flouridation,community Dentistry

1. Dr. A. Ahad Shafique
LCMD

2. By the end of this lecture you shall know:-
What is fluoridation
Optimal levels of Fluoride
Caries Reduction through Fluoride

3.  Fluoridation is the controlled addition of
fluoride in the general drinking water supply
to a level that caries can be prevented and
________ can be avoided??

4.  Similarly another process in which fluoride is
removed form the water supply as it is
excessive in amount. This is done on those
areas where water is highly rich fluoride and
may lead to dental as well as skeletal
fluorosis.

5.  Fluoride in water is normally measured as
PPM (parts per million) which is also the same
unit as Mg/L (milligram per litre).

6.  1 PPM will be ?????

7. The level of fluoride in drinking water depends
upon the area wise temperature.
A person living in hot climate regions will tend
to drink more water compared to one living in
cold regions. So therefore there is a range

8. Normally when fluoridation is done it is done in
accordance to the season or temperature
zone wise.
Use of fluoridated water in making soda is also
common.

9. WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE
FLUORIDATION STATUS IN SIBI COMPARED TO
THAT OF NARAN

10.  The world health organization has
recommended a range for the optimal level of
F in the water supply which is 0.5-1.0 ppm of
F for all the parts of the world.

11. Fluoride contaminated drinking water is a global problem affecting more
than 25 nations and over 200 million people globally. The present study
was aimed to determine the fluoride concentration in the drinking water
of certain areas of Lahore (Manga Mandi, Ali Razaabad, Nawab town,
Patoki, Multan road, Judicial colony, Dubai town, Mustafa town) and its
relationship to dental fluorosis. A total of 300 patients with dental
fluorosis were seen and dental fluorosis was observed using Dean’s
index. Forty eight samples of drinking water from the patients
presenting clinical dental fluorosis were collected randomly. Fluoride
concentration in the drinking water was determined through the
courtesy of Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR)
using SPADNS method and fluorosis was determined by using Dean’s
index. The results show that all the patients with dental fluorosis were
living in areas where fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged
from 0.27 ppm to 7.4 ppm. It was concluded that dental fluorosis seen
in patients was directly proportional to the fluoride concentration in their
drinking water. This indicates that dental fluorosis is the result of high
fluoride in the body and it can affect teeth, bones as well as other
tissues resulting in serious illness. It should be taken seriously by the
concerned authorities to save humanity from the detrimental effects of
fluoride. Serious measures are needed for providing clean drinking water
to inhabitants of the area.

12.  Across the world water fluoridation has been
taken into considerations.
 But unfortunately there is no central
governing authority that is responsible for
the collection of data associated with the
identification of the areas which are
fluoridated and which needs to be fluoridated

13.  Ireland is one of those countries in the world
which has implemented fluoridation laws
similarly Singapore is the only city which has
laws in regards to fluoridation

14.  What do you think that what should be the
level of fluoride in the drinking water that it
might lead to dental fluorosis??

15.  Caries status among the society has tend to
improve and this can be attributed to the
fluoridation.
 As per Centre for disease Control (CDC) water
Fluoridation is one of the 10th top public
health achievement of the twentieth century.

16.  Disparities can be defined as the differences
between favoured and unfavoured groups in
our society.
 What are these groups?

17.  Fluoridation of drinking water is one of those
public health achievements which have
helped in reducing the disparities in the
society.
 SES

18.  It has been observed that caries in children
seem to be reduced in children residing in
fluoridated areas when compared to those
residing in unfluoridated areas.
 A study based in USA suggested that there is
8-35% decrease in caries in children residing
in the areas which are fluoridated.

19.  The studies have suggested that adults
residing in the areas which are fluoridated
have less risk of coronal and root caries
 This is very important as with age people
have increased chances of root caries.

20.  What do you think will happen to a fetus if a
mother takes fluoridated water???

21.  No effects have been observed
 However of the concentration of fluoride is
high than there might be a problem with the
bone formation

22.  Studies have suggested that primary dentition
are less prone to caries when fluoridated
water is used for drinking purpose.
 Is is beneficial or not?

23.  The optimal level of Fluoride in drinking
water should be???
 What if the values are below like 0.4-0.7??
 What will happen?

24.  Evidence suggests that cariostatic effect will
be seen.
 This suggests that if I have a carious lesion in
my oral cavity what will happen??

25.  Studies suggest that caries incidence will
increase
 What do you think will happen??

26.  If it is still declining what will be the reason
behind it??
 Alternatives