculum
– These units take me about four years to complete
with my students in grades 5-10.
Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html
Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html
Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html
Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html
Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html
Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html
= Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult
5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade

Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods.
html
Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html
Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html
Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Human Body / Health Topics
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html
DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html
Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html
Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html
Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html
Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html
Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html
Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm
Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html
Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html

• Thank you for your time and interest in this
curriculum tour. Please visit the welcome / guide on
how a unit works and link to the many unit previews
to see the PowerPoint slideshows, bundled
homework, review games, unit notes, and much
more. Thank you for your interest and please feel
free to contact me with any questions you may have.
Best wishes.
• Sincerely,
• Ryan Murphy M.Ed
• ryemurf@gmail.com

• The entire four year curriculum can be found at...
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to
contact me with any questions you may have.
Thank you for your interest in this curriculum.
Sincerely,
Ryan Murphy M.Ed
www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com

Animal Symbiosis Lesson PowerPoint, Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism

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Animal Symbiosis Lesson PowerPoint, Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism