SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 10
Baixar para ler offline
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 1
DATE: June 12, 2014
PRACT. REPORT ON ANALYSIS OF QUININE PREPARATION BY TLC:
AIM: To analyses the Quinine preparations by TLC-based MINLAB.
INTRODUCTION AND THEORY:
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to
separate non-volatile mixtures. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet
of glass, plastic, or aluminium foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent
material, usually silica gel, aluminium oxide, or cellulose. This layer of adsorbent
is known as the stationary phase.
Figure.1.Separation of black ink on a TLC plate.
Thin layer chromatography is the main screening method being used today in order
to determine if a drug product meets label specifications and is legal. TLC can be
employed for the identification of drug substances, to estimate drug substance
content and to detect related substances that may be regarded as impurities. This
technique allows the active ingredient to be recognized by comparison with a
known drug standard. The approach using TLC chromatography is cheap, specific
and sensitive. The TLC procedures are therefore preferred, as they are capable of
giving semi-quantitative information on the active ingredient and also on any
related substances in the dosage forms.
Principle: The TLC technique consists of placing a spot of drug sample on a thin
layer of silica attached to a plate of glass, aluminum or plastic. The plate is then
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 2
inserted into a vessel containing a solvent mixture. By capillary action, the solvent
creeps up the adsorbent material, silica, alumina, or cellulose, and dissolves the
sample. The drug sample consists of a mixture of drug and inactive ingredients.
These compounds will have various affinities to the adsorbent matrix and will
migrate with the solvent at various speeds. This characteristic effectively separates
out a mixture of compounds.
After migration of the solvent is complete, individual components can be
visualized by chemical treatment or ultraviolet (UV) absorbance. The distance that
the components migrate is characteristic for each compound; therefore the active
ingredient can be recognized by comparison with a known drug standard. The
solvent can be modified to increase resolution between various components.
This method is relatively inexpensive, specific and sensitive. It is commonly used
to assess drug quality. For example in our experiment we analyses the Quinine
preparations.
Quinine is a natural white crystalline alkaloid having antipyretic (fever-reducing),
antimalarial, analgesic (painkilling), and anti-inflammatory properties and a bitter
taste. It is a stereoisomer of quinidine, which, unlike quinine, is an antiarrhythmic.
Quinine contains two major fused-ring systems: the aromatic quinoline and the
bicyclic quinuclidine. Check structure below;
Figure 2.Structure of Quinine
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 3
APPARATUS AND MATERIAL USED:
1) APPARATUS USED:
Two heavy-duty suitcases-Minilab kits contain the essential components which
are:
a) Aluminium chromatographic plates,
b) 50 ml glass bottle
c) 10ml vials
d) Stop watch
e) Developing and detection chambers
f) 25ml , 5ml and Micro Pipette
g) 25ml Measuring cylinders
h) UV lamps of 254nm wavelength.
i) Pens and pencils and ruler
j) Safety pipette filler
k) Beakers
l) Mortar and pestle.
m) Filter paper.
n) Round bottom flasks
Figure 3. Two heavy-duty suitcases contain the essential components.
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 4
2) MATERIAL USED:
The materials we used in our experiment were;
a) 300mg reference Quinine tablet.
b) 300mg sample Quinine tablet.
c) Aqueous methanol
d) Distilled water.
e) Conc. Ammonia solution.
PROCEDURES:
A. Preparation of stock standard solution:
 300mg reference tablet was grinded by using mortar and pestle and wash
down the powder completely with 3ml of water into a 50ml glass bottle.
 Then the bottle was closed and shakes it for 1minute.
 After that 27ml of methanol was added and close again the bottle. Then
shaken again for 3minutes and was left to stand for 5minutes until all
insoluble material settles down.
 After above time the glass bottle was label as Quinine stock standard
solution.
B. Preparation of working standard solution:
QUININE WORKING STANDARD
SOLUTION 100%=1.25mg/ml
QUININE WORKING STANDARD
SOLUTION 80%=1.0mg/ml.
10ml was pipette into vial
 1ml of stock standard solution.
 Then 7ml of methanol was
added
 Finally closed, shaken and
labeled as Quinine working
standard solution 100%
10ml was pipette into vial
 1ml of hazy stock standard
solution
 Then we added 9ml of
methanol
 Then Finally closed, shaken
and labeled as Quinine
working standard solution
80%
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 5
C. Preparation of Quinine stock sample solution (10mg/ml):
 300mg tablet was grinded by using mortar and pestle and wash down the
powder completely with 3ml of water into a 50ml glass bottle, then shaken
for 1minute and
 There after 27 ml of methanol was added.
 The bottle was closed and shaken for another 3minutes. Then left to stand
for 5minute until all insoluble material settles down
 After above time and ensuring that all insoluble material settles down, then
the bottle was labeled as Quinine stock sample solution.
D. Preparation of working sample solution:
 1ml of hazy stock sample solution was pipetted into 10ml vial
 Then 7ml of methanol was added, closed, shake and labeled as Quinine
working sample solution.
E. Preparation of developing chamber:
 20ml of methanol was pipette into the developing chamber jar then 0.5ml of
conc. Ammonia solution was added.
 Then the jar was closed and mixes thoroughly. Then the chamber’s wall was
line with filter paper.
 After wait for about 15minutes for chamber to saturating. Normally this time
was used for spotting as mention below.
F. Spotting (To Loading the TLC plate with sample solution):
 Firstly an origin line was mark about 1.5cm from the bottom edge with
pencil.
 Then 2micro litre of each working standard solution (both 100% as no. 1
and 80% as no. 4) was applied by using micro pipette.
 Then 2micro litre of each working sample solution (both as no. 2 and no. 3
for sample solution) also as above step was apply by using micro pipette.
 Then spots were waited till all dried off.
 After that the uniformity of all spots was check with UV light of 254nm.as
shown in figure.4 below
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 6
Figure.4 Observation of uniformity of spots by UV LIGHT LAMP of 254nm.
G. Development:
 After 15minutes ,carefully the loaded plate above was placed into the
developing chamber, then the jar was close we wait until the solvent front
has moved three quarter of the length of the plate (approximately
developing time about 20 minutes)
 Then the plate was removed and marked the solvent front
 There after the plate was dried simply by air although there is another way
of dying by use of hot plate but were not applying that.
H. Detection:
he chromatoplate was observe with UV light by using UV light lamp 254nm.
I. The final chromatoplate observed at 254nm:
Then the spots observed above were marked as:
 Run no.1=2.0µl of Quinine 100% standard solution
 Run no.2=2.0µl of sample solution
 Run no.3=2.0µl of sample solution
 Run no.4=2.0µl of Quinine 80% standard solution
RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS:
By using ruler we measured the distance travelled by components (let’s say be X)
and we recorded as below:
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 7
 Run no.1(X1)=3.9cm
 Run no.2(X2)=3.8cm
 Run no.3(X3)=3.8cm
 Run no.4(X4)=3.8cm
And distance travelled by solvents/distance of solvent front (Let’s say be Y)
=7.7
Then we calculated Rf values (reference values) as follows:
From the formula below;
Figure 5. Below is the chromatoplate we obtained after developing and marks
the spots under UV light
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 8
Then we calculated the Rf values (reference values) as summarized in Table: 1
below.
Table: 1
Run no. 1 2 3 4
X(cm) 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8
Y(cm) 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7
Rf= Rf100= Rfs1= Rfs2= Rf80=
ANSWER 0.5065 0.4935 0.4935 0.4935
DISCUSSION:
By utilize standard TLC technology we are able to analyze some commonly
adulterated counterfeit drug compounds. We able to identify the active ingredient
by comparison of distance of travel (RF value) between the sample spot and an
authentic standard spotted on the same plate.
We obtained these points;
 As we done in above experiment it appeared that Rf values for our sample
solutions are completely same/corresponding to that for Quinine 80%
standard solution which equal to 0.4935. But it’s slightly below to Quinine
100% standard solution which equal to 0.5065 may due to error since by in
approximately they correlated.
 Also the spots` color, size and intensity produced by sample solutions, are
nearly equal to that of Quinine 80% standard solution, but slightly less to
that of Quinine 100% standard solution.
Hence: we conclude that the sample solutions from tablets which claims to
contain QUININE as active ingredients they REAL contain quinine since the
reference value correspond to those of standard exactly same to Quinine 80%
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 9
standard solution but near same to Quinine 100% standard solution and color
under UV-light, size and intensity of spots are within range of Quinine 80%
and 100% standard solution. Therefore the drug is of good and required
quality.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1) Human error which are the parallax errors and the calculation errors.
2) Environmental contamination.
3) Human error due to contamination.
4) Error in spotting and loading sample.
5) Error in indicating solvent front and distance travelled by components.
6) Lack of visual equity.
CONCLUSSION:
Global Pharma Health Fund e.V. Mini-labs (GPHF-Minilab) is being used in 70
countries to help identify counterfeit and substandard drugs. These minilabs, which
contain simple materials (as described above) and that utilize standard TLC
technology are able to analyze some 40 commonly adulterated counterfeit drug
compounds. The Minilab supplies a collection of authentic secondary standard
tablets and capsules in sealed plastic tubes. The Minilab analysis identifies the
active ingredient by comparison of distance of travel (RF value) reference value
between the sample spot and an authentic standard spotted on the same plate, and
semi-quantitative proof of content is made visually comparing the color, size, and
intensity between the sample spot and reference spots for each method of
detection.
As above we analyzed Quinine preparations by comparing the Rf values of sample
solution and that of standard we obtained it’s corresponding to Quinine 80%
standard solution and approximately to Quinine100% standard solution. Also color
under UV-light, size and intensity of spots are within range of Quinine 80% and
100% standard solution. Hence is of a good or required quality.
Advantages of TLC: It analytical tool for
SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 10
 Identification and Quantification of substances
 Detection of impurities and degradation products of drugs, and
 It is cheap and simple apparatus
 Several samples can be analyzed simultaneously.
 Great flexibility in terms of stationary and mobile phases.
 No detection problems in the case of non-elution, thermal instability and
masking by solvent, since the applied substance remains on the plate.
ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT:
1) TO MR. EDSON
2) TO. Dr. KAALE
3) TO. MY FELLOW STUDENTS.
4) TO MY MOTHER.
REFERENCES:
1) Experiment protocol prepared by MEDCHEM. Department-MUHAS
2) USP-NF 2007
3) Harry W. Lewis and Christopher J. Moody (13 Jun 1989). Experimental
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Practice (Illustrated ed.). Wiley
Blackwell. pp. 159–173. ISBN 978-0-632-02017-1.
4) Thin Layer Chromatography: http://www.reachdevices.com/TLC.html
5) TLC plates as a convenient platform for solvent-free reactions Jonathan M.
Stoddard, Lien Nguyen, Hector Mata-Chavez and Kelly Nguyen Chem.
Commun., 2007, 1240 - 1241, doi:10.1039/b616311d
6) Joseph Sherma, Bernard Fried (1991): Handbook of Thin-Layer
Chromatography (= Chromatographic Science. Bd. 55). Marcel Dekker,
New York NY, ISBN 0-8247-8335-2.

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Hard gelatin capsules ppt B
Hard gelatin  capsules ppt BHard gelatin  capsules ppt B
Hard gelatin capsules ppt BMohammed Saleem
 
Pharmacognosy II notes
Pharmacognosy II notesPharmacognosy II notes
Pharmacognosy II notesDr. Samia
 
Alkaloids Pharmacognosy
Alkaloids PharmacognosyAlkaloids Pharmacognosy
Alkaloids PharmacognosyUnnati Garg
 
Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid, Rutin
Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid, RutinGlycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid, Rutin
Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid, Rutinrekha bhalerao
 
Quality control for rubber closures & secondary material
Quality control for rubber closures & secondary materialQuality control for rubber closures & secondary material
Quality control for rubber closures & secondary materialkavita bahmani
 
Schedule M-Jurisprudence
Schedule M-JurisprudenceSchedule M-Jurisprudence
Schedule M-JurisprudenceSaiyam Agarwal
 
Who guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs
Who guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugsWho guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs
Who guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugskanaparthi swarupa
 
Quality control test for packaging material ,qc test for glass,metal,rubber
Quality control test for packaging material ,qc test for glass,metal,rubberQuality control test for packaging material ,qc test for glass,metal,rubber
Quality control test for packaging material ,qc test for glass,metal,rubberKunalPatel257
 
extraction of important phytodrug
extraction of important phytodrugextraction of important phytodrug
extraction of important phytodrugMilantirtha Mete
 
Quality by design, B.PHARMACY, 6TH SEM, PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE, UNIT-I
Quality by design, B.PHARMACY, 6TH SEM, PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE, UNIT-IQuality by design, B.PHARMACY, 6TH SEM, PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE, UNIT-I
Quality by design, B.PHARMACY, 6TH SEM, PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE, UNIT-Isnigdharanibehera
 
Raw materials of capsule shell
Raw materials of capsule shellRaw materials of capsule shell
Raw materials of capsule shellArafathRahmanAkash
 

Mais procurados (20)

Herbs as health foods
Herbs as health foods Herbs as health foods
Herbs as health foods
 
HERBAL COSMETICS
HERBAL COSMETICSHERBAL COSMETICS
HERBAL COSMETICS
 
Hard gelatin capsules ppt B
Hard gelatin  capsules ppt BHard gelatin  capsules ppt B
Hard gelatin capsules ppt B
 
Theories of dissolution
Theories of dissolutionTheories of dissolution
Theories of dissolution
 
Pharmacognosy II notes
Pharmacognosy II notesPharmacognosy II notes
Pharmacognosy II notes
 
Vinca alkaloids
Vinca alkaloidsVinca alkaloids
Vinca alkaloids
 
Modern methods of extraction by Dr. Amit Gangwal
Modern methods of extraction by Dr. Amit Gangwal Modern methods of extraction by Dr. Amit Gangwal
Modern methods of extraction by Dr. Amit Gangwal
 
Alkaloids Pharmacognosy
Alkaloids PharmacognosyAlkaloids Pharmacognosy
Alkaloids Pharmacognosy
 
Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid, Rutin
Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid, RutinGlycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid, Rutin
Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid, Rutin
 
usp monograph
usp monographusp monograph
usp monograph
 
Quality control for rubber closures & secondary material
Quality control for rubber closures & secondary materialQuality control for rubber closures & secondary material
Quality control for rubber closures & secondary material
 
Schedule M-Jurisprudence
Schedule M-JurisprudenceSchedule M-Jurisprudence
Schedule M-Jurisprudence
 
Capsules
CapsulesCapsules
Capsules
 
Who guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs
Who guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugsWho guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs
Who guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs
 
Quality control test for packaging material ,qc test for glass,metal,rubber
Quality control test for packaging material ,qc test for glass,metal,rubberQuality control test for packaging material ,qc test for glass,metal,rubber
Quality control test for packaging material ,qc test for glass,metal,rubber
 
extraction of important phytodrug
extraction of important phytodrugextraction of important phytodrug
extraction of important phytodrug
 
Quality by design, B.PHARMACY, 6TH SEM, PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE, UNIT-I
Quality by design, B.PHARMACY, 6TH SEM, PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE, UNIT-IQuality by design, B.PHARMACY, 6TH SEM, PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE, UNIT-I
Quality by design, B.PHARMACY, 6TH SEM, PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE, UNIT-I
 
Raw materials of capsule shell
Raw materials of capsule shellRaw materials of capsule shell
Raw materials of capsule shell
 
Liquid orals for pharm.D
Liquid orals for pharm.DLiquid orals for pharm.D
Liquid orals for pharm.D
 
Preformulation
PreformulationPreformulation
Preformulation
 

Destaque

Fluorescencia
FluorescenciaFluorescencia
Fluorescenciaromypech
 
Determinación de quinina en agua tónica mediante Espectrometría de Fluorescen...
Determinación de quinina en agua tónica mediante Espectrometría de Fluorescen...Determinación de quinina en agua tónica mediante Espectrometría de Fluorescen...
Determinación de quinina en agua tónica mediante Espectrometría de Fluorescen...Daniel Martín-Yerga
 
Yield and yield components of pepper (capsicum annuum l.) as influenced by st...
Yield and yield components of pepper (capsicum annuum l.) as influenced by st...Yield and yield components of pepper (capsicum annuum l.) as influenced by st...
Yield and yield components of pepper (capsicum annuum l.) as influenced by st...Alexander Decker
 
ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF GLYCERRHIZIN AND PHYLLANTHIN
ISOLATION  AND  ESTIMATION  OF GLYCERRHIZIN  AND  PHYLLANTHINISOLATION  AND  ESTIMATION  OF GLYCERRHIZIN  AND  PHYLLANTHIN
ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF GLYCERRHIZIN AND PHYLLANTHINnaseefa
 
FACTORS INFLUENCING FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY
FACTORS INFLUENCING FLUORESCENCE INTENSITYFACTORS INFLUENCING FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY
FACTORS INFLUENCING FLUORESCENCE INTENSITYaishuanju
 
Standardisation of herbal drg
Standardisation of herbal drgStandardisation of herbal drg
Standardisation of herbal drgPriyanka Yadav
 
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)Arslan Tahir
 
TLC.....THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY..D.D.
TLC.....THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY..D.D.TLC.....THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY..D.D.
TLC.....THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY..D.D.Deep Das
 

Destaque (11)

Fluorescencia
FluorescenciaFluorescencia
Fluorescencia
 
Determinación de quinina en agua tónica mediante Espectrometría de Fluorescen...
Determinación de quinina en agua tónica mediante Espectrometría de Fluorescen...Determinación de quinina en agua tónica mediante Espectrometría de Fluorescen...
Determinación de quinina en agua tónica mediante Espectrometría de Fluorescen...
 
Yield and yield components of pepper (capsicum annuum l.) as influenced by st...
Yield and yield components of pepper (capsicum annuum l.) as influenced by st...Yield and yield components of pepper (capsicum annuum l.) as influenced by st...
Yield and yield components of pepper (capsicum annuum l.) as influenced by st...
 
ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF GLYCERRHIZIN AND PHYLLANTHIN
ISOLATION  AND  ESTIMATION  OF GLYCERRHIZIN  AND  PHYLLANTHINISOLATION  AND  ESTIMATION  OF GLYCERRHIZIN  AND  PHYLLANTHIN
ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF GLYCERRHIZIN AND PHYLLANTHIN
 
% De recobro
% De recobro% De recobro
% De recobro
 
Analysis of ayurvedic formulations
Analysis of ayurvedic formulationsAnalysis of ayurvedic formulations
Analysis of ayurvedic formulations
 
Quinina farma tony
Quinina farma tonyQuinina farma tony
Quinina farma tony
 
FACTORS INFLUENCING FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY
FACTORS INFLUENCING FLUORESCENCE INTENSITYFACTORS INFLUENCING FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY
FACTORS INFLUENCING FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY
 
Standardisation of herbal drg
Standardisation of herbal drgStandardisation of herbal drg
Standardisation of herbal drg
 
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)
 
TLC.....THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY..D.D.
TLC.....THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY..D.D.TLC.....THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY..D.D.
TLC.....THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY..D.D.
 

Semelhante a Analysis of quinine preparations by Minlab based TLC

Development and validation of GC-MS method for analysis of chloropyramine hyd...
Development and validation of GC-MS method for analysis of chloropyramine hyd...Development and validation of GC-MS method for analysis of chloropyramine hyd...
Development and validation of GC-MS method for analysis of chloropyramine hyd...iosrphr_editor
 
all sops combined pdf.pdf
all sops combined pdf.pdfall sops combined pdf.pdf
all sops combined pdf.pdfAsifSHAIKH50040
 
all sops combined pdf.pdf
all sops combined pdf.pdfall sops combined pdf.pdf
all sops combined pdf.pdfAsif Shaikh
 
Rapid UHPLC Determination of Common Preservatives in Cosmetic Products
Rapid UHPLC Determination of Common Preservatives in Cosmetic Products Rapid UHPLC Determination of Common Preservatives in Cosmetic Products
Rapid UHPLC Determination of Common Preservatives in Cosmetic Products v2zq
 
Paper and thin layer chomatography by himaja
Paper and thin layer chomatography by himajaPaper and thin layer chomatography by himaja
Paper and thin layer chomatography by himajahimaja donthula
 
Different dosage with qualitative and quantitative analysis
Different dosage with qualitative and quantitative analysisDifferent dosage with qualitative and quantitative analysis
Different dosage with qualitative and quantitative analysisTanvir Raihan
 
Nt1310 Unit 6 Lab Report
Nt1310 Unit 6 Lab ReportNt1310 Unit 6 Lab Report
Nt1310 Unit 6 Lab ReportShelly Martinez
 
IPQC & FPQC tests for creams
IPQC & FPQC tests for creamsIPQC & FPQC tests for creams
IPQC & FPQC tests for creamsMehulJain143
 
Analysis of analgesics and antipyretics.indu
Analysis of analgesics and  antipyretics.induAnalysis of analgesics and  antipyretics.indu
Analysis of analgesics and antipyretics.induhdghcfgfgftf
 
Vitamin estimation methods
Vitamin estimation methodsVitamin estimation methods
Vitamin estimation methodsMD Hossain
 
Pharmaceutical Analysis PPT (BP 102T)
Pharmaceutical Analysis PPT (BP 102T) Pharmaceutical Analysis PPT (BP 102T)
Pharmaceutical Analysis PPT (BP 102T) yakshpharmacy009
 
Fumonisin
FumonisinFumonisin
Fumonisinmzk57
 
Ipqc tests for sterile formulations
Ipqc tests for sterile formulationsIpqc tests for sterile formulations
Ipqc tests for sterile formulationsPramod Ramane
 
Lab Report On Ultrasound Treatment
Lab Report On Ultrasound TreatmentLab Report On Ultrasound Treatment
Lab Report On Ultrasound TreatmentJennifer Perry
 
aseptic process technology
 aseptic process technology aseptic process technology
aseptic process technologyPRANJAY PATIL
 
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PRESERVATIVES, EMULSIFIERS, AND COLOURING MATER...
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PRESERVATIVES, EMULSIFIERS, AND COLOURING MATER...QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PRESERVATIVES, EMULSIFIERS, AND COLOURING MATER...
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PRESERVATIVES, EMULSIFIERS, AND COLOURING MATER...CARE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
 
Preformulation study for candesartan cilexetil buccal (effervescent
Preformulation study for candesartan cilexetil buccal (effervescentPreformulation study for candesartan cilexetil buccal (effervescent
Preformulation study for candesartan cilexetil buccal (effervescentAishwarya Mahangade
 

Semelhante a Analysis of quinine preparations by Minlab based TLC (20)

Development and validation of GC-MS method for analysis of chloropyramine hyd...
Development and validation of GC-MS method for analysis of chloropyramine hyd...Development and validation of GC-MS method for analysis of chloropyramine hyd...
Development and validation of GC-MS method for analysis of chloropyramine hyd...
 
all sops combined pdf.pdf
all sops combined pdf.pdfall sops combined pdf.pdf
all sops combined pdf.pdf
 
all sops combined pdf.pdf
all sops combined pdf.pdfall sops combined pdf.pdf
all sops combined pdf.pdf
 
Rapid UHPLC Determination of Common Preservatives in Cosmetic Products
Rapid UHPLC Determination of Common Preservatives in Cosmetic Products Rapid UHPLC Determination of Common Preservatives in Cosmetic Products
Rapid UHPLC Determination of Common Preservatives in Cosmetic Products
 
Paper and thin layer chomatography by himaja
Paper and thin layer chomatography by himajaPaper and thin layer chomatography by himaja
Paper and thin layer chomatography by himaja
 
Different dosage with qualitative and quantitative analysis
Different dosage with qualitative and quantitative analysisDifferent dosage with qualitative and quantitative analysis
Different dosage with qualitative and quantitative analysis
 
Tlc,hptlc,column
Tlc,hptlc,columnTlc,hptlc,column
Tlc,hptlc,column
 
Nt1310 Unit 6 Lab Report
Nt1310 Unit 6 Lab ReportNt1310 Unit 6 Lab Report
Nt1310 Unit 6 Lab Report
 
IPQC & FPQC tests for creams
IPQC & FPQC tests for creamsIPQC & FPQC tests for creams
IPQC & FPQC tests for creams
 
Analysis of analgesics and antipyretics.indu
Analysis of analgesics and  antipyretics.induAnalysis of analgesics and  antipyretics.indu
Analysis of analgesics and antipyretics.indu
 
Vitamin estimation methods
Vitamin estimation methodsVitamin estimation methods
Vitamin estimation methods
 
Pharmaceutical Analysis PPT (BP 102T)
Pharmaceutical Analysis PPT (BP 102T) Pharmaceutical Analysis PPT (BP 102T)
Pharmaceutical Analysis PPT (BP 102T)
 
Fumonisin
FumonisinFumonisin
Fumonisin
 
Ipqc tests for sterile formulations
Ipqc tests for sterile formulationsIpqc tests for sterile formulations
Ipqc tests for sterile formulations
 
Lab Report On Ultrasound Treatment
Lab Report On Ultrasound TreatmentLab Report On Ultrasound Treatment
Lab Report On Ultrasound Treatment
 
Thesis presentation
Thesis presentationThesis presentation
Thesis presentation
 
aseptic process technology
 aseptic process technology aseptic process technology
aseptic process technology
 
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PRESERVATIVES, EMULSIFIERS, AND COLOURING MATER...
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PRESERVATIVES, EMULSIFIERS, AND COLOURING MATER...QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PRESERVATIVES, EMULSIFIERS, AND COLOURING MATER...
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PRESERVATIVES, EMULSIFIERS, AND COLOURING MATER...
 
Paper chromatography
Paper chromatography Paper chromatography
Paper chromatography
 
Preformulation study for candesartan cilexetil buccal (effervescent
Preformulation study for candesartan cilexetil buccal (effervescentPreformulation study for candesartan cilexetil buccal (effervescent
Preformulation study for candesartan cilexetil buccal (effervescent
 

Mais de Salum Mkata

GUIDELINES FOR USE OF BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
GUIDELINES FOR USE OF BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONSGUIDELINES FOR USE OF BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
GUIDELINES FOR USE OF BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONSSalum Mkata
 
Sampling in process validation
Sampling in process validationSampling in process validation
Sampling in process validationSalum Mkata
 
Common abbreviations used in the prescriptions by great ngwazi
Common abbreviations used in the prescriptions by great ngwaziCommon abbreviations used in the prescriptions by great ngwazi
Common abbreviations used in the prescriptions by great ngwaziSalum Mkata
 
Morning sickness
Morning sicknessMorning sickness
Morning sicknessSalum Mkata
 
How to heal acne fast and naturally
How to heal acne fast and naturallyHow to heal acne fast and naturally
How to heal acne fast and naturallySalum Mkata
 
9 common drugs that every diabetic should avoid
9 common drugs that every diabetic should avoid9 common drugs that every diabetic should avoid
9 common drugs that every diabetic should avoidSalum Mkata
 
Uv vis spectroscopy practical.
Uv vis spectroscopy practical.Uv vis spectroscopy practical.
Uv vis spectroscopy practical.Salum Mkata
 
Dissolution test.
Dissolution test.Dissolution test.
Dissolution test.Salum Mkata
 
Water intoxication
Water intoxicationWater intoxication
Water intoxicationSalum Mkata
 
Effects of food on absorption of drugs
Effects of food on absorption of drugsEffects of food on absorption of drugs
Effects of food on absorption of drugsSalum Mkata
 
Drugs and substances with disulfiram like reactions
Drugs and substances  with disulfiram like reactionsDrugs and substances  with disulfiram like reactions
Drugs and substances with disulfiram like reactionsSalum Mkata
 
RECOMBINANT DNA AMPLICATION
RECOMBINANT DNA AMPLICATIONRECOMBINANT DNA AMPLICATION
RECOMBINANT DNA AMPLICATIONSalum Mkata
 
Drug for leshimania and trypanasomiasis
Drug for leshimania and trypanasomiasisDrug for leshimania and trypanasomiasis
Drug for leshimania and trypanasomiasisSalum Mkata
 

Mais de Salum Mkata (20)

GUIDELINES FOR USE OF BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
GUIDELINES FOR USE OF BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONSGUIDELINES FOR USE OF BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
GUIDELINES FOR USE OF BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
 
Sampling in process validation
Sampling in process validationSampling in process validation
Sampling in process validation
 
Birth control
Birth controlBirth control
Birth control
 
Common abbreviations used in the prescriptions by great ngwazi
Common abbreviations used in the prescriptions by great ngwaziCommon abbreviations used in the prescriptions by great ngwazi
Common abbreviations used in the prescriptions by great ngwazi
 
Coconut water
Coconut waterCoconut water
Coconut water
 
Morning sickness
Morning sicknessMorning sickness
Morning sickness
 
Sensitive teeth
Sensitive teethSensitive teeth
Sensitive teeth
 
How to heal acne fast and naturally
How to heal acne fast and naturallyHow to heal acne fast and naturally
How to heal acne fast and naturally
 
Acne vulgaris
Acne vulgarisAcne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris
 
Warts
WartsWarts
Warts
 
9 common drugs that every diabetic should avoid
9 common drugs that every diabetic should avoid9 common drugs that every diabetic should avoid
9 common drugs that every diabetic should avoid
 
Uv vis spectroscopy practical.
Uv vis spectroscopy practical.Uv vis spectroscopy practical.
Uv vis spectroscopy practical.
 
Dissolution test.
Dissolution test.Dissolution test.
Dissolution test.
 
flouride
flourideflouride
flouride
 
Water intoxication
Water intoxicationWater intoxication
Water intoxication
 
Dengue fever
Dengue feverDengue fever
Dengue fever
 
Effects of food on absorption of drugs
Effects of food on absorption of drugsEffects of food on absorption of drugs
Effects of food on absorption of drugs
 
Drugs and substances with disulfiram like reactions
Drugs and substances  with disulfiram like reactionsDrugs and substances  with disulfiram like reactions
Drugs and substances with disulfiram like reactions
 
RECOMBINANT DNA AMPLICATION
RECOMBINANT DNA AMPLICATIONRECOMBINANT DNA AMPLICATION
RECOMBINANT DNA AMPLICATION
 
Drug for leshimania and trypanasomiasis
Drug for leshimania and trypanasomiasisDrug for leshimania and trypanasomiasis
Drug for leshimania and trypanasomiasis
 

Último

IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxIB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxUalikhanKalkhojayev1
 
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptxSCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptxROVELYNEDELUNA3
 
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchExploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchPrachya Adhyayan
 
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdfGene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdfNetHelix
 
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...marwaahmad357
 
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxBureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxkastureyashashree
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPirithiRaju
 
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdfSUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdfsantiagojoderickdoma
 
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky WayShiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky WaySérgio Sacani
 
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdfPests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdfPirithiRaju
 
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.pptMARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.pptaigil2
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.ShwetaHattimare
 
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)chatterjeesoumili50
 
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPRPirithiRaju
 
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENTMARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENTjipexe1248
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. MUKTA MANJARI SAHOO
 
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPirithiRaju
 
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptxRole of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptxVaishnaviAware
 

Último (20)

IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxIB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
 
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptxSCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
 
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchExploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
 
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdfGene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
 
Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...
Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...
Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...
 
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
 
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxBureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
 
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdfSUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
 
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky WayShiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
 
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdfPests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
 
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.pptMARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
 
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
 
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
 
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENTMARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
 
Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...
Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...
Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...
 
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
 
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptxRole of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptx
 

Analysis of quinine preparations by Minlab based TLC

  • 1. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 1 DATE: June 12, 2014 PRACT. REPORT ON ANALYSIS OF QUININE PREPARATION BY TLC: AIM: To analyses the Quinine preparations by TLC-based MINLAB. INTRODUCTION AND THEORY: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of glass, plastic, or aluminium foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, usually silica gel, aluminium oxide, or cellulose. This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase. Figure.1.Separation of black ink on a TLC plate. Thin layer chromatography is the main screening method being used today in order to determine if a drug product meets label specifications and is legal. TLC can be employed for the identification of drug substances, to estimate drug substance content and to detect related substances that may be regarded as impurities. This technique allows the active ingredient to be recognized by comparison with a known drug standard. The approach using TLC chromatography is cheap, specific and sensitive. The TLC procedures are therefore preferred, as they are capable of giving semi-quantitative information on the active ingredient and also on any related substances in the dosage forms. Principle: The TLC technique consists of placing a spot of drug sample on a thin layer of silica attached to a plate of glass, aluminum or plastic. The plate is then
  • 2. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 2 inserted into a vessel containing a solvent mixture. By capillary action, the solvent creeps up the adsorbent material, silica, alumina, or cellulose, and dissolves the sample. The drug sample consists of a mixture of drug and inactive ingredients. These compounds will have various affinities to the adsorbent matrix and will migrate with the solvent at various speeds. This characteristic effectively separates out a mixture of compounds. After migration of the solvent is complete, individual components can be visualized by chemical treatment or ultraviolet (UV) absorbance. The distance that the components migrate is characteristic for each compound; therefore the active ingredient can be recognized by comparison with a known drug standard. The solvent can be modified to increase resolution between various components. This method is relatively inexpensive, specific and sensitive. It is commonly used to assess drug quality. For example in our experiment we analyses the Quinine preparations. Quinine is a natural white crystalline alkaloid having antipyretic (fever-reducing), antimalarial, analgesic (painkilling), and anti-inflammatory properties and a bitter taste. It is a stereoisomer of quinidine, which, unlike quinine, is an antiarrhythmic. Quinine contains two major fused-ring systems: the aromatic quinoline and the bicyclic quinuclidine. Check structure below; Figure 2.Structure of Quinine
  • 3. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 3 APPARATUS AND MATERIAL USED: 1) APPARATUS USED: Two heavy-duty suitcases-Minilab kits contain the essential components which are: a) Aluminium chromatographic plates, b) 50 ml glass bottle c) 10ml vials d) Stop watch e) Developing and detection chambers f) 25ml , 5ml and Micro Pipette g) 25ml Measuring cylinders h) UV lamps of 254nm wavelength. i) Pens and pencils and ruler j) Safety pipette filler k) Beakers l) Mortar and pestle. m) Filter paper. n) Round bottom flasks Figure 3. Two heavy-duty suitcases contain the essential components.
  • 4. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 4 2) MATERIAL USED: The materials we used in our experiment were; a) 300mg reference Quinine tablet. b) 300mg sample Quinine tablet. c) Aqueous methanol d) Distilled water. e) Conc. Ammonia solution. PROCEDURES: A. Preparation of stock standard solution:  300mg reference tablet was grinded by using mortar and pestle and wash down the powder completely with 3ml of water into a 50ml glass bottle.  Then the bottle was closed and shakes it for 1minute.  After that 27ml of methanol was added and close again the bottle. Then shaken again for 3minutes and was left to stand for 5minutes until all insoluble material settles down.  After above time the glass bottle was label as Quinine stock standard solution. B. Preparation of working standard solution: QUININE WORKING STANDARD SOLUTION 100%=1.25mg/ml QUININE WORKING STANDARD SOLUTION 80%=1.0mg/ml. 10ml was pipette into vial  1ml of stock standard solution.  Then 7ml of methanol was added  Finally closed, shaken and labeled as Quinine working standard solution 100% 10ml was pipette into vial  1ml of hazy stock standard solution  Then we added 9ml of methanol  Then Finally closed, shaken and labeled as Quinine working standard solution 80%
  • 5. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 5 C. Preparation of Quinine stock sample solution (10mg/ml):  300mg tablet was grinded by using mortar and pestle and wash down the powder completely with 3ml of water into a 50ml glass bottle, then shaken for 1minute and  There after 27 ml of methanol was added.  The bottle was closed and shaken for another 3minutes. Then left to stand for 5minute until all insoluble material settles down  After above time and ensuring that all insoluble material settles down, then the bottle was labeled as Quinine stock sample solution. D. Preparation of working sample solution:  1ml of hazy stock sample solution was pipetted into 10ml vial  Then 7ml of methanol was added, closed, shake and labeled as Quinine working sample solution. E. Preparation of developing chamber:  20ml of methanol was pipette into the developing chamber jar then 0.5ml of conc. Ammonia solution was added.  Then the jar was closed and mixes thoroughly. Then the chamber’s wall was line with filter paper.  After wait for about 15minutes for chamber to saturating. Normally this time was used for spotting as mention below. F. Spotting (To Loading the TLC plate with sample solution):  Firstly an origin line was mark about 1.5cm from the bottom edge with pencil.  Then 2micro litre of each working standard solution (both 100% as no. 1 and 80% as no. 4) was applied by using micro pipette.  Then 2micro litre of each working sample solution (both as no. 2 and no. 3 for sample solution) also as above step was apply by using micro pipette.  Then spots were waited till all dried off.  After that the uniformity of all spots was check with UV light of 254nm.as shown in figure.4 below
  • 6. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 6 Figure.4 Observation of uniformity of spots by UV LIGHT LAMP of 254nm. G. Development:  After 15minutes ,carefully the loaded plate above was placed into the developing chamber, then the jar was close we wait until the solvent front has moved three quarter of the length of the plate (approximately developing time about 20 minutes)  Then the plate was removed and marked the solvent front  There after the plate was dried simply by air although there is another way of dying by use of hot plate but were not applying that. H. Detection: he chromatoplate was observe with UV light by using UV light lamp 254nm. I. The final chromatoplate observed at 254nm: Then the spots observed above were marked as:  Run no.1=2.0µl of Quinine 100% standard solution  Run no.2=2.0µl of sample solution  Run no.3=2.0µl of sample solution  Run no.4=2.0µl of Quinine 80% standard solution RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS: By using ruler we measured the distance travelled by components (let’s say be X) and we recorded as below:
  • 7. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 7  Run no.1(X1)=3.9cm  Run no.2(X2)=3.8cm  Run no.3(X3)=3.8cm  Run no.4(X4)=3.8cm And distance travelled by solvents/distance of solvent front (Let’s say be Y) =7.7 Then we calculated Rf values (reference values) as follows: From the formula below; Figure 5. Below is the chromatoplate we obtained after developing and marks the spots under UV light
  • 8. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 8 Then we calculated the Rf values (reference values) as summarized in Table: 1 below. Table: 1 Run no. 1 2 3 4 X(cm) 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 Y(cm) 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 Rf= Rf100= Rfs1= Rfs2= Rf80= ANSWER 0.5065 0.4935 0.4935 0.4935 DISCUSSION: By utilize standard TLC technology we are able to analyze some commonly adulterated counterfeit drug compounds. We able to identify the active ingredient by comparison of distance of travel (RF value) between the sample spot and an authentic standard spotted on the same plate. We obtained these points;  As we done in above experiment it appeared that Rf values for our sample solutions are completely same/corresponding to that for Quinine 80% standard solution which equal to 0.4935. But it’s slightly below to Quinine 100% standard solution which equal to 0.5065 may due to error since by in approximately they correlated.  Also the spots` color, size and intensity produced by sample solutions, are nearly equal to that of Quinine 80% standard solution, but slightly less to that of Quinine 100% standard solution. Hence: we conclude that the sample solutions from tablets which claims to contain QUININE as active ingredients they REAL contain quinine since the reference value correspond to those of standard exactly same to Quinine 80%
  • 9. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 9 standard solution but near same to Quinine 100% standard solution and color under UV-light, size and intensity of spots are within range of Quinine 80% and 100% standard solution. Therefore the drug is of good and required quality. SOURCES OF ERROR: 1) Human error which are the parallax errors and the calculation errors. 2) Environmental contamination. 3) Human error due to contamination. 4) Error in spotting and loading sample. 5) Error in indicating solvent front and distance travelled by components. 6) Lack of visual equity. CONCLUSSION: Global Pharma Health Fund e.V. Mini-labs (GPHF-Minilab) is being used in 70 countries to help identify counterfeit and substandard drugs. These minilabs, which contain simple materials (as described above) and that utilize standard TLC technology are able to analyze some 40 commonly adulterated counterfeit drug compounds. The Minilab supplies a collection of authentic secondary standard tablets and capsules in sealed plastic tubes. The Minilab analysis identifies the active ingredient by comparison of distance of travel (RF value) reference value between the sample spot and an authentic standard spotted on the same plate, and semi-quantitative proof of content is made visually comparing the color, size, and intensity between the sample spot and reference spots for each method of detection. As above we analyzed Quinine preparations by comparing the Rf values of sample solution and that of standard we obtained it’s corresponding to Quinine 80% standard solution and approximately to Quinine100% standard solution. Also color under UV-light, size and intensity of spots are within range of Quinine 80% and 100% standard solution. Hence is of a good or required quality. Advantages of TLC: It analytical tool for
  • 10. SALUM MKATA B.Pharm 3 10  Identification and Quantification of substances  Detection of impurities and degradation products of drugs, and  It is cheap and simple apparatus  Several samples can be analyzed simultaneously.  Great flexibility in terms of stationary and mobile phases.  No detection problems in the case of non-elution, thermal instability and masking by solvent, since the applied substance remains on the plate. ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT: 1) TO MR. EDSON 2) TO. Dr. KAALE 3) TO. MY FELLOW STUDENTS. 4) TO MY MOTHER. REFERENCES: 1) Experiment protocol prepared by MEDCHEM. Department-MUHAS 2) USP-NF 2007 3) Harry W. Lewis and Christopher J. Moody (13 Jun 1989). Experimental Organic Chemistry: Principles and Practice (Illustrated ed.). Wiley Blackwell. pp. 159–173. ISBN 978-0-632-02017-1. 4) Thin Layer Chromatography: http://www.reachdevices.com/TLC.html 5) TLC plates as a convenient platform for solvent-free reactions Jonathan M. Stoddard, Lien Nguyen, Hector Mata-Chavez and Kelly Nguyen Chem. Commun., 2007, 1240 - 1241, doi:10.1039/b616311d 6) Joseph Sherma, Bernard Fried (1991): Handbook of Thin-Layer Chromatography (= Chromatographic Science. Bd. 55). Marcel Dekker, New York NY, ISBN 0-8247-8335-2.