3. Neuronal structures and structural proteins Transmission Electron Microscopy Shows the different organelles in the cytosol

4. Golgi complex Is responsible for most posttranslational modification

8. Microtubules grow in a helical fashion. Their growth is stopped by “capping” their growing end with GDP-bound tubulin. In the absence of MAPs or other stabilizeing proteins they depolymerize, disrupting the structure of the corresponding process MAP2: dendrites MAP3 and tau prot: axons

9. Map-2 staining in dendrites not axons

16. Microtubule Domains in the axon

17. Microtubules and actin filaments are the TRACK along which proteins and organelles are moved by molecular motors

19. Axonal transport Fast transport is two ways: from the soma to the terminal and viceversa Slow transport is only from the soma to the terminal Fast transport: organelles and functional proteins Slow transport: structural proteins

20. Fast axonal transport 410mm/day

22. Tubulin Clathrin Neurofilament Actin Slow axonal transport = 0.2-2.5mm/day

23. Both techniques are used by neuroanatomists for understanding the connectivity of the brain: anterograde and retrograde dyes

24. Inside the muscle similar proteins organize muscle spindles where information is sent using an axon for conveying somatosensory information

25. Similar proteins permit to study synapses between sensory neurons in the dorsal horn (red) and motor neurons in the ventral horn (green) of the spinal cord

26. Central neurons have a different morphology from spinal cord neurons: Pyramidal cells of the hippocampus

27. Spines can be considered as specialized organelles for performing spatially localized dendritic (input) functions

28. Dendritic Spines

31. http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/anim_innerlife_hi.html