Parts of speech

2. A noun is a person, place or thing. A noun
names things.
Proper nouns refer to specific people, places or things and must
be capitalized. Jose or Houston
Common nouns do not refer to specific people, places or things
and are not capitalized. Doctor or supermarket
Activity:
Fold a paper into thirds hot dog style. In the first column make a list of all the
people you know or would like to know. In the second column make a list of all the
places you have visited or would like to visit. In the third column make a list of all
the things you own or would like to own. Circle any words that start with a capital.
You have a list of proper and common nouns.

3. A pronoun takes the place of a noun. It must agree
with its antecedent (the noun to which the pronoun is
referring. Activity:
Subject pronouns Object pronouns Make a window fold.
Singular Singular On the left outside window pane write the
I me first person subject, singular pronouns.
You you second person On the right outside window pane write the
He, she it him, her, it third person object, singular pronouns.
Plural Plural On the left inside window pane write the
We us first person subject, plural pronouns.
You you second person On the right inside window pane write the
They them third person object, plural pronouns.
Relative Pronouns In the center panel after you open the
(Before a clause) window, right the indefinite and reciprocal
Who whom pronouns that can be used as either a subject
That that or object and the pronoun rules.
Indefinite Pronouns
(no specific person) Pronoun Rules:
Anyone Don’t use a pronoun before you use the noun to
No one
Reciprocal Pronouns
which the pronoun refers (antecedent.)
( two-way action) The pronoun must match the person, number and
Each other (2) gender of the noun to which it refers.
One another (2+)

4. A verb tells what the noun or pronoun is doing and
when. A verb shows action and time.
Present Past Future Regular, Simple, Active (voice)
Singular
I play played will play first person Passive verbs
You play played will play second person (voice)
He, she it plays played will play third person am
Plural are
We play played will play first person is
You play played will play second person was
were
They play played will play third person
been
being
Subjective mood:
When you make a wish, you use would or could. If I were older, I could drive a car.
Activity:
Make a basket weave foldable to show the three simple, regular tenses.
Write a restaurant or movie review using passive verbs. Rewrite the review using
active verbs.

5. Interjections are words or phrases added to a sentence that
show emotion. And are usually, but not always, at the beginning
of a sentence and followed by an exclamation mark. An
interjection is not grammatically related to any other part of the
sentence. Interjections are uncommon in formal academic prose,
except in direct quotations.
• The highlighted words in the following sentences are
interjections:
• Ouch, that hurt! Oh no, I forgot that the exam was today. Hey!
Put that down! I heard one guy say to another guy, "He has a
new car, eh?" I don't know about you but, good lord, I think
taxes are too high!
Remember: If the interjection is followed by a comma, do not capitalize the next
word; however, if the interjection is followed by an exclamation point, the next
word is capitalized because an exclamation point is end punctuation.
Activity: Write a paragraph with a driver and his car. Insert G-rated
interjections about an accident the driver has. (Onomatopoeia is the formation
of a word by imitation of a sound. They make great interjections.

6. An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by describing (what
kind), identifying (which one), or quantifying it (how many). An
adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it
modifies.
In the following examples, the highlighted words are adjectives:
The truck-shaped balloon floated over the treetops.
Mrs. Morrison papered her kitchen walls with hideous wall paper.
The small boat foundered on the wine dark sea.
The coal mines are dark and dank.
Many stores have already begun to play irritating Christmas music.
A battered, pink music box sat on the mahogany sideboard.
The back room was filled with large, yellow rain boots.
An article is a special adjective:
A is used when the noun begins with a consonant sound: A dog is barking.
An is used when the noun begins with a vowel sound: An apple is round.
A is used to refer to any noun: A chair is made of wood.
The is used to refer to specific noun: The chair is made of wood.

7. An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a
phrase, or a clause. An adverb indicates manner, time place
cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when,"
"where," "how much". Sometimes an adverb can be identified
by the “ly” suffix. An adverb can be found in various places
within a sentence.
In the following examples, each of the highlighted words is an adverb:
The seamstress quickly made the mourning clothes. In this sentence, the adverb "quickly"
modifies the verb "made" and indicates in what manner (or how fast) the clothing was
constructed.
The midwives waited patiently through a long labor. Similarly in this sentence, the adverb
"patiently" modifies the verb "waited" and describes the manner in which the midwives
waited.
The boldly spoken words would return to haunt the rebel. In this sentence the adverb
"boldly" modifies the adjective "spoken."
We urged him to dial the number more expeditiously. Here the adverb "more" modifies the
adverb "expeditiously."
Unfortunately, the bank closed at three today. In this example, the adverb "unfortunately"
modifies the entire sentence.

8. A preposition is a word that is used to show a temporal, spatial
or logical relationship between a noun, pronoun or phrase and
other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the
preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.
The most common prepositions are "about," "above," "across," "after,"
"against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below,"
"beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down,"
"during," "except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of,"
"off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through,"
"throughout," "till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up,"
"upon," "with," "within," and "without."
In each of the following sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space
or in time.
The book is on the table. The book is beneath the table. The book is leaning against
the table. The book is beside the table. She held the book over the table. She read
the book during class.

9. A conjunction joins words or phrases.
• Co-ordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)
You use a co-ordinating conjunction ("and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so,"
or "yet") to join individual words, phrases, and independent (can stand
alone) clauses. Note that you can also use the conjunctions "but" and
"for" as prepositions.
• Subordinating Conjunctions (WABU WABU WHAT SUITTT)
A subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause (cannot stand
alone) and indicates the nature of the relationship among the
independent clause(s) and the dependent clause(s).
The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although,"
"as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that,"
"though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether," and "while."
Activity: Make a fan with 6 panels. Write "and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so,"
and "yet" on each panel, respectively. Write a sentence using each conjunction
on the back of the panel with the word being used on the front of the panel.
Don’t forget to put a comma before the co-ordinating conjunction. Remember to
use a comma after the phrase containing a subordinating conjunction.