2. Expected quality of CSC Project
•Innovative, simple and practical
•An outcome of a team work
•Based on exploration of everyday life situations
•Either survey or observation or experimentation-based
or a combination of all these
•An analysis based on scientific methodology to provide a definite
output
•An attempt to take on a problem directly related or linked to society at
the local level
•With definite follow-up plans
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5. Fundamentals
On the basis of existing knowledge, experience & skill
Start with
•Questioning,
•Designing an independent investigation,
•Collecting information,
•Evaluating accuracy & reliability,
•Organizing information
•Working with model and simulation,
•Drawing conclusion and giving explanation.
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6. How to go about ?
Guiding principle
Learning through doing
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9. Where to start
From what is known to what is unknown
From something that is concrete then to one that is abstract
From general and move on to particular
From observation and then to theory
From something simple before making it complex
With an overview before introducing details.
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10. SMART approach
S - Specific - in Title, Problems, Study Area,
Method and content
M - Measurable - problem (in quantitative or
qualitative terms)
A - Appropriate - in terms of objectives and methods,
in relation to the problem,
educational level, age, situation
R - Realistic - in terms of problems, methods,
objectives conclusion and
suggestions including follow-up
activities
T - Time-bound - Define the time frame.
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11. Steps of Activities
• Formation of Group
• Choosing a Guide
• Selection of a problem
• Selection of study area
• Review of reference – books, journals
etc.
• Survey and experiment
• Scrutiny, compilation, analysis of
collected data/information
• Preparation of Report
• Follow-up initiatives.
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12. Tips for Survey based study
• Defining Universe of study
• Designing sample frame
• Decision on Sample size
• Selection of sample
• Tools of data collection – questionnaire/schedule/
observation note/observation documents/etc.
• Scrutiny of collected data/information
• Compilation and analysis data
• Presentation in Table/Chart
• Depicting pattern and relation, etc.
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13. Tips for Experiment based study
• Observation
• Questioning
• Formulation of Hypothesis
• Testing in relation to control
• Documentation of experimental data
• Analysis of data
• Depicting pattern and realtion
• Conclusion or inference
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15. Salient Features of a good study
• Proper understanding on the issues of studies,
definition of the problem undertaken for study;
• Quality and Quantity of work, including team
work, learning process, subject understanding
and efforts to validate the data collected;
• Relevance of the study in the context of
community/ neighbourhood;
• Originality, innovation and creativity shown to
understand the problem and find the solution ,
( including the methodology and experiment design )
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16. Some of the important driving forces
1 Fairness and accuracy:
Factual accuracy,
Balanced presentation of differing
viewpoints and theories ,
Openness to inquiry ,
Reflection of diversity .
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17. 2. Depth:
Awareness ( of natural & built environment),
Focus on concepts ( environment & sustainability),
Concepts in context (conditions & issues)
Attention to different scales (local,regional,national
& global).
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18. 3 . Emphasis on skills building:
Critical and creative thinking
Applying skills to issues
Action skills .
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20. 6. Usability :
Clarity and logic,
Easy to use,
Long lived,
Adaptable,
Make substantiated claims,
Fit with national, state, or local requirements.
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22. INTRODUCTION
Title should be informative, specific, concise,
understandable and self-explanatory
The introduction should have
Relevant background information
Need statement focusing on the overall issue,
problem, or core / research question
One or two but not more than three paragraphs
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23. AIMS & OBJECTIVES
Should define very specifically
Why this project has been selected?
How this problem / issue would be
addressed?
Keeping in mind that there is
Limited time period and
Limited localized geographical area
Avoid repeating introduction
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24. HYPOTHESIS
In one or two statements, hypothesis should
give an idea,
based on known facts that has not yet been
proven,
about the problem selected
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25. WORK PLAN
It should be schematic form or as a flow
chart, preferably with time schedules
It might get deviated from schedule due to
unforeseen circumstances, but having such
a guideline always help
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26. METHODOLOGY
After work plan, decide upon method of research
in proposed work;
survey, observation, and/or experimentation
Survey
Involves using questionnaire for data collection
Questions should be specific
On an average 20 relevant questions should be
asked
Sample size 50 – 100 people should be included in
the study Page 26
27. RESULTS
Results are the presentation of data collected
during survey, observation and / or
experimentation
Presentation could either be in the form of
charts, graphs, maps, figures or tables etc
Should be simple to understand
Results only describe and not interpret
findings
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28. DATA ANALYSIS
Data presented under the results are
analyzed, using principles of mathematics
Here only analysis part is shown
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29. CONCLUSION
Based on the data analysis, final opinion
derived, after completing the project, is
what forms the conclusion
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30. SOLUTION
Since the problem selected is socially
relevant, this part will highlight how the
findings influence or have an impact on
the society at large
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31. FUTURE PLANS
For taking the work further, from where it
has been concluded, future plans provide
stepwise guidelines
It shows that the problem undertaken is
open-ended
It ascertains continuity of efforts, gives sense
of commitment
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32. PROJECT IDEA
MONITORING WEATHER THROUGH MINI
WEATHER STATION
MATERIALS REQUIRED
• TWO ORDINARY ALCOHOL THERMOMETER
• ONE FUNNEL
• ONE MEASURING CYLINDER
•ONE CONVEX LENS
•ONE ORDINARY SCALE
•TWO RUBBER BALLS
• BAMBOO/WOOD/PLASTIC STICK
www.expressgrp.com Page 32
33. METHODOLOGY
• THROUGH ONE ALCOHOL THERMOMETER, THE
CHILDREN CAN MEASURE THE TEMPERATURE AT
DIFFERENT INTERVALS AND KEEP RECORD OF THAT.
• BY PUTTING A SMALL PECE OF WICK OR THIN COTTON
CLOTH OVER THE THERMOMETER BULB AFTER
SOAKING IN WATER THEY CAN MEASURE THE
RELATIVE HUMIDITY.
• THEN A RAIN GAUGE CAN BE PREPARED BY PUTTING A
FUNEL OVER A MEASURING CYLINDER, RAIN DROPS
FALLING ON THE FUNNEL WILL BE COLLECTED IN THE
CYLINDER. MEASURE THE AREA OF THE FUNNEL AND
CALCULATE THE RAIN PER UNIT AREA IN THAT PLACE
DURING A PARTICULAR PERIOD.
www.expressgrp.com Page 33
34. • THEN WITH A HELP OF A CONVEX LENS TRY TO MAKE A
BURN SPOT ON A PIECE OF PAPER, NOTE THE TIME REQUIRED
FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPOT AND THE DISTANCE OF THE
LENS FROM THE PAPER (THIS IS THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THE
LENS) ON ANY SUNNY DAY. TAKE BURN SPOTS ON SIMILAR
PAPER AT DIFFERENT TIME PLACING THE LENS OVER THE
PAPER AT DIFFERENT TIME PLACING THE LENS OVER THE
PAPER AT THE SAME DISTANCE FOR SAME TIME. THE SIZE OF
THE BURN WILL GIVE YOU INDIRECT MEASURE OF
INTENSITY OF SUNSHINE.
• NOW MAKE A WIND MEASURING INSTRUMENT BY TWO
BALLS INTO HALVES FIXING THEM AT THE END OF A CROSS
MADE OF BAMBOO/WOOD/PLASTIC STICK AND MAKE
SUITABLE DEVICE FOR FREE ROTATION OF THE CROSS. BY
NOTING HE ROTATION PER UNIT TIME, THE WIND SPEED CAN
BE MEASURED..
www.expressgrp.com Page 34
35. APPLICATION
•STUDY THE CORRELATION AMONG DIFERENT PARAMETERS
OF WEATHER (TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY,
INTENSITY OF SUNSHINE, AIRFLOW) FROM THE DATA
OBTAINED IN THE MINI WEATHER MONITORING STATION
AND ALSO WITH THE SECONDARY DATA COLLECTED FROM
WEATHER STATION, WEATHER REPORT FROM
NEWSPAPER/RADIO/TV, COMPARE THE PREDICTED AND
ACTUAL WEATHER CONDITIONS.
• STUDY THE GENERAL WEATHER PARAMETERS IN
DIFFERENT PLACES (FOR EXAMPLE FOREST AREA,
AGRICULTURAL FIELD, INDUSTRIAL AREA, URBAN
RESIDENTIAL AREA) AND TRY TO CORRELATE THE WEATHER
CONDITIONS WITH THE SURROUNDING CONDITION.
www.expressgrp.com Page 35
36. LOG BOOK
This is one of the most important but
neglected written documents
It is the mirror reflecting activity
Provides all the answers related to the
project
Covers minute to minute recordings,
mentioned on daily basis, successes and
failures, contacts and impressions
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37. Dr. Narendra K. Shegal, Awarded by the Kalinga Foundation &
Former Head of RVPSP, DST, Govt. of India
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