Hazard Identification, Evaluation and Suggestions for Managing the Hazards

1. Hazard Identification, Evaluation; and Suggestions for Managing the Hazards By Team –III Sudeep Panicker Sarjeevan Sainbhi Vishal Shukla

2. Hazard Identification

3. What is a hazard ? “A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm. According to OHSAS 18001:1999, hazard is a source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or illness health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these”. Hazard Identification

5. The concealed hazard is not apparent to the senses (e.g. electricity, presence of toxic vapors, or and high frequency noise).

6. The developing hazard cannot be recognised immediately and will develop over the time (e.g. a worn tire on a mobile crane or and frayed steel cables), and

9. Electrical;

10. Radiation;

11. Substances;

12. Fire and explosion;

13. Toxic release; and

16. Internal investigation of safety occurrences.

17. Safety occurrence trend analysis.

18. Information provided by personnel, from operational perspective and training.

20. Hazard Evaluation Understanding Human Error

21. Philosophy of Hazards Evaluation Focus: – Hazard Identification – Hazard Categorization – Hazard Evaluation Outcomes

22. Information Obtained in HE Process Facility Site information Buildings, structures, systems, components, design Process design Regulatory information Other Hazards Material hazards Process hazards External man-made hazards Natural phenomena hazards

24. Gather information

25. Identify hazards

26. Determine hazard category

27. Evaluate hazards

28. Postulate hazard scenarios

29. Estimate likelihood of occurrence

30. Evaluate potential consequences

31. Identify controls to prevent or mitigate

33. Types of Hazard Chemical hazards - lab chemicals, cleaning supplies, paints, solvents. Physical substances - heat, cold, radiation, noise. Biological substances - blood, body fluids, infectious agents. Indoor air quality- health effects experienced while working in campus buildings caused by airborne agents. Ergonomics - musculoskeletal disorders due to repetitive motions with poor positioning or excessive force.

34. Hazard Evaluation Techniques Checklist Analysis technique What-If Analysis technique Fault Tree Analysis technique & more…

35. Checklist Analysis Technique

36. What-if

37. Fault tree Analysis

38. Suggestions & Recommendations

39. RecommendationsPlant and Equipment safety Devices Fixed Guards should be mandatory for covering transmission parts Machine tool designers and manufacturers and user industry Similarly at some place where running points are involved Fixed/Adjustable/ Distance Guards are used. Machine tool designers and manufacturers and user industry

40. RecommendationsPlant and Equipment safety Devices Trip devices, actuated mechanically or by pressure sensitive strips should be adopted for CNC machines. Machinery manufacturers in consultation with manufacturers of such sensing devices Alternative techniques of keeping operator’s hand out of danger area need to be adopted like Awareness Barrier/Pull Back Barrier/ Two Hand control Device. Machine manufacturers / User departments in co-ordination with workers

41. RecommendationsEngineering Options Planning of the Machine Layout by taking into account safety management considerations, adequate space for removal of waste, access of maintenance work etc. Management of the Engineering Units The space constraint in Housekeeping leads to hazardous work conditions. In consultation with industrialists and worker safety experts suitable norms should be evolved for material storage, material movement, operator movement etc.

42. RecommendationsEngineering Options Proper foundation and use of Mounting Pads for reducing the vibration is recommended. User industry to implement recommendations of Machinery manufacturers for vibration For Noise reduction, fitment of a silencer, Distancing the noise emanating equipment from the main working area, Sound absorption media, etc. With the help of expert, noise level in area needs to be assessed and the noise generating machines should be isolated

43. RecommendationsEngineering Options Ventilation should be provided by considering air pollution as well as comfort angle in workshops – Welding/Painting/Heat Treatment Shops. The technique used may be Local Exhaust Proper foundation and use of Mounting Pads for reducing the vibration is recommended. With the help of expert, assessment of air quality in work area should be done and suitable system should be installed Assembly/Testing work stations should be designed to reduce operator fatigue as well as ill effect of bad posture. Similarly, lifting of heavy loads should be discouraged Help of experts should be taken by management for ergonomical design of work stations

44. RecommendationsEngineering Options To avoid human error, Permit Systems, Planned Maintenance, Training, Performance Monitoring and feedback, Health and Fitness Surveillance etc should be done. Safety Committee/Safety department of the organization For developing a self sustaining safety culture in the organization the commitment of top management is essential. Directors/Senior managers in organization

45. RecommendationsPersonnel Protection Equipments Different type of PPE’s are available: Safety Helmets/Welding Helmets Eye Spectacles/Eye Goggles/Face Shield Hand Gloves Safety Shoes Ear Plugs/Ear Muffs Body Clothing Waist Support Belts Dust Mask/Respirators Safety Committee/Safety department as well as management of the organization

46. RecommendationsPersonnel Protection Equipments Financial resource is one of the major bottlenecks for small and medium scale industries to invest in safety equipments. Safety systems should be encouraged by allowing suitable tax benefits : Central Government in consultation with State Government, Union Leaders and Engineering industry representatives

48. Few Area of improvement @ SPM, PDPU

49. Few Area of improvement @ SPM, PDPU

51. Thank You