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Communicating With Others
   By: Fernando Dominguez
Table of Contents
•   What is Communication?
•   Transmission Model of Communication
•   Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
•   Communication Environments
•   Defining Argumentative Communication
•   Goals of Argumentation
•   Threshold
What is Communication?



• Communication is when one or
  more people send and receive a message.
• The messages are distorted by noise, occur in context,
  have an effect, and allow feedback.
• The message goes through a process of sender,
  encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and
  feedback.
Transmission Model of Communication



• The sender is the source of message and the person
  sending the message.
• The message is then encoded by the sender, where
  there’s a selection of verbal/nonverbal selection of
  how to send the message. Represents the actual idea
  and thought.
• After encoding, the message is then finally sent
  containing composition and grammar.
Transmission Models of
           Communication (Cont.)
• Channel is the medium in which the message is past.
  Our channels of communicating are our five senses.
• The message is then acknowledged by the receiver.
  The receiver is the audience that the message was
  intended for.
• Once the message is received, it is then decoded.
• Decoding is the ability to translate the message into
  symbols that the receiver can comprehend. A message
  can be decoded based on the amount of noise.
• Once the message is decoded, the receiver must then
  send feedback or information back to the sender.
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication



• Verbal Communicating is communication that uses
  language such as words, numbers, or symbols.
• Verbal communication is 9% writing, 16% reading, 30%
  speaking, and 45% listening.
• Nonverbal Communication takes place when a
  message is sent through non-linguistic ways.
• Nonverbal communication is body language, facial
  expressions, and eye contact.
Communication Environments
• There are five communication environments: intrapersonal,
  interpersonal, small group, community, and mass.
• Intrapersonal communication is when you communicate
  with yourself. It could be thinking or talking to yourself.
• Interpersonal communication is taken place when a couple
  of people are communicating.
• Small group communication takes place in a conversation
  between three or more people.
• Community communication is communication between
  fifth teen or more people.
• Mass communication is communication transmitted by the
  media. For example, newspapers, radio, and television.
Defining Argumentative
               Communication



• An argument is caused by a disagreement or confusion in
  the message.
• Some argument are easy to resolve and require little
  thought or have an authority figure to resolve it.
• However, some arguments are more difficult to resolve and
  require some thought or a type of value.
• This is when communication and argumentation take
  action.
Goals of Argumentation
• The goals of argumentation are to find not the
  truth but an argument that is valid.
• Truth is the complete accuracy of propositions,
  statements, or sentences.
• Arguing over the truth promotes dogmatism,
  which discourages constructive argumentation.
• Validity is the strength of the conclusion and
  supports the argument being made.
• Arguing for the most valid position promoted open-
  mindedness which encourages constructive
  argumentation.
Threshold
• Threshold is the degree of validity and
  certainty which helps the audience made a
  decision.
• The continuum of argumentative certainty
  helps people determine the validity.
• Here is an example of the continuum.

  0%------25%------50%------75%------99%
     Opinion   Assertion   Inference   Fact

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Speech101 powerpoint

  • 1. Communicating With Others By: Fernando Dominguez
  • 2. Table of Contents • What is Communication? • Transmission Model of Communication • Verbal and Nonverbal Communication • Communication Environments • Defining Argumentative Communication • Goals of Argumentation • Threshold
  • 3. What is Communication? • Communication is when one or more people send and receive a message. • The messages are distorted by noise, occur in context, have an effect, and allow feedback. • The message goes through a process of sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback.
  • 4. Transmission Model of Communication • The sender is the source of message and the person sending the message. • The message is then encoded by the sender, where there’s a selection of verbal/nonverbal selection of how to send the message. Represents the actual idea and thought. • After encoding, the message is then finally sent containing composition and grammar.
  • 5. Transmission Models of Communication (Cont.) • Channel is the medium in which the message is past. Our channels of communicating are our five senses. • The message is then acknowledged by the receiver. The receiver is the audience that the message was intended for. • Once the message is received, it is then decoded. • Decoding is the ability to translate the message into symbols that the receiver can comprehend. A message can be decoded based on the amount of noise. • Once the message is decoded, the receiver must then send feedback or information back to the sender.
  • 6. Verbal and Nonverbal Communication • Verbal Communicating is communication that uses language such as words, numbers, or symbols. • Verbal communication is 9% writing, 16% reading, 30% speaking, and 45% listening. • Nonverbal Communication takes place when a message is sent through non-linguistic ways. • Nonverbal communication is body language, facial expressions, and eye contact.
  • 7. Communication Environments • There are five communication environments: intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, community, and mass. • Intrapersonal communication is when you communicate with yourself. It could be thinking or talking to yourself. • Interpersonal communication is taken place when a couple of people are communicating. • Small group communication takes place in a conversation between three or more people. • Community communication is communication between fifth teen or more people. • Mass communication is communication transmitted by the media. For example, newspapers, radio, and television.
  • 8. Defining Argumentative Communication • An argument is caused by a disagreement or confusion in the message. • Some argument are easy to resolve and require little thought or have an authority figure to resolve it. • However, some arguments are more difficult to resolve and require some thought or a type of value. • This is when communication and argumentation take action.
  • 9. Goals of Argumentation • The goals of argumentation are to find not the truth but an argument that is valid. • Truth is the complete accuracy of propositions, statements, or sentences. • Arguing over the truth promotes dogmatism, which discourages constructive argumentation. • Validity is the strength of the conclusion and supports the argument being made. • Arguing for the most valid position promoted open- mindedness which encourages constructive argumentation.
  • 10. Threshold • Threshold is the degree of validity and certainty which helps the audience made a decision. • The continuum of argumentative certainty helps people determine the validity. • Here is an example of the continuum. 0%------25%------50%------75%------99% Opinion Assertion Inference Fact