General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
Trabalho de Inglês
1. Introduction
The work will talk about the English language (English) which also in turn has its
advantages and difficulties, in this paper we present the types of verbs in
English, the verbal conjunction of English, the formation of tense in English and
a few examples.
Types of English Verbs
Before you start the lessons of verbal tepos, it is very important to understand
that NOT ALL English verbs are equal. The English verbs are divided into three
groups: Normal Verbs, Verbs No-Continuous, and Mixed Verbs.
Gropo 1: Verbs normal
Most verbs are "regular verbs." These verbs are usually physical actions, you can
see somebody doing. These verbs can be used at all times.
Verbs normal
to run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say, to touch, etc.
Examples:
• I eat dinner every day.
• I am eating dinner now.
Group II: No-Continuous Verbs
The second group, called "No-Continuous Verbs," is smaller. These verbs are
usually things you cannot see somebody doing. These verbs are rarely used in
continuous tenses. They include:
Verbs Abstract
2. to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe, to exist ...
Verbs of Possession
to possess, to own, to belong ...
Verbs of Emotion
to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind ...
Examples:
• He is Needing help now. not Correct
• He needs help now. Correct
• He is wanting a drink now. not Correct
• He wants a drink now. Correct
Group III: Mixed Verbs
The third group, called "Mixed Verbs," is the smallest group. These verbs have
more than one meaning. In a way, each sinificado is a single verb. Some
meanings behave like "No-Continuous Verbs," while others like "Normal Verbs."
Mixed verbs
to Appear, to feel, to have, to hear, to look, to see, to weigh ...
List of Mixed Verbs with Examples and Definitions:
to Appear:
Donna appears confused. Non-Continuous Verb
Donna parece confusa.
My favorite singer is appearing at the jazz club tonight. Normal Verb
Meu cantor favorito fará um show no clube de jazz hoje à noite.
to have:
I have a dollar now. Non-Continuous Verb - Eu possuo um dólar.
3. I am having fun now. Normal Verb - Eu estou experimentando diverção
agora.
to hear:
She hears the music. Non-Continuous Verb
Ela ouve a música com seus ouvidos.
She is hearing voices. Normal Verb
Ela ouve algo que outros não podem ouvir. Ela está ouvindo vozes em sua
mente.
to look:
Nancy looks tired. Non-Continuous Verb
Ela parece cansada.
Farah is looking at the pictures. Normal Verb
Ela está olhando com seus olhos.
to miss:
John misses Sally. Non-Continuous Verb
Ele está triste porque ela não está aqui.
Debbie is missing her favorite TV program. Normal Verb
Ela não está lá para assistir seu programa favorito.
to see:
I see her. Non-Continuous Verb
Eu a vejo com meu olhos.
I am seeing the doctor. Normal Verb
Eu estou visitando ou consultando um médico. (Também usado para com
dentista e advogado.)
I am seeing her. Normal Verb
Eu estou tendo um relacionamento com ela.
He is seeing ghosts at night. Normal Verb
Ele vê algo que os outros não veem. Por exemplo, fantasmas, auras, uma visão
do futuro, etc.
to smell:
The coffee smells good. Non-Continuous Verb
O café tem um bom cheiro.
4. I am smelling the flowers. Normal Verb
Estou cheirando as flores para ver qual o cheiro delas.
to taste:
The coffee tastes good. Non-Continuous Verb
O café tem um bom gosto.
I am tasting the cake. Normal Verb
estou experimentando o bolo para ver qual o gosto.
to think:
He thinks the test is easy. Non-Continuous Verb
Ele considera a prova fácil.
She is thinking about the question. Normal Verb
Ela está ponderando a pergunta, revirando-a em sua própria mente.
to weigh:
The table weighs a lot. Non-Continuous Verb
A mesa é pesada.
She is weighing herself. Normal Verb
Ela está determinando seu peso.
Alguns Verbos Podem Ser Especialmente Confusos:
to be:
Joe is American. Non-Continuous Verb
Joe é um cidadão americano.
Joe is being very American. Normal Verb
Joe está se comportando como um esteriotipo americano.
Joe is being very rude. Normal Verb
Joe é se comportando muito rudimente. Normalmente ele não é rude.
Joe is being very formal. Normal Verb
Joe está se comportando muito formalmente. Normalmente ele não é formal.
NOTE: Very rarely is the verb "to be" is used in a continuous manner. This is
most commonly done when a person is temporarily behaving badly or
esteriotipicamente. One can also use when someone's behavior is markedly
different.to feel:
5. The massage feels great. Non-Continuous Verb
A massagem dá uma sensação agradável.
I don't feel well today. Sometimes used as Non-Continuous Verb
Estou um pouco doente.
I am not feeling well today. Sometimes used as Normal Verb
I'm a little sick.
NOTE: The second meaning of "feel" and very flexible and there is no real
difference between "I do not feel well today" and "I am not feeling well today."
Conjugation of the verb "to be" in English
Present
I am
you are
he/she/it is
we are
you are
they are
Present continuous
I am being
you are being
he/she/it is being
we are being
you are being
they are being
Simple past
I was
you were
he/she/it was
we were
you were
they were
Past continuous
I was being
you were being
he/she/it was being
we were being
you were being
they were being
Present perfect
I have been
you have been
he/she/it has been
we have been
you have been
they have been
Present perfect continuous
I have been being
you have been being
he/she/it has been being
we have been being
you have been being
they have been being
Past perfect
I had been
you had been
he/she/it had been
we had been
you had been
they had been
Past perfect continuous
I had been being
you had been being
he/she/it had been being
we had been being
you had been being
they had been being
Future
I will be
you will be
he/she/it will be
we will be
you will be
they will be
6. Future continuous
I will be being
you will be being
he/she/it will be being
we will be being
you will be being
they will be being
Future perfect
I will have been
you will have been
he/she/it will have been
we will have been
you will have been
they will have been
Future perfect continuous
I will have been being
you will have been being
he/she/it will have been being
we will have been being
you will have been being
they will have been being
Conditional present
I would be
you would be
he/she/it would be
we would be
you would be
they would be
Conditional perfect
I would have been
you would have been
he/she/it would have
been
we would have been
you would have been
they would have been
Conditional present
progressive
I would be being
you would be being
he/she/it would be being
we would be being
you would be being
they would be being
Conditional perfect
progressive
I would have been being
you would have been
being
he/she/it would have
been being
we would have been
being
you would have been
being
they would have been
being
Present subjunctive
I be
you be; beest
he/she/it be
we be
you be
they be
Past subjunctive
I were
you were; wert
he/she/it were
we were
you were
they were
Past perfect subjunctive
I had been
you had been
he/she/it had been
we had been
you had been
they had been
Imperative
you be
we Let´s be
you be
7. Past participle
been
Tenses of English
As in most Western languages, including Portuguese, the English language is
heavily structured around verbs and their various forms, tenses. This article is
not exhaustive to predict all the possibilities of language, but it is
comprehensive enough to cover the most common cases.
In English, these are the tenses:
Simple Present - used to describe a habitual action, generic fact, future
schedules and a universal truth
The company invests in Asia. / A companhia investe na Ásia.
The sun rises in the east. / O sol nasce a leste.
He leaves the office at 6:00 p.m. / Ele deixa o escritório às 18 h.
Dogs bark. / Cães latem.
Present Continuous - used to describe a specific action that is occurring, longer
duration of action taking place or else a future plan
You are learning English now. / Você está aprendendo inglês agora.
Salaries are shrinking. / Os salários estão encolhendo.
I am studying to become a lawyer. / Estou estudando para me tornar advogado.
Simple Past - is the time spent in its basic form, used in an action already
completed, which occurred for some time and has also been completed, an
activity occurring regularly in the past
8. I saw a movie yesterday. / Eu vi um filme ontem.
I worked at SENAI from 1985 to 1995. / Trabalhei no SENAI de 1985 a 1995.
We sold some cars last week. / Nós vendemos alguns carros semana passada.
Past Continuous - this tense is interrupted actions / parallel or repeated actions
in the past or planned events action in the past
I was showering when she called. / Eu estava tomando banho quando ela ligou.
While Ellen was watching television, Tim was studying. / Enquanto Ellen estava
assistindo televisão, Tim estava estudando.
Mr. Johnson was leaving for California when it started to rain. / Mr. Johnson estava
indo para Califórnia quando começou a chover.
Future - future time in English can be done in two ways:
a) using "going to" - appropriate to express a future intention based on the
decision made before, or to predict an event that will certainly occur, or predict
an almost certain event based on current conditions.
I'm going to be a doctor when I grow up. / Vou ser um doutor quando crescer.
You are going to meet her tonight. / Você se encontrará com ela hoje à noite.
I'm going to faint. / Vou desmaiar.
b) using "will" - used to make a decision at the time, referring to a probable
event or indicate a willingness to do something.
I will send you the document when I get it. / Vou enviar-lhe o documento quando eu
o conseguir.
The sky is cloudy, it will rain soon. / O céu está nublado, vai chover logo.
I will help him later. / Eu vou ajudá-lo depois.
Future Continuous - used in an action that happens at a specific time or future
actions already decided
9. I will be watching TV tonight. / Eu vou assistir TV hoje à noite.
Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner. / Vou jantar hoje à noite às 18:00.
Note: if you need to translate a sentence in this tense, do not fall into the trap
of translating "I'll be watching" or "I will be having dinner"; constructions as well
not exist in Portuguese.
Present Perfect - this time serves to indicate actions in an unspecified time in
the past, an action that occurred recently or even an action started in the past
and continues in the present.
I think I have met him once before. / Acho que já o conheci antes.
There have been many earthquakes in Japan. / Houve muitos terremotos no Japão.
I have been here since nine p.m. / Estou aqui desde as 21h.
Present Perfect Continuous - used for actions that contain just that continue to
the present, repeated in the past and continue in the present, or an action
occurring recently, no specific time.
They have been talking for the last hour. / Eles estão conversando há uma hora.
He has been studying English since he was fourteen. / Ele estuda inglês desde os
quatorze anos
Past Perfect - is employed in an action in the past that occurred before another
action in the past or an action that was expected.
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. / Eu estava sem dinheiro
porque perdi minha carteira.
We had had that car for years before it broke down. / Nós tivemos esse carro por
anos antes de ele quebrar.
10. Past Perfect Continuous - used in an action that occurred before another action
in the past or was expected to occur in the past.
They had been talking for over an hour before we arrived. / Eles falaram por mais de
uma hora antes de nós chegarmos.
Marcos was tired because he had been swimming. / Marcos estava cansado porque
estava nadando.
Future Perfect - time refers to an action to be completed in the future.
By next November I will have received my promotion. / Até novembro próximo eu
receberei minha promoção.
Future Perfect Continuous - so emphasizes the amount of time elapsed before a
specific time in the future.
You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. /
Você vai esperar por mais de duas horas, até o avião dela finalmente chegar.
Examples of each of English verbs
1 – 10
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Be Was/Were Been Ser/Estar
Have Had Had Ter
Can Could XXX Poder
Say Said Said Dizer
Use Used Used Usar
Do Did Done Fazer
11. Make Made Made Fazer
Like Liked Liked Gostar
Look Looked Looked Olhar
Write Wrote Written Escrever
11 – 20
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Go Went Gone Ir
See Saw Seen Ver
Call Called Called Chamar
Find Found Found Encontrar
Get Got Gotten Pegar
Come Came Came Vir
May Might XXX Poder
Take Took Taken Pegar
Work Worked Worked Trabalhar
Know Knew Known Saber
21 – 30
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Live Lived Lived Morar
Give Gave Given Dar
Think Thought Thought Pensar
Help Helped Helped Ajudar
Mean Meant Meant Significar
Tell Told Told Contar
Follow Followed Followed Seguir
Want Wanted Wanted Querer
Show Showed Shown Mostrar
Form Formed Formed Formar
12. 31 – 40
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Set Set Set Pôr
Put Put Put Colocar
End Ended Ended Acabar
Must XXX XXX Dever
Turn Turned Turned Girar
Ask Asked Asked Perguntar
Read Read Read Ler
Need Needed Needed Precisar
Move Moved Moved Mover
Try Tried Tried Tentar
41 – 50
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Change Changed Changed Mudar
Play Played Played Tocar
Spell Spelled/Spelt Spelled/Spelt Soletrar
Answer Answered Answered Responder
Study Studied Studied Estudar
Learn Learned/Learnt Learned/Learnt Aprender
Add Added Added Adicionar
Keep Kept Kept Manter
Start Started Started Começar
Seem Seemed Seemed Parecer
51 – 60
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Close Closed Closed Fechar
13. Open Opened Opened Abrir
Begin Began Begun Começar
Run Ran Run Correr
Walk Walked Walked Caminhar
Grow Grew Grown Crescer
Carry Carried Carried Carregar
Hear Heard Heard Ouvir
Stop Stopped Stopped Parar
Eat Ate Eaten Comer
61 – 70
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Watch Watched Watched Assistir
Let Let Let Permitir
Cut Cut Cut Cortar
Talk Talked Talked Conversar
Leave Left Left Deixar
Stand Stood Stood Estar em pé
Mark Marked Marked Marcar
Complete Completed Completed Completar
Order Ordered Ordered Ordenar
Become Became Become Tornar-se
71 – 80
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Happen Happened Happened Acontecer
Measure Measured Measured Medir
Remember Remembered Remembered Lembrar
Reach Reached Reached Alcançar
Listen Listened Listened Escutar
Cover Covered Covered Cobrir
14. Hold Held Held Agarrar
Pass Passed Passed Passar
Pull Pulled Pulled Puxar
Draw Drew Drawn Tirar
81 – 90
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Cry Cried Cried Chorar
Plan Planned Planned Planejar
Notice Noticed Noticed Notar
Sing Sang Sung Cantar
Fall Fell Fallen Cair
Figure Figured Figured Imaginar
Travel Traveled/Travelled Traveled/Travelled Viajar
Fly Flew Flown Voar
Wait Waited Waited Esperar
Correct Corrected Corrected Corrigir
91 – 100
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Tradução
Decide Decided Decided Decidir
Contain Contained Contained Conter
Produce Produced Produced Produzir
Note Noted Noted Notar
Rest Rested Rested Descansar
Stay Stayed Stayed Ficar
Bring Brought Brought Trazer
Explain Explained Explained Explicar
Dry Dried Dried Secar
Fill Filled Filled Encher
15. Conclusion
This work not only learned but I understand a bit of English language, difficulties
and skills, their most common verbs, their meanings, their tenses, etc.
Bibliography
http://www.inglesnosupermercado.com.br/os-100-verbos-mais-comuns-da-lingua-
inglesa/
http://www.infoescola.com/ingles/tempos-verbais-em-ingles/
http://pt.bab.la/verbo/ingles/be
http://aulasdeinglesgratis.blogspot.com.br/2010/02/tipos-de-verbos-em-ingles.
html