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Action Research Proposal

Differentiated Instruction
Action Research Proposal

Samantha Munks-Folty
EDD/581: Action Research and Evaluation
December 23, 2013
Elizabeth Ashley

1
Introduction
Differentiated Instruction helps students achieve
objectives through their academic level and learning
style. To be able to properly differentiate lessons,
teachers must be trained in the various ways. Through
teaching the educators on how to properly
differentiate instruction through lesson plans and
hands-on activities the implementation has a better
chance of taking place. The teachers must be able to
see other professionals differentiate instruction, and
be observed themselves. In this action research
proposal, the how, why, when, who, and what will be
answered. The way data is collected will also be
Section One: Background
Problem Statement
4

The problem is that Differentiated Instruction is not
taking place in the General Education setting to
boost student’s knowledge and test scores. Once
the problem is narrowed down then an
intervention will be implemented into the general
education classroom to improve student’s
knowledge and in result their test scores.
Problem Description
5

The main problem in the district is that some students who are in general education are
falling more and more behind each year in their academics. Those specific students
have been identified as having some learning difficulties and are on the RTI (Response
to Intervention) Tier 2. This Tier is where students are to receive intervention in the
general education classroom. What better way then through Differentiated Instruction,
which will boost their knowledge in the content area through their academic level and
learning style. Which in turn will increase their test scores. Here are some problems that
may occur:
The biggest difficulty I may encounter is teacher’s not being willing to participate in the
study, because of the added work to each lesson. Since there are more than one way of
demonstrating a lesson in small groups, the teachers may be hesitant.


The main reasons the problem has not been addressed is:





Lack of knowledge and practice of Differentiated Instruction implementation on
the teacher’s part.



Extra work for the teacher to plan the lessons on different levels and learning
styles.

The reason Action Research is being used to address the problem is to show the
teachers how to Differentiate Instruction hand on. Also to enlighten them how this will
capture the student’s attention and boost the student’s knowledge.

Purpose of the Project
6

This Action Research Project has two purposes:
1) to enhance teacher’s knowledge on how to use
Differentiated Instruction in the General Education
Setting and 2) to strengthen student’s knowledge
in a specific content area through their academic
level by using their specific learning style(s); which
will increase test scores.
Writer’s Role
7

I relate to this topic of Differentiated Instruction because I am the
Instructional Special Education Teacher and RTI Teacher for our
middle school. I have seen many more students being added to the
RTI list because of their low test scores in reading and math. I see
teachers not understanding that students who are on the Tier 2 of the
RTI triangle are not to be getting intervention outside the classroom.
Intervention on this tier must happen inside the general education
classroom, and many teachers are unsure of how to differentiated
instruction based on academic level through their learning style. I
picked this topic because I have seen the struggle in our students and
teachers. I use Differentiated Instruction in my classroom on a daily
basis, and I want to share my knowledge with my co-workers. In turn
this will enhance our test scores, and lessen our RTI list. I have many
teacher’s coming to me asking me ways to differentiate their current
lesson, and I walk them through it. I have influenced others to
differentiate their instruction and feel that I can reach and influence the
ones who are hesitate.
Section Two: Problem
Documentation
9

Differentiated Instruction Survey
Instrument


The following survey instrument has been designed to
assess the feelings and knowledge on Differentiated
Instruction. For the purposes of this survey
“Differentiated Instruction” is being defined as providing
different students with different avenues to learning! The
survey instrument, composed of ten (10) questions
about Differentiated Instruction. It will look at their
current knowledge of Differentiated Instruction, if it is
being implemented in their school, how well prepared
they feel they are, if they have enough materials, and if
they are interested in more professional development.
This data will be collected and a plan will be put into
place on how to help the teacher’s out with
Action Research Proposal
Differentiated Instruction.
10

Who will take the survey &
why…
Who?





Why?

Teachers
 General Education
 Special Education
 FACs, Physical
Education,
Administration
Specialty Professionals
 Social workers
 Speech Therapists





Teachers (general & special education)
are with the children inside an academic
setting day in and day out. FAC and
Physical Education teachers are with the
students almost everyday, and at times
have tests, notes, and discussions that
students might benefit from if lessons are
differentiated.
Administration will be surveyed because
they are the leaders of the school, and
make important decisions that effect
student learning.

The specialty professionals will be tested,
because they see specific students who
have different needs, too. They need to be
informed on differentiated instruction for
their group sessions to be successful.
Action Research Proposal

Differentiated Instruction Research Survey…Differentiated
Instruction involves providing different students with different
avenues to learning! Please fill out the survey to the best of your
knowledge and be honest.
11

1. What is your position in the district?
Paraprofessional Teacher Administrator
Specialty Teacher Administration Secretary

6. Have you been given the adequate training on
how to properly differentiate instruction?
Low Level
Medium Level
High Level

2. Are you aware of the different methods of
differentiating instruction?
No
Sort of
Yes

7. Differentiated Instruction would improve the
student's understanding of the objectives and test
scores.
Low Level
Medium Level
High Level

3. Differentiated Instruction is taking place in the
general education classrooms in your district
with fidelity.
No
Sort of
Yes

8. There is enough resources in your district/school
to properly implement differentiated instruction.
Low Level

4. Implementation of differentiated instruction is
a problem in your district
Low Level
Medium Level
High Level
5. How comfortable do you feel with
Differentiated Instruction methods?
Low Level
Medium Level
High Level

Medium Level

High Level

9. Common Core makes Differentiated Instruction
implementation easier.
No
Sort of
Yes
10. Would you be interested in more professional
development sessions on differentiated
instruction?
No
Maybe
Yes

Survey can also be found at: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/QZHKZKX
13
22 responded to the
survey within the district
schools. These
responders range from
Pre-K to 8th Grade
teachers,
paraprofessionals,
and administrators.
Out of the 22 who
responded:
3 were paraprofessionals
11 were teachers
4 were administrators.

(The numbers next to the
words on the Y axis are
corresponding with the
question numbers on
previous slide.)
13

Literature Research
Study 1
14

Authors of
the study

Title of the
study

Purpose of the
study

Pertinent findings
that support your
project

Dominique Bondley

How will
Differentiated
Instruction affect
student learning?

To meet students where they
currently are and help them
progress. All academic levels
will be addressed in the class
according to their learning
process.

Through this study helps assure
that there is a need for
differentiated instruction in any
given math group. The findings
showed there is growth when
there are assignments geared to
the student interest and learning
levels.

http://yourspace.minotstateu.edu/laurie.geller/Capstone%20Examples/Final%20Capstone%20Projects/Dominique%20Bondley%20Capstone%20Project.pdf
Study 2
15

Authors of
the study

Title of the
study

Purpose of the
study

Pertinent findings
that support your
project

Jamie Danzi
Kelly Reul
Rana Smith

Improving student
motivation in mixed
ability classrooms
using differentiated
instruction

Through the student’s learning
style they will increase
motivation to the mixed abilities
in the class.

The information that is provided
is inline with the problems that lay
within my district. There is a mix
of class demographics and grade
levels that shows that all levels
need differentiated instruction.
Through the implementation the
students were able to progress.

http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED500838.pdf
Study 3
16

Authors of
the study

Title of the
study

Purpose of the
study

Pertinent findings
that support your
project

Jason Galvas

Does the use of
differentiated
performance tasks
following Gardner’s
multiple intelligences
theory improve
my high school
science students’
opportunity to
demonstrate their
achievement?

The purpose of this study was to
determine if using Gardner’s
Multiple Intelligences would
improve the student’s
achievement.

Using Gardner’s multiple
intelligences to differentiate
instruction proves to be a
sufficient way to get kids
motivated and caring about what
they learn. Even having older
students being aware of their
learning style helps them take
control of their learning, and how
they want to demonstrate their
knowledge.

https://research.vancouver.wsu.edu/sites/research.vancouver.wsu.edu/files/702%20Galvas%20w%3A1%
20app.pdf
Study 4
17

Authors of
the study

Title of the
study

Purpose of the
study

Pertinent findings
that support your
project

Terri Lynn Kirley

Differentiated
instruction and
enrichment
opportunities: An
Action Research
Report

The purpose of this study was to
reflect on teaching practices and
explore the benefits of
Differentiated Instruction.

This study shows that many
teacher’s don’t have the correct
practice of different instruction,
and how we need to be properly
trained. This study showed how to
differentiate instruction in a
reading class for not just one
student but a variety. Many times
math is the concentration for
differentiated, but reading is just
as important if not more.

http://oar.nipissingu.ca/pdfs/v833e.pdf
Study 5
18

Authors of
the study

Title of the
study

Purpose of the
study

Pertinent findings
that support your
project

Shondra Denise
James

Does Differentiated
Instruction Raise
Student Performance
in Mathematics: An
Action Research
Study

The purpose of this study was to
determine if an intervention in a
2nd grade math class was
successful then could it be
implemented and adjusted to
other grade levels.

The findings in this study
strengthens my believe in using
learning styles, hand on, and
student interests to drive
instruction.

http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/
1461413137
Study 6
19

Authors of
the study

Title of the
study

Purpose of the
study

Pertinent findings
that support your
project

Gretchen Kelly

Differentiated
Instruction in the
Classroom

The purpose of this study was to
compare whole group instruction
and differentiated instruction to
define which strategy was more
effective to increase low
achievement in a middle grade
classroom.

My concentration will be for math
and reading in a low
income/achieving middle school.
This study shows how hands on
activities can be for older
students, and can increase student
motivation and understanding of
the concepts.

http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/
1424274598
Study 7
20

Authors of
the study

Title of the
study

Purpose of the
study

Pertinent findings
that support your
project

Carol Ann Tomlinson

The Differentiated
Classroom:
Responding to the
Needs of All
Learners

The author devotes three
chapters of the book to describe
actual lessons, units, and
classrooms with differentiated
instruction in action. The
purpose to show how
differentiated instruction can be
implemented into a classroom of
multiple levels and learning
styles.

Tomlinson really proves and
demonstrates on to differentiate
instruction for all academic core
subjects. This study shows how a
teacher can teach the same topic
to a variety of Gardner’s learning
styles. Through this I am able to
add to the resources for the
classrooms.

Tomlinson, C. (1999).  The Differentiated Classroom: Responding To The Needs Of All Learners.
Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Study 8
21

Authors of
the study

Title of the
study

Purpose of the
study

Pertinent findings
that support your
project

Barbara R. Blackburn

Rigor is not a fourletter word

The author devotes a chapter of
the book to describe actual
lessons and methods with
differentiated instruction. The
purpose is to show how
differentiated instruction can be
implemented into a classroom of
multiple levels and learning
styles buy goal setting and
motivation. Also by raising the
level of content in instruction,
raise expectations, and open up
the questions that are asked of
them.

This study also demonstrates on
how using Bloom’s Taxonomy
and Gardner’s Multiple
Intelligences can be differentiated
together in all different grade and
academic levels. It helps prove
there is a need to differentiate
instruction and train teachers
correctly. It also gives many
resources for teachers to use
inside the classroom, and while
preparing the lessons.

Blackburn, B. (2008) Rigor is not a four-letter word. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education
Study 9
22

Authors of
the study

Title of the
study

Purpose of the
study

Pertinent findings
that support your
project

Patti Drapeau

Differentiated
Instruction: Making
it Work

This resource begins with theory
and ends with how to make the
theory practical. A beginning
professional will be able to
quickly look up, define, and
understand the typical verbiage
of differentiated instruction. The
purpose is to show language arts,
science, and social studies
sample units. By offering both
examples and non-examples of
when to use the various
strategies, the author makes it
easier for a teacher to decide
which strategy to use.

This is important for training
teachers in differentiating
instruction by giving examples of
when to use different strategies. It
gives a teacher a guide of how to
and why to do it! It’s putting the
theory into practice!

Drapeau, P. (2004). Differentiated Instruction: Making It Work. New York, NY: Scholastic.
Section 3: Solution Strategy

Action Research Proposal
24

Goal(s)
Action Goal
25

The overall goal of this intervention is to increase the effectiveness of
Differentiated Instruction in the general education setting after given
the teacher’s proper training with many different techniques. In turn
this will increase student knowledge and test scores. Teachers will be
able create lesson plans and centers/stations to implement in their
classrooms.


There are two benchmark goals to this intervention:


By the end of the summer all general education teachers will be given
adequate training on different techniques for Differentiating Instruction for
their classroom with 100% accuracy.



By the end of the first semester (December), teachers will be able to
implement proper practice of Differentiated Instruction in their classrooms
with 80% accuracy.
26

Solutions
Selected Solutions
27

Below are the solutions to get teachers to implement Differentiated Instruction properly into
their classroom:
Training on different ways of Differentiating Instruction for

Math-lesson plans, centers/stations

Reading-lesson plans, centers/stations

Learning Styles Inventory



Observations from Teacher Leader and demonstrations

Math

Reading



Observations of teachers by other teachers



Weekly Journals



Weekly Lesson Plans



Weekly student assessments



Weekly/monthly meetings



Data Portfolios


Teacher Training
28

First, we need make sure that teachers are made aware of what
Differentiated Instruction is and why it is so extremely important to our
student’s education. To do this, I have created a presentation on
Differentiated Instruction. It goes through what DI is and how to
Differentiate Reading and Math. Here are the steps that need to be
followed:
 As a group please give your definition of Differentiated Instruction and
http://prezi.com/eozqgbvvjcqt/?utm_campaign=sha
the team will share with one another.
 Start the presentation located at
 The first day will result of understanding differentiated instruction:
 What it is : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fa82Icnzo9s
 How it is to be implemented:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oS45ZkIh_rA
 What it means for them:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys-OWfOpHoM


Teachers will also be required to understand Learning Styles
Teacher Training
29

Day 2 to Day 7: This is for math & reading
Teachers will be shown how to differentiate instruction on a specific
learning objective.


Teachers are to bring a lesson they already have that all students seem to
struggle with. (e.g. Inferencing, sequencing, etc...)


The lesson needs to be connected to Common Core Standards

Through the Prezi presentation (link located on slide 29 and appendix A)
the teachers will walk through the lesson plan to match how to
differentiate the reading section.




For example, they will create the folders that are mentioned in the presentation,
and come up with how they form a lesson around the different learning styles.

There are handouts located on Appendix B, C, & D
Teachers will prepare a 30 minute lesson using Differentiated Instruction
and present it to the class

Teacher Training
30

Day 8 to Day 10:
Teachers will continue perfecting their lessons and will walk away with a
portfolio of lesson plans.
Teachers will create centers for their math objectives (using their own
creativity or finding them on line.




Teachers will learn more about lesson plans.

Teachers will learn about their weekly journals, weekly student
assessments, and keeping a data portfolio weekly to show growth.






Data Portfolio is their weekly assessment scores and qualitative observation
notes

Math and Reading websites found on Appendix E
Observations & Meetings
31

Observations will be as follows throughout the 19 weeks of implementing this action research
project.


Observations by the teacher leader every other week.



The general education teachers will observe other teachers once a month



Teacher leaders will present a lesson at the beginning of the implementation and in the middle if
needed.

Meetings:






Weekly meetings will be held for the first month to check in with the teachers to answer
questions and see what progression is occurring.
Months (October, November, December) there will be monthly meetings to answer questions
and see what progression is occurring.
At the end of the study there will be a meeting to show evidence of implementation and growth
of students.

Journals:


Weekly reflection journals are due electronically as well as lesson plans.
Action Research Proposal
Journals & Portfolios
32

Journals:


Weekly reflection journals are due electronically as well as lesson plans.



Write observational notes of:


student’s progression/regression



Next steps for the following week



How well the lessons went or what needs to be changed



How centers are going and any other concerns



How the lesson went when teacher leader was there



Notes of watching another teacher’s lesson

Portfolios


Pre-assessment of students in math and reading



Weekly assessment scores of students



Mid-Term assessment



Post assessment scores



Chart of progression

Action Research Proposal
33

Calendar
Weeks 1- 3: Training & first week
of Implementation
34

Teacher’s Calendar of Events

1

2

3
Weeks 4-7: Implementation
35

Teacher’s Calendar of Events
4
5

6
7

Action Research Proposal
Weeks 8-12: Implementation
36

Teacher’s Calendar of Events
8
9
10
11
12
Week 13-16: Implementation
37

Teacher’s Calendar of Events
13
14

15
16
38

Week 17-19: Implementation &
Wrap Up
Teacher’s Calendar of Events

17

18

19
Section 4: Outcomes and
Evaluation

Action Research Proposal
40

Outcomes
Expected Outcomes
41

Goal

Outcome

To increase the effectiveness of Differentiated
Instruction in the general education setting
after given the teacher’s proper training with
many different techniques. In turn this will
increase student knowledge and test scores.

Student’s knowledge of the content will reflect through
teacher observations, teacher made assessments,
and overall grades. We will be able to measure the
growth from the pre-test in September to the mid-term
test in January made by the teacher.

By the end of the summer all general
education teachers will be given adequate
training on different techniques for
Differentiating Instruction for their classroom
with 100% accuracy.

By the end of the first semester (December),
teachers will be able to implement proper
practice of Differentiated Instruction in their
classrooms with 80% accuracy.

The outcome is for teachers to have a binder full of
differentiated lessons of the Common Core Standards
along with hands-on centers to support the lessons.
This will be measured through observations and
meetings.
Throughout the semester prior to the mid-term testing,
the teacher leader will evaluate the the teacher’s
differentiated instruction techniques in the classroom.
To be able to determine if the teacher is properly
implementing differentiated instruction, the teacher
and teacher leader will meet weekly within the first
month. After the first month they will have a monthly
meeting. The teacher leader will be doing weekly visits
to the classroom to make sure that implementation is
taking place. Through lesson plans the teacher leader
will be able to determine if the implementation is being
42

Measurement
Measurable of Outcomes
43

Outcomes

Measurement

Student’s knowledge of the content will reflect through
teacher observations, teacher made assessments, and overall
grades. We will be able to measure the growth from the pretest in September to the mid-term test in January made by
the teacher.

Student’s pre and post test will be at the teacher’s discretion.
However, there are specific guidelines for the pre and post test
located in APPENDIX F. The teachers will have a portfolio
filled with observations (which will be coded: APPENDIX F.1)
and student artifacts from their centers/stations. Grades will be
shown for the semester.

The outcome is for teachers to have a binder full of
differentiated lessons of the Common Core Standards along
with hands-on centers to support the lessons. This will be
measured through observations and meetings.
Throughout the semester prior to the mid-term testing, the
teacher leader will evaluate the the teacher’s differentiated
instruction techniques in the classroom. To be able to
determine if the teacher is properly implementing
differentiated instruction, the teacher and teacher leader will
meet weekly within the first month. After the first month
they will have a monthly meeting. The teacher leader will be
doing weekly visits to the classroom to make sure that
implementation is taking place. Through lesson plans the
teacher leader will be able to determine if the
implementation is being done correctly as well.

At the end of the teacher training sessions, teachers are
expected to have at least 20 lesson plans with Common Core
standards with differentiation. These lessons will be in a
binder, and they will have hands on for each lesson as well
leveled assignments according to academic and learning styles.
(APPENDIX G)

Teachers will be observed through the Danielson Model
http://www.danielsongroup.org/userfiles/files/downloads/2013Evaluat
This model includes all areas of what the observations are
looking for. There are four levels that are coded. (SEE
APPENDIX H-I) For a breakdown of what each level is
looking for see the website listed above.
Meetings will be measured through the success of the meeting,
and the outcome of the surveys. (SEE APPENDIX J)
44

Analysis
Analyzing my Results?
45

Through grading of the coded observations,
meetings with the teachers, and surveys I will
be able to determine if the training was a
success. I will also be able to tell if the
implementation of Differentiated Instruction is
being done with fidelity.
Through the student’s test scores, grades,
teacher observations of the students, as well
as student artifacts I will be able to see if the
differentiated instruction is taking place. I will
also be able to tell if progression is taking
Was it effective?
46

I will be able to tell if the intervention was
effective by:










Student progression through grades and test
scores
Teacher’s are less stressed from student’s not
progressing
Lesson plans are detailed and differentiated
instruction is shown in different ways
Hands on materials and assignments are
differentiated by academic level and learning
styles
Through teacher responses to surveys will also
Presentation of findings…
47

I will present my findings to:


Administration of my building:




Teachers that were not part of the implementation




Principal & Dean
 This way they will know the progression that can be gained through
differentiated instruction through hands on activities according to
academic level and learning styles.
To show them how it can help their classroom.

Board of Education, Superintendent, Special Education Director,
Principal(s) in other building within my district


This way they will know the progression that can be gained through
differentiated instruction through hands on activities according to
academic level and learning styles.
Conclusion
48

Differentiated Instruction helps students achieve
objectives through their academic level and
learning style. Through this proposal how to train
teachers, collect data, and how to properly
differentiate instruction have been explained. To
be able to properly differentiate lessons, teachers
must be trained in the various ways. The teachers
must be able to see other professionals
differentiate instruction, and be observed
themselves. In this action research proposal, the
how, why, when, who, and what was answered.
The end result will be student’s academic
References
49


Blackburn, B. (2008) Rigor is not a four-letter word. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education



Bondley, D. (2011) How will differentiated instruction affect student learning. Retrieved
from:
http://yourspace.minotstateu.edu/laurie.geller/Capstone%20Examples/Final%20Capstone%20Projec



Danzi, J., Reul, K., Smith, R. (2008) Improving student motivation in mixed ability
classrooms using differentiated instruction. Retrieved from:
http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED500838.pdf



Danielson, C. (2013) The framework for teaching evaluation instrument. Retrieved from:
http://www.danielsongroup.org/userfiles/files/downloads/2013EvaluationInstrument.pdf



Drapeau, P. (2004). Differentiated Instruction: Making It Work. New York, NY: Scholastic.



Galvas, J. (2010) Does the use of differentiated performance tasks following Gardner’s
multiple intelligences theory improve my high school science students’ opportunity to
demonstrate their achievement? Retrieved from:
https://research.vancouver.wsu.edu/sites/research.vancouver.wsu.edu/files/702%20Galvas%20w%3A
References
50


James, S.D. (2013) Does differentiated instruction raise student performance in mathematics:
an action research study. Retrieved from:
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/1461413137



Kelly, G. (2013) Differentiated instruction in the classroom. Retrieved from:
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/1424274598



Kirley, T.L. (2002) Differentiated instruction and enrichment opportunities: An Action
Research Report Retrieved from: http://oar.nipissingu.ca/pdfs/v833e.pdf



Tomlinson, C. (1999). The Differentiated Classroom: Responding To The Needs Of All
Learners. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Appendix A
51


Lesson plans:




Learning Style Inventories:







http://wvde.state.wv.us/counselors/links/students/documents/10.18.1-Learning_styles_a
http://ualc.umass.edu/advising/uploads/textWidget/422.00020/documents/
Learning_Styles__Study_Strategies.pdf
http://stetsonassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Learning-InventoryElem.doc

Presentation




http://www.docstoc.com/docs/4963635/Differentiated-Lesson-Plan-Template

http://prezi.com/eozqgbvvjcqt/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy

Differentiated Instruction


http://bit.ly/1eiFEve

Action Research Proposal
Appendix B
52



Literacy Station Handout:
Appendix C
53

Action Research Proposal
Appendix D
54
Appendix E
55

Math Sites:
http://www.kidsites.com/sites-edu/math.htm



http://www.coolmath.com



http://www.mathfactcafe.com/worksheet/flashcard



http://www.mathplayground.com/flashcards_timed.html



Reading Sites:
http://readinga-z.com/



http://www.raz-kids.com



www.easycbm.com



www.mobymax.com


Appendix F
56

Student assessment must have:
Pre test and post test must be at least 4 weeks apart



5-8 objectives (depending on pacing guides)



3 or 5 questions per objective



Multiple choice, short answer, or extended response questions are accepted



Same test given as the pre test and post test.



Make charts to grade the objectives and get the percentage.





EX:

Obj

RL.6.4 Student
Response

Question 1

A

Question 6

D

Question 14 C
Questions
21
Correct/Tot

C
Appendix F.1
Coding observations and student artifacts
57

OBSERVATI
ON
TIME PERCENTAGE

0

1: 25%

2: 50%

3:75%

4:100%

Appropriate Peer
Interaction
Completed Work
Assistance Needed
Time on Task

ARTIFAC
TS
0
Complete Work
Assistance Needed

1: 25%

2: 50%

3:75%

4:100%
Appendix G
Coding Teacher Binder
58

BINDER
Completed
At least 20 lesson plans
Differentiation stated
Hands-on & assignments
for all levels and learning
styles
Neatly put in a binder and
labeled

0

1: 25%

2: 50%

3:75%

4:100%
Appendix H
Teacher Observations: Danielson Model
59
Appendix H con’t
Teacher Observations
60
Appendix I
Teacher Observations Coded
61
Appendix I con’t
Teacher Observations Coded
62
Appendix I con’t
Teacher Observations Coded
63
Appendix J
Teacher Survey for Pre, Mid, & Post
64

https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/LQZD2SR

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Differentiated Instruction Action Research Proposal

  • 1. Action Research Proposal Differentiated Instruction Action Research Proposal Samantha Munks-Folty EDD/581: Action Research and Evaluation December 23, 2013 Elizabeth Ashley 1
  • 2. Introduction Differentiated Instruction helps students achieve objectives through their academic level and learning style. To be able to properly differentiate lessons, teachers must be trained in the various ways. Through teaching the educators on how to properly differentiate instruction through lesson plans and hands-on activities the implementation has a better chance of taking place. The teachers must be able to see other professionals differentiate instruction, and be observed themselves. In this action research proposal, the how, why, when, who, and what will be answered. The way data is collected will also be
  • 4. Problem Statement 4 The problem is that Differentiated Instruction is not taking place in the General Education setting to boost student’s knowledge and test scores. Once the problem is narrowed down then an intervention will be implemented into the general education classroom to improve student’s knowledge and in result their test scores.
  • 5. Problem Description 5 The main problem in the district is that some students who are in general education are falling more and more behind each year in their academics. Those specific students have been identified as having some learning difficulties and are on the RTI (Response to Intervention) Tier 2. This Tier is where students are to receive intervention in the general education classroom. What better way then through Differentiated Instruction, which will boost their knowledge in the content area through their academic level and learning style. Which in turn will increase their test scores. Here are some problems that may occur: The biggest difficulty I may encounter is teacher’s not being willing to participate in the study, because of the added work to each lesson. Since there are more than one way of demonstrating a lesson in small groups, the teachers may be hesitant.  The main reasons the problem has not been addressed is:   Lack of knowledge and practice of Differentiated Instruction implementation on the teacher’s part.  Extra work for the teacher to plan the lessons on different levels and learning styles. The reason Action Research is being used to address the problem is to show the teachers how to Differentiate Instruction hand on. Also to enlighten them how this will capture the student’s attention and boost the student’s knowledge. 
  • 6. Purpose of the Project 6 This Action Research Project has two purposes: 1) to enhance teacher’s knowledge on how to use Differentiated Instruction in the General Education Setting and 2) to strengthen student’s knowledge in a specific content area through their academic level by using their specific learning style(s); which will increase test scores.
  • 7. Writer’s Role 7 I relate to this topic of Differentiated Instruction because I am the Instructional Special Education Teacher and RTI Teacher for our middle school. I have seen many more students being added to the RTI list because of their low test scores in reading and math. I see teachers not understanding that students who are on the Tier 2 of the RTI triangle are not to be getting intervention outside the classroom. Intervention on this tier must happen inside the general education classroom, and many teachers are unsure of how to differentiated instruction based on academic level through their learning style. I picked this topic because I have seen the struggle in our students and teachers. I use Differentiated Instruction in my classroom on a daily basis, and I want to share my knowledge with my co-workers. In turn this will enhance our test scores, and lessen our RTI list. I have many teacher’s coming to me asking me ways to differentiate their current lesson, and I walk them through it. I have influenced others to differentiate their instruction and feel that I can reach and influence the ones who are hesitate.
  • 9. 9 Differentiated Instruction Survey Instrument  The following survey instrument has been designed to assess the feelings and knowledge on Differentiated Instruction. For the purposes of this survey “Differentiated Instruction” is being defined as providing different students with different avenues to learning! The survey instrument, composed of ten (10) questions about Differentiated Instruction. It will look at their current knowledge of Differentiated Instruction, if it is being implemented in their school, how well prepared they feel they are, if they have enough materials, and if they are interested in more professional development. This data will be collected and a plan will be put into place on how to help the teacher’s out with Action Research Proposal Differentiated Instruction.
  • 10. 10 Who will take the survey & why… Who?    Why? Teachers  General Education  Special Education  FACs, Physical Education, Administration Specialty Professionals  Social workers  Speech Therapists   Teachers (general & special education) are with the children inside an academic setting day in and day out. FAC and Physical Education teachers are with the students almost everyday, and at times have tests, notes, and discussions that students might benefit from if lessons are differentiated. Administration will be surveyed because they are the leaders of the school, and make important decisions that effect student learning. The specialty professionals will be tested, because they see specific students who have different needs, too. They need to be informed on differentiated instruction for their group sessions to be successful. Action Research Proposal 
  • 11. Differentiated Instruction Research Survey…Differentiated Instruction involves providing different students with different avenues to learning! Please fill out the survey to the best of your knowledge and be honest. 11 1. What is your position in the district? Paraprofessional Teacher Administrator Specialty Teacher Administration Secretary 6. Have you been given the adequate training on how to properly differentiate instruction? Low Level Medium Level High Level 2. Are you aware of the different methods of differentiating instruction? No Sort of Yes 7. Differentiated Instruction would improve the student's understanding of the objectives and test scores. Low Level Medium Level High Level 3. Differentiated Instruction is taking place in the general education classrooms in your district with fidelity. No Sort of Yes 8. There is enough resources in your district/school to properly implement differentiated instruction. Low Level 4. Implementation of differentiated instruction is a problem in your district Low Level Medium Level High Level 5. How comfortable do you feel with Differentiated Instruction methods? Low Level Medium Level High Level Medium Level High Level 9. Common Core makes Differentiated Instruction implementation easier. No Sort of Yes 10. Would you be interested in more professional development sessions on differentiated instruction? No Maybe Yes Survey can also be found at: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/QZHKZKX
  • 12. 13 22 responded to the survey within the district schools. These responders range from Pre-K to 8th Grade teachers, paraprofessionals, and administrators. Out of the 22 who responded: 3 were paraprofessionals 11 were teachers 4 were administrators. (The numbers next to the words on the Y axis are corresponding with the question numbers on previous slide.)
  • 14. Study 1 14 Authors of the study Title of the study Purpose of the study Pertinent findings that support your project Dominique Bondley How will Differentiated Instruction affect student learning? To meet students where they currently are and help them progress. All academic levels will be addressed in the class according to their learning process. Through this study helps assure that there is a need for differentiated instruction in any given math group. The findings showed there is growth when there are assignments geared to the student interest and learning levels. http://yourspace.minotstateu.edu/laurie.geller/Capstone%20Examples/Final%20Capstone%20Projects/Dominique%20Bondley%20Capstone%20Project.pdf
  • 15. Study 2 15 Authors of the study Title of the study Purpose of the study Pertinent findings that support your project Jamie Danzi Kelly Reul Rana Smith Improving student motivation in mixed ability classrooms using differentiated instruction Through the student’s learning style they will increase motivation to the mixed abilities in the class. The information that is provided is inline with the problems that lay within my district. There is a mix of class demographics and grade levels that shows that all levels need differentiated instruction. Through the implementation the students were able to progress. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED500838.pdf
  • 16. Study 3 16 Authors of the study Title of the study Purpose of the study Pertinent findings that support your project Jason Galvas Does the use of differentiated performance tasks following Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory improve my high school science students’ opportunity to demonstrate their achievement? The purpose of this study was to determine if using Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences would improve the student’s achievement. Using Gardner’s multiple intelligences to differentiate instruction proves to be a sufficient way to get kids motivated and caring about what they learn. Even having older students being aware of their learning style helps them take control of their learning, and how they want to demonstrate their knowledge. https://research.vancouver.wsu.edu/sites/research.vancouver.wsu.edu/files/702%20Galvas%20w%3A1% 20app.pdf
  • 17. Study 4 17 Authors of the study Title of the study Purpose of the study Pertinent findings that support your project Terri Lynn Kirley Differentiated instruction and enrichment opportunities: An Action Research Report The purpose of this study was to reflect on teaching practices and explore the benefits of Differentiated Instruction. This study shows that many teacher’s don’t have the correct practice of different instruction, and how we need to be properly trained. This study showed how to differentiate instruction in a reading class for not just one student but a variety. Many times math is the concentration for differentiated, but reading is just as important if not more. http://oar.nipissingu.ca/pdfs/v833e.pdf
  • 18. Study 5 18 Authors of the study Title of the study Purpose of the study Pertinent findings that support your project Shondra Denise James Does Differentiated Instruction Raise Student Performance in Mathematics: An Action Research Study The purpose of this study was to determine if an intervention in a 2nd grade math class was successful then could it be implemented and adjusted to other grade levels. The findings in this study strengthens my believe in using learning styles, hand on, and student interests to drive instruction. http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/ 1461413137
  • 19. Study 6 19 Authors of the study Title of the study Purpose of the study Pertinent findings that support your project Gretchen Kelly Differentiated Instruction in the Classroom The purpose of this study was to compare whole group instruction and differentiated instruction to define which strategy was more effective to increase low achievement in a middle grade classroom. My concentration will be for math and reading in a low income/achieving middle school. This study shows how hands on activities can be for older students, and can increase student motivation and understanding of the concepts. http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/ 1424274598
  • 20. Study 7 20 Authors of the study Title of the study Purpose of the study Pertinent findings that support your project Carol Ann Tomlinson The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to the Needs of All Learners The author devotes three chapters of the book to describe actual lessons, units, and classrooms with differentiated instruction in action. The purpose to show how differentiated instruction can be implemented into a classroom of multiple levels and learning styles. Tomlinson really proves and demonstrates on to differentiate instruction for all academic core subjects. This study shows how a teacher can teach the same topic to a variety of Gardner’s learning styles. Through this I am able to add to the resources for the classrooms. Tomlinson, C. (1999).  The Differentiated Classroom: Responding To The Needs Of All Learners. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • 21. Study 8 21 Authors of the study Title of the study Purpose of the study Pertinent findings that support your project Barbara R. Blackburn Rigor is not a fourletter word The author devotes a chapter of the book to describe actual lessons and methods with differentiated instruction. The purpose is to show how differentiated instruction can be implemented into a classroom of multiple levels and learning styles buy goal setting and motivation. Also by raising the level of content in instruction, raise expectations, and open up the questions that are asked of them. This study also demonstrates on how using Bloom’s Taxonomy and Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences can be differentiated together in all different grade and academic levels. It helps prove there is a need to differentiate instruction and train teachers correctly. It also gives many resources for teachers to use inside the classroom, and while preparing the lessons. Blackburn, B. (2008) Rigor is not a four-letter word. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education
  • 22. Study 9 22 Authors of the study Title of the study Purpose of the study Pertinent findings that support your project Patti Drapeau Differentiated Instruction: Making it Work This resource begins with theory and ends with how to make the theory practical. A beginning professional will be able to quickly look up, define, and understand the typical verbiage of differentiated instruction. The purpose is to show language arts, science, and social studies sample units. By offering both examples and non-examples of when to use the various strategies, the author makes it easier for a teacher to decide which strategy to use. This is important for training teachers in differentiating instruction by giving examples of when to use different strategies. It gives a teacher a guide of how to and why to do it! It’s putting the theory into practice! Drapeau, P. (2004). Differentiated Instruction: Making It Work. New York, NY: Scholastic.
  • 23. Section 3: Solution Strategy Action Research Proposal
  • 25. Action Goal 25 The overall goal of this intervention is to increase the effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction in the general education setting after given the teacher’s proper training with many different techniques. In turn this will increase student knowledge and test scores. Teachers will be able create lesson plans and centers/stations to implement in their classrooms.  There are two benchmark goals to this intervention:  By the end of the summer all general education teachers will be given adequate training on different techniques for Differentiating Instruction for their classroom with 100% accuracy.  By the end of the first semester (December), teachers will be able to implement proper practice of Differentiated Instruction in their classrooms with 80% accuracy.
  • 27. Selected Solutions 27 Below are the solutions to get teachers to implement Differentiated Instruction properly into their classroom: Training on different ways of Differentiating Instruction for  Math-lesson plans, centers/stations  Reading-lesson plans, centers/stations  Learning Styles Inventory  Observations from Teacher Leader and demonstrations  Math  Reading  Observations of teachers by other teachers  Weekly Journals  Weekly Lesson Plans  Weekly student assessments  Weekly/monthly meetings  Data Portfolios 
  • 28. Teacher Training 28 First, we need make sure that teachers are made aware of what Differentiated Instruction is and why it is so extremely important to our student’s education. To do this, I have created a presentation on Differentiated Instruction. It goes through what DI is and how to Differentiate Reading and Math. Here are the steps that need to be followed:  As a group please give your definition of Differentiated Instruction and http://prezi.com/eozqgbvvjcqt/?utm_campaign=sha the team will share with one another.  Start the presentation located at  The first day will result of understanding differentiated instruction:  What it is : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fa82Icnzo9s  How it is to be implemented: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oS45ZkIh_rA  What it means for them: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys-OWfOpHoM  Teachers will also be required to understand Learning Styles
  • 29. Teacher Training 29 Day 2 to Day 7: This is for math & reading Teachers will be shown how to differentiate instruction on a specific learning objective.  Teachers are to bring a lesson they already have that all students seem to struggle with. (e.g. Inferencing, sequencing, etc...)  The lesson needs to be connected to Common Core Standards Through the Prezi presentation (link located on slide 29 and appendix A) the teachers will walk through the lesson plan to match how to differentiate the reading section.   For example, they will create the folders that are mentioned in the presentation, and come up with how they form a lesson around the different learning styles. There are handouts located on Appendix B, C, & D Teachers will prepare a 30 minute lesson using Differentiated Instruction and present it to the class 
  • 30. Teacher Training 30 Day 8 to Day 10: Teachers will continue perfecting their lessons and will walk away with a portfolio of lesson plans. Teachers will create centers for their math objectives (using their own creativity or finding them on line.   Teachers will learn more about lesson plans. Teachers will learn about their weekly journals, weekly student assessments, and keeping a data portfolio weekly to show growth.    Data Portfolio is their weekly assessment scores and qualitative observation notes Math and Reading websites found on Appendix E
  • 31. Observations & Meetings 31 Observations will be as follows throughout the 19 weeks of implementing this action research project.  Observations by the teacher leader every other week.  The general education teachers will observe other teachers once a month  Teacher leaders will present a lesson at the beginning of the implementation and in the middle if needed. Meetings:    Weekly meetings will be held for the first month to check in with the teachers to answer questions and see what progression is occurring. Months (October, November, December) there will be monthly meetings to answer questions and see what progression is occurring. At the end of the study there will be a meeting to show evidence of implementation and growth of students. Journals:  Weekly reflection journals are due electronically as well as lesson plans. Action Research Proposal
  • 32. Journals & Portfolios 32 Journals:  Weekly reflection journals are due electronically as well as lesson plans.  Write observational notes of:  student’s progression/regression  Next steps for the following week  How well the lessons went or what needs to be changed  How centers are going and any other concerns  How the lesson went when teacher leader was there  Notes of watching another teacher’s lesson Portfolios  Pre-assessment of students in math and reading  Weekly assessment scores of students  Mid-Term assessment  Post assessment scores  Chart of progression Action Research Proposal
  • 34. Weeks 1- 3: Training & first week of Implementation 34 Teacher’s Calendar of Events 1 2 3
  • 35. Weeks 4-7: Implementation 35 Teacher’s Calendar of Events 4 5 6 7 Action Research Proposal
  • 36. Weeks 8-12: Implementation 36 Teacher’s Calendar of Events 8 9 10 11 12
  • 37. Week 13-16: Implementation 37 Teacher’s Calendar of Events 13 14 15 16
  • 38. 38 Week 17-19: Implementation & Wrap Up Teacher’s Calendar of Events 17 18 19
  • 39. Section 4: Outcomes and Evaluation Action Research Proposal
  • 41. Expected Outcomes 41 Goal Outcome To increase the effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction in the general education setting after given the teacher’s proper training with many different techniques. In turn this will increase student knowledge and test scores. Student’s knowledge of the content will reflect through teacher observations, teacher made assessments, and overall grades. We will be able to measure the growth from the pre-test in September to the mid-term test in January made by the teacher. By the end of the summer all general education teachers will be given adequate training on different techniques for Differentiating Instruction for their classroom with 100% accuracy. By the end of the first semester (December), teachers will be able to implement proper practice of Differentiated Instruction in their classrooms with 80% accuracy. The outcome is for teachers to have a binder full of differentiated lessons of the Common Core Standards along with hands-on centers to support the lessons. This will be measured through observations and meetings. Throughout the semester prior to the mid-term testing, the teacher leader will evaluate the the teacher’s differentiated instruction techniques in the classroom. To be able to determine if the teacher is properly implementing differentiated instruction, the teacher and teacher leader will meet weekly within the first month. After the first month they will have a monthly meeting. The teacher leader will be doing weekly visits to the classroom to make sure that implementation is taking place. Through lesson plans the teacher leader will be able to determine if the implementation is being
  • 43. Measurable of Outcomes 43 Outcomes Measurement Student’s knowledge of the content will reflect through teacher observations, teacher made assessments, and overall grades. We will be able to measure the growth from the pretest in September to the mid-term test in January made by the teacher. Student’s pre and post test will be at the teacher’s discretion. However, there are specific guidelines for the pre and post test located in APPENDIX F. The teachers will have a portfolio filled with observations (which will be coded: APPENDIX F.1) and student artifacts from their centers/stations. Grades will be shown for the semester. The outcome is for teachers to have a binder full of differentiated lessons of the Common Core Standards along with hands-on centers to support the lessons. This will be measured through observations and meetings. Throughout the semester prior to the mid-term testing, the teacher leader will evaluate the the teacher’s differentiated instruction techniques in the classroom. To be able to determine if the teacher is properly implementing differentiated instruction, the teacher and teacher leader will meet weekly within the first month. After the first month they will have a monthly meeting. The teacher leader will be doing weekly visits to the classroom to make sure that implementation is taking place. Through lesson plans the teacher leader will be able to determine if the implementation is being done correctly as well. At the end of the teacher training sessions, teachers are expected to have at least 20 lesson plans with Common Core standards with differentiation. These lessons will be in a binder, and they will have hands on for each lesson as well leveled assignments according to academic and learning styles. (APPENDIX G) Teachers will be observed through the Danielson Model http://www.danielsongroup.org/userfiles/files/downloads/2013Evaluat This model includes all areas of what the observations are looking for. There are four levels that are coded. (SEE APPENDIX H-I) For a breakdown of what each level is looking for see the website listed above. Meetings will be measured through the success of the meeting, and the outcome of the surveys. (SEE APPENDIX J)
  • 45. Analyzing my Results? 45 Through grading of the coded observations, meetings with the teachers, and surveys I will be able to determine if the training was a success. I will also be able to tell if the implementation of Differentiated Instruction is being done with fidelity. Through the student’s test scores, grades, teacher observations of the students, as well as student artifacts I will be able to see if the differentiated instruction is taking place. I will also be able to tell if progression is taking
  • 46. Was it effective? 46 I will be able to tell if the intervention was effective by:      Student progression through grades and test scores Teacher’s are less stressed from student’s not progressing Lesson plans are detailed and differentiated instruction is shown in different ways Hands on materials and assignments are differentiated by academic level and learning styles Through teacher responses to surveys will also
  • 47. Presentation of findings… 47 I will present my findings to:  Administration of my building:   Teachers that were not part of the implementation   Principal & Dean  This way they will know the progression that can be gained through differentiated instruction through hands on activities according to academic level and learning styles. To show them how it can help their classroom. Board of Education, Superintendent, Special Education Director, Principal(s) in other building within my district  This way they will know the progression that can be gained through differentiated instruction through hands on activities according to academic level and learning styles.
  • 48. Conclusion 48 Differentiated Instruction helps students achieve objectives through their academic level and learning style. Through this proposal how to train teachers, collect data, and how to properly differentiate instruction have been explained. To be able to properly differentiate lessons, teachers must be trained in the various ways. The teachers must be able to see other professionals differentiate instruction, and be observed themselves. In this action research proposal, the how, why, when, who, and what was answered. The end result will be student’s academic
  • 49. References 49  Blackburn, B. (2008) Rigor is not a four-letter word. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education  Bondley, D. (2011) How will differentiated instruction affect student learning. Retrieved from: http://yourspace.minotstateu.edu/laurie.geller/Capstone%20Examples/Final%20Capstone%20Projec  Danzi, J., Reul, K., Smith, R. (2008) Improving student motivation in mixed ability classrooms using differentiated instruction. Retrieved from: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED500838.pdf  Danielson, C. (2013) The framework for teaching evaluation instrument. Retrieved from: http://www.danielsongroup.org/userfiles/files/downloads/2013EvaluationInstrument.pdf  Drapeau, P. (2004). Differentiated Instruction: Making It Work. New York, NY: Scholastic.  Galvas, J. (2010) Does the use of differentiated performance tasks following Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory improve my high school science students’ opportunity to demonstrate their achievement? Retrieved from: https://research.vancouver.wsu.edu/sites/research.vancouver.wsu.edu/files/702%20Galvas%20w%3A
  • 50. References 50  James, S.D. (2013) Does differentiated instruction raise student performance in mathematics: an action research study. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/1461413137  Kelly, G. (2013) Differentiated instruction in the classroom. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/1424274598  Kirley, T.L. (2002) Differentiated instruction and enrichment opportunities: An Action Research Report Retrieved from: http://oar.nipissingu.ca/pdfs/v833e.pdf  Tomlinson, C. (1999). The Differentiated Classroom: Responding To The Needs Of All Learners. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • 51. Appendix A 51  Lesson plans:   Learning Style Inventories:     http://wvde.state.wv.us/counselors/links/students/documents/10.18.1-Learning_styles_a http://ualc.umass.edu/advising/uploads/textWidget/422.00020/documents/ Learning_Styles__Study_Strategies.pdf http://stetsonassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Learning-InventoryElem.doc Presentation   http://www.docstoc.com/docs/4963635/Differentiated-Lesson-Plan-Template http://prezi.com/eozqgbvvjcqt/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy Differentiated Instruction  http://bit.ly/1eiFEve Action Research Proposal
  • 56. Appendix F 56 Student assessment must have: Pre test and post test must be at least 4 weeks apart  5-8 objectives (depending on pacing guides)  3 or 5 questions per objective  Multiple choice, short answer, or extended response questions are accepted  Same test given as the pre test and post test.  Make charts to grade the objectives and get the percentage.   EX: Obj RL.6.4 Student Response Question 1 A Question 6 D Question 14 C Questions 21 Correct/Tot C
  • 57. Appendix F.1 Coding observations and student artifacts 57 OBSERVATI ON TIME PERCENTAGE 0 1: 25% 2: 50% 3:75% 4:100% Appropriate Peer Interaction Completed Work Assistance Needed Time on Task ARTIFAC TS 0 Complete Work Assistance Needed 1: 25% 2: 50% 3:75% 4:100%
  • 58. Appendix G Coding Teacher Binder 58 BINDER Completed At least 20 lesson plans Differentiation stated Hands-on & assignments for all levels and learning styles Neatly put in a binder and labeled 0 1: 25% 2: 50% 3:75% 4:100%
  • 59. Appendix H Teacher Observations: Danielson Model 59
  • 60. Appendix H con’t Teacher Observations 60
  • 62. Appendix I con’t Teacher Observations Coded 62
  • 63. Appendix I con’t Teacher Observations Coded 63
  • 64. Appendix J Teacher Survey for Pre, Mid, & Post 64 https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/LQZD2SR