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BASICS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

                 PRESENT TENSE BE,
                   DEMONSTRATIVES,
                POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES,
                 PRESENT CONTINOUS,
                       CAN,
                   PREPOSITIONS




              Presented by T.Sarantuya
PRESENT TENSE BE

   The verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE,
    which we have to use according to the pronoun
    or subject.
                      TO BE




    Occupations   Nouns       Adjectives   Places
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

Subject   Verb Form       Example

   I        AM         I am a teacher.

 You        ARE       You are a student.

  He         IS        He is in the lab.

 She         IS       She is my sister.

  It         IS           It is a city.

 We         ARE        We are friends.

 They       ARE       They are doctors.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES

You can make negative sentences similar to the
sentences before. The only different is to add NOT
after am, is, are, as you can see in the following
chart.




      She is not sad    They are not in the school
NEGATIVE SENTENCES

I am not             I`m not

He                   He`s not = He isn’t
She         is not   She’s not = She isn’t
It                   It’s not = It isn’t
We                   We’re not = We aren’t
You        are not   You’re not = You aren’t
They                 They’re not = They aren’t
YES / NO QUESTIONS

   In English we have to kind of questions:
    Yes/No questions and Wh-questions.
   The Yes / No Questions are called that
    because the answers always start with Yes
    or No
   Remember to answer Yes/No questions you
    have to pay attention to the subject.
YES / NO QUESTIONS

Affirmative Statement:   John and Peter are students.
Yes / No question:       Are John and Peter students?
Short Answers:           Yes, they are / No, they aren’t
Full /Complete           Yes, they are students. / No they
Answers:                 are not students.
Affirmative Statement:   Mary is tall and thin.
Yes / No question:         Is Mary tall and thin?
Short Answers:           Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
Full /Complete           Yes, she is tall and thin. / No, she
Answers:                 is not tall and thin
WH - QUESTIONS

   The wh-questions look for information
    accoding to the question word.
   In this kind of questions you never answer
    Yes or No, because they are asking for some
    information. The answer is a statement with
    the information according to the question
    word.
WH - QUESTIONS

Wh-word     Information                 Example
              about…
What      Things          What is this? It is a book.
          Name            What is your name? Bold.
          Occupations     What do you do? I am a driver.
          Activities      What is he doing? He’s working
Who       People          Who is the director of the school?
                          Urtnasan.
Where     Places          Where is he? In the house.
How       State           How are you? I am sad.
          Form / manner   How is mouse? It is small.
REVIEW
                          Negative
    Statement                                Yes/No Question           Short Answers
                         Statements
                                                                 Yes, you are / No, you
I am a teacher.     I am not a teacher.     Am I a teacher?
                                                                 are not
You are a           You are not a
                                            Are you a student?   Yes, I am / No, I am not
student.            student.
He is in the lab.   He is not in the lab.   Is he in the lab?    Yes, he is / No, he is not
                                                                 Yes, she is / No, she is
She is my sister.   She is not my sister.   Is she my sister?
                                                                 not
It is a city.       It is not a city.       Is it a city?        Yes, it is / No, it is not
                                                                 Yes, we are / No, we are
We are friends.     We are not friends.     Are we friends?
                                                                 not
They are            They are not                                 Yes, they are / No they
                                            Are they doctors?
doctors.            doctors.                                     are not
DEMONSTRATIVES

We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the speaker.




     This is a blackboard               These are papers

   THIS +Singular Nouns                  THESE + Plural Nouns
DEMONSTRATIVES

We use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far from the speakers.




    That is a lake.
                            THAT + Singular Nouns
    Those are mountains
                                              THOSE + Plural Nouns
DEMONSTRATIVES

                         Questions
 What is that?
That is an airplane.
 Is that a bird?
No, it is an airplane.

 What are those?
Those are books
 Are those books?
Yes, they are books.
PLURAL NOUNS

Noun ending      Forming the plural       Examples
s, x, ch or sh        Add -es         boss - bosses
                                      tax - taxes
                                      bush - bushes
consonant + y      Change y to i      fly - flies
                      then            try - tries
                    Add –es           curry – curries
 most others          Add -s          cat - cats
                                      face - faces
                                      day – days
IRREGULAR PLURAL

 Noun type      Forming the plural       Examples
Ends with -fe     Change f to v      knife - knives
                     then            life - lives
                    Add –s           wife - wives
Ends with –f      Change f to v      half - halves
                     then            wolf - wolves
                    Add –es          loaf - loaves
Ends with - o       Add –es          potato - potatoes
                                     tomato - tomatoes
                                     volcano -
                                     volcanoes
IRREGULAR PLURAL

Noun type    Forming the plural        Examples
ALL KINDS    Change the vowel     man - men
                    or            foot - feet
             Change the word      child - children
                    or            person - people
              Add a different     tooth - teeth
                  ending          mouse - mice
Unchanging   Singular and plural sheep
                are the same     deer
                                 fish (sometimes)
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

I      My
You    Your
He     His
She    Her     +
It     Its
We     Our
They   Their       NOUN
POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES




                              His shirt is new
Her pants are blue




                       This is her cat
   This is our house
POSSESSIVE FORM ‘S




Kevin’s wife is Rose.
                                     Charlie’s book is black.
His wife is Rose.




                        The Child’s mother is happy
PREPOSITION OF PLACE

IN (дотор)                    In the house    in a shop
                              In a room       in a town
                              In a car        in a garden
ON (гадаргуу дээр)            On a shelf   on a wall
                              On a plate   on the table
                              On a balcony on a door
AT (-т, д. at home-гэртээ )   At the bus station at home
                              At the door      at the top
                              At work          at the end of
PRESENT CONTINOUS

   The present continous      Subject BE   -ING
    tense is used to                        FORM
    describe activities that
                               I      Am    Singing
    happen now, that
    means activities that      He
    are develop in the         She    Is    Singing
    moment of speaking         It
                               We
                               You    Are   Singing
                               They
PRESENT CONTINOUS

 AFFIRMATIVE            NEGATIVE          YES/NO QUESTIONS
I am dancing      I am not dancing        Am I dancing?
You are eating    You are not eating      Are you eating?

He is sleeping    He is not sleeping      Is he sleeping?

She is reading    She is not reading      Is she reading?

It is running     It is not running       Is it running?

We are walking    We are not walking      Are we walking?

They are studying They are not studying   Are they studying?
RULES
                    How to make the -ING
Verb ending in...           form               Examples

  1 vowel + 1       Double the consonant,   swim - swimming
  consonant            then add –ING        hit - hitting
                                            get – getting
  1 vowel + 1       Remove E, then add –    come - coming
consonant + E-          INGcome             lose - losing
                                            live – living
[anything else]          Add –ING           say - saying
                                            go - going
                                            walk - walking
CAN / CAN’T

   Can is used to show ability




                  He can’t play the piano   He can play football
They can dance




        He can swim                             He can skate
NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS

                                      YES/NO
AFFIRMATIVE         NEGATIVE                              SHORT ANSWERS
                                     QUESTIONS
I can cook      I can not cook      Can I cook?       Yes, you can / No,you can´t

You can dance You can not dance Can you dance?        Yes I can / No I can’t

He can play     He can not play     Can he play?      Yes, he can / No, he can`t

She can swim    She can not swim    Can she swim?     Yes, she can / No, she can’t

It can run      It can not run      Can it run?       Yes, it can / No, it can’t

We can sing     We can not sing     Can we sing?      Yes, we can / No, we can’t
                                                      Yes, they can / No, they
They can walk   They can not walk   Can they walk ?
                                                      can’t

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Basics of-english-grammar

  • 1. BASICS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR  PRESENT TENSE BE, DEMONSTRATIVES, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES, PRESENT CONTINOUS,  CAN,  PREPOSITIONS Presented by T.Sarantuya
  • 2. PRESENT TENSE BE  The verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE, which we have to use according to the pronoun or subject. TO BE Occupations Nouns Adjectives Places
  • 3. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES Subject Verb Form Example I AM I am a teacher. You ARE You are a student. He IS He is in the lab. She IS She is my sister. It IS It is a city. We ARE We are friends. They ARE They are doctors.
  • 4. NEGATIVE SENTENCES You can make negative sentences similar to the sentences before. The only different is to add NOT after am, is, are, as you can see in the following chart. She is not sad They are not in the school
  • 5. NEGATIVE SENTENCES I am not I`m not He He`s not = He isn’t She is not She’s not = She isn’t It It’s not = It isn’t We We’re not = We aren’t You are not You’re not = You aren’t They They’re not = They aren’t
  • 6. YES / NO QUESTIONS  In English we have to kind of questions: Yes/No questions and Wh-questions.  The Yes / No Questions are called that because the answers always start with Yes or No  Remember to answer Yes/No questions you have to pay attention to the subject.
  • 7. YES / NO QUESTIONS Affirmative Statement: John and Peter are students. Yes / No question: Are John and Peter students? Short Answers: Yes, they are / No, they aren’t Full /Complete Yes, they are students. / No they Answers: are not students. Affirmative Statement: Mary is tall and thin. Yes / No question: Is Mary tall and thin? Short Answers: Yes, she is / No, she isn’t Full /Complete Yes, she is tall and thin. / No, she Answers: is not tall and thin
  • 8. WH - QUESTIONS  The wh-questions look for information accoding to the question word.  In this kind of questions you never answer Yes or No, because they are asking for some information. The answer is a statement with the information according to the question word.
  • 9. WH - QUESTIONS Wh-word Information Example about… What Things What is this? It is a book. Name What is your name? Bold. Occupations What do you do? I am a driver. Activities What is he doing? He’s working Who People Who is the director of the school? Urtnasan. Where Places Where is he? In the house. How State How are you? I am sad. Form / manner How is mouse? It is small.
  • 10. REVIEW Negative Statement Yes/No Question Short Answers Statements Yes, you are / No, you I am a teacher. I am not a teacher. Am I a teacher? are not You are a You are not a Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I am not student. student. He is in the lab. He is not in the lab. Is he in the lab? Yes, he is / No, he is not Yes, she is / No, she is She is my sister. She is not my sister. Is she my sister? not It is a city. It is not a city. Is it a city? Yes, it is / No, it is not Yes, we are / No, we are We are friends. We are not friends. Are we friends? not They are They are not Yes, they are / No they Are they doctors? doctors. doctors. are not
  • 11. DEMONSTRATIVES We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the speaker. This is a blackboard These are papers THIS +Singular Nouns THESE + Plural Nouns
  • 12. DEMONSTRATIVES We use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far from the speakers. That is a lake. THAT + Singular Nouns Those are mountains THOSE + Plural Nouns
  • 13. DEMONSTRATIVES Questions  What is that? That is an airplane.  Is that a bird? No, it is an airplane.  What are those? Those are books  Are those books? Yes, they are books.
  • 14. PLURAL NOUNS Noun ending Forming the plural Examples s, x, ch or sh Add -es boss - bosses tax - taxes bush - bushes consonant + y Change y to i fly - flies then try - tries Add –es curry – curries most others Add -s cat - cats face - faces day – days
  • 15. IRREGULAR PLURAL Noun type Forming the plural Examples Ends with -fe Change f to v knife - knives then life - lives Add –s wife - wives Ends with –f Change f to v half - halves then wolf - wolves Add –es loaf - loaves Ends with - o Add –es potato - potatoes tomato - tomatoes volcano - volcanoes
  • 16. IRREGULAR PLURAL Noun type Forming the plural Examples ALL KINDS Change the vowel man - men or foot - feet Change the word child - children or person - people Add a different tooth - teeth ending mouse - mice Unchanging Singular and plural sheep are the same deer fish (sometimes)
  • 17. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES I My You Your He His She Her + It Its We Our They Their NOUN
  • 18. POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES His shirt is new Her pants are blue This is her cat This is our house
  • 19. POSSESSIVE FORM ‘S Kevin’s wife is Rose. Charlie’s book is black. His wife is Rose. The Child’s mother is happy
  • 20. PREPOSITION OF PLACE IN (дотор) In the house in a shop In a room in a town In a car in a garden ON (гадаргуу дээр) On a shelf on a wall On a plate on the table On a balcony on a door AT (-т, д. at home-гэртээ ) At the bus station at home At the door at the top At work at the end of
  • 21. PRESENT CONTINOUS  The present continous Subject BE -ING tense is used to FORM describe activities that I Am Singing happen now, that means activities that He are develop in the She Is Singing moment of speaking It We You Are Singing They
  • 22. PRESENT CONTINOUS AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE YES/NO QUESTIONS I am dancing I am not dancing Am I dancing? You are eating You are not eating Are you eating? He is sleeping He is not sleeping Is he sleeping? She is reading She is not reading Is she reading? It is running It is not running Is it running? We are walking We are not walking Are we walking? They are studying They are not studying Are they studying?
  • 23. RULES How to make the -ING Verb ending in... form Examples 1 vowel + 1 Double the consonant, swim - swimming consonant then add –ING hit - hitting get – getting 1 vowel + 1 Remove E, then add – come - coming consonant + E- INGcome lose - losing live – living [anything else] Add –ING say - saying go - going walk - walking
  • 24. CAN / CAN’T  Can is used to show ability He can’t play the piano He can play football They can dance He can swim He can skate
  • 25. NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS YES/NO AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS I can cook I can not cook Can I cook? Yes, you can / No,you can´t You can dance You can not dance Can you dance? Yes I can / No I can’t He can play He can not play Can he play? Yes, he can / No, he can`t She can swim She can not swim Can she swim? Yes, she can / No, she can’t It can run It can not run Can it run? Yes, it can / No, it can’t We can sing We can not sing Can we sing? Yes, we can / No, we can’t Yes, they can / No, they They can walk They can not walk Can they walk ? can’t