This is my research paper on kerala education.

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An Analytical Study of Education Scenario in Kerala
A Research Project
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION
By
Sajid Hushain
Enrollment No.131142
Submitted To
DEPARTMENT OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION
INVERTIS UNIVERSITY
BAREILLY 243123 (UP)
Under the Supervision of
Dr. Meenakshi H. Verma
Associate Professor
Invertis University Bareilly
2016

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Dr. Meenakshi H.Verma
Associate Professor
Invertis Institute of Journalism & Mass Communication
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the declaration made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. He has
carried out this work independently under my supervision and has worked under my guidance for more than
Three Months. This Research is a bonafide work and has not been submitted for a degree at any other university.
(Dr. Meenakshi.H.Verma)

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Acknowledgement
On the very outset of this report, I would like to extend my sincere & heartfelt obligation towards all the
personages who have helped me in this endeavor. Without their active guidance, help, cooperation &
encouragement, I would not have made headway in the project. I am ineffably indebted to Dr. Meenakshi Verma
for conscientious guidance and encouragement to accomplish this assignment. I am extremely thankful and pay
my gratitude to my faculty Mrs. Meenakshi Verma for her valuable guidance and support on completion of this
project in its presently.
I extend my gratitude to Invertis University for giving me this opportunities. I also acknowledge with a deep
sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents and members of my family, who has always support me
morally as well as economically. At last but not least gratitude goes to all of my friends who directly or
indirectly helped me to complete this project report.
I would also like to thank Mr. Tarun Agarwal who, instead of his busy schedule, always guided me in right
direction.
Sajid Hushain

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Preface
Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence. Kerala
has a unique place in the educational map of India. Educational initiatives spearheaded by various agencies for
the last one century made Kerala the most literate state in India. During a period when the number of childhood
in the school going age has been on the decline, hundreds of new private English medium schools are cropping
up in every nook and corner of the state. At the same time, more than a thousand schools have been declared
uneconomic. The educational scenario in Kerala is far advanced than other states of India. The Kerala model of
development owes it attributed success to the achievements in the area of education and health.
In this scenario the purpose of educational statistics per se seems dubious. Developments have changed the total
outlook about the education in Kerala. Kerala’s achievements in the field of education – near total literacy, free
and universal primary education. As a student of mass communication, I wished to study about Kerala education
an analytical point of view to help myself understand how to Kerala become a first state to achieve 100%
primary education.

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DECLARATION
I, hereby, declare that the present research work entitled “An Analytical Study of Education Scenario in Kerala”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of the Bachelor of Journalism &
Mass Communication from Invertis University, Bareilly (UP), is an authentic record of my own work carried out
under the guidance of Dr. Meenakshi Verma, Assistant Professor, Invertis University, Bareilly.
The matter embodied herein has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree or diploma.
( Sajid Hushain )

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TABLE OF CONTENT:-
Abstract
Chapter- 1
Introduction
Aim of the Study
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Chapter- 2 Education system in Kerala
Levels of education
 Primary or Elementary Education
 Secondary (High School) and Higher Secondary education
 Vocational Schools
 Higher Education
Chapter- 3 Education scenario in Kerala
Literacy Rate of Kerala
Adult Education
Women's Education
Conclusion
Chapter- 4
Findings & Analysis
References

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An Analytical Study of Education Scenario in Kerala
Abstract
The importance and antiquity of education in Kerala is understanding by the state’s ranking as among the most
literate in the country. Kerala‘s achievement in social development and quality of life are, no doubt, inspiring
and encouraging. The society attaches so much importance to education that the school in Kerala is really the
nucleus of the social microcosm. Better education kindles the aspirations of the people and the main concern is
on how to improve the quality of education. The history of western education in Kerala can be traced to
Christian missionaries who set up a number of schools and colleges. Modern Education in Kerala started several
decades back with the declaration of the maharaja of Travancore in 1844 that those trained in English schools
would be given preference in public services. Raja’s free school was established by Government in 1834 to
provide English education. Kerala with a literacy rate of 90.90%, stands rate among other Indian states. Kerala
with Its culture of respecting womanhood had given due value to her rights and needs boosting her self-esteem.
In spite of its varied traditions, all have offered more scope and place for woman than they experienced
elsewhere in India. The state has achieved a human development index comparable to the development countries
of the world.

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Introduction
The Kerala model of development owes it attributed success to the achievements in the area of education and
health.Schools and colleges in kerala are run either by the government, private trusts and individuals. The
schools in Kerala are affiliated to India certificate of secondary education (ICSE), the central board for
secondary education (CBSC) and the Kerala state education board. The excellent education system of Kerala
attracts students from other nations. The progress in the number of educational institutions in the state is rapid.
Recognizing the need for a literate population and provision of elementary education as a crucial input for nation
building, the state government with the backing of central government, launched a number of plans and
programs over the past years to facilitate the provision of free and compulsory education with satisfactory
quality to all children at least up to the age of 14 years. In Kerala Six Curriculum Sub-Committee- General,
Mathematics, Science, Social Science. Educational initiatives spearheaded by various agencies for the last one
century made Kerala the most literate state of India. Education in Kerala, under liberalization, is being
commercialized and commodified down from the kindergarten to the higher stages. During a period when the
number of children in the school-going age has been on the decline, hundreds of new private English medium
schools are cropping up in every nook and corner of the state. At the same time, more than a thousand schools
have been declared in economic. At the higher levels institutions offering new courses crop up while the old ones
whither according the whims and winds of the market and outside the country.

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Aim of the Study
My aim to study education scenario of Kerala is to critically analyze from the point of view of education. It is
show the level of education. Today Kerala change the education system of India. During my research work, I
would observe and study if he has been showing in the quality of education to the world. My study is done
keeping in view what makes him a good system and rules of education.

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Literature Review
According to the daily newspaper, Education Minister of Kerala, P K Abdu Rabb said,'' Kerala has become the
first in the country to achieve primary education. This has been achieved through the primary education
equivalency drive of the state literacy mission-Thulium. The equivalency programs have proved a huge success
and the ultimate objective is to achieve total plus-two education in the state.'' In the second phase of this
programmed, the student who have not received primary education or who failed to get primary education due to
several reasons will be recognized and these students will be provided classes to achieve the education. Those
aged between 15 and 50 years were beneficiaries of the programmed and were identified through family
registries prepared by aganwadis under the social justice department. Further in a report, around 2.6 lakhs
candidates appeared for the fourth standard equivalency examination in June 2015 and 2.2 lakhs candidates
passed. The equivalency exam was conducted in 6,613 centers across the state and those who scored 30/75 in
English and 20/50 in other subjects were declared winners. The significance of education in Kerala is indicated
by the state's ranking as the most literate in the country. Schools and colleges are mostly administered by the
government, privates, trusts, or individuals. Each school is associated with either the Indian certificate of
Secondary Education (ICSE), the central board for secondary Education Board or the (NIOS).
According to the Indian express, the government's claim that Kerala has achieved complete primary education-a
year into launching the special drive-raises many doubts. Kerala has the first Indian state to achieve total primary
education. This is reckoned as another achievement for the state which had earlier, in 1991, been declared as the
first complete literate state, although the literacy drive in Kerala lost its steam in the later years pegging the
literacy rate at 3.9 per cent, as per census 2011.To achieve t total primary education in the state, Kerala State
Literacy Mission, which is the nodal agency for conducting continuing education programs, had launched a
special scheme ''Thulium'' in October, 2014. As per the scheme, the literacy mission had identified people who
had not completed their primary education. They have been given five-month training, enabling them to attend
the fourth equivalency programmed, in a year. However, the government's claim that Kerala has achieved
complete primary education-a year into launching the special drive-raises many doubts. It was in Nilambur
panchayat in Malappuram that Thulium was first launched in 2006.The panchayat identified 2000-odd men and
women who had abandoned their primary classes. It took two years for the literacy mission to ensure that all
candidates in that panchayat attained fourth grade equivalency. With a mission to give fourth-grade equivalency
classes to two lakh candidates, the project was rolled out across the state only a year back. The classes, exam,
and evaluation were conducted by the Kerala State Literacy Mission. No external agency was assigned to look
into or verify whether all candidates of the Anthelia project had passed the examination. When the pilot project
was launched in Nilambpur panchayat, such an exercise by an external expert agency was done. Now with
elections round the corner, the congress government seems to have rushed to get the status of the first state to
achieve complete primary education. In that haste, the state would have missed to notice the present trend of
drop out of Dalit's and tribal children from primary classes. Many fear such a declaration would only do a
disservice to the weaker sections who failed to come within the ambit of the project, particularly when the census
2011 had identified 19 lakh illiterate people in the state.

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According to the Prof. Amartya Sen, The importance and antiquity of education in Kerala is underscored by the
state's ranking as among the most literate in the country. The local dynastic precursors of modern-day Kerala
made significant contributions to the progress on education in Kerala. There were many Sabah mat hams that
imparted Vedic knowledge. Apart from kalaris, which taught martial arts, there were village schools run by
Ezhuthanchans or Asians. The history of western in Kerala can be traced to Christian missionaries who set up
number of schools and colleges. These institutions played significant roles in shaping the courses of education in
Kerala. Kerala's achievements in social development and quality of life are, doubt, inspiring and encouraging.
The state has achieved a human development index comparable to the developed countries of the World. The
department administers school education from pre-primary Level to the secondary level and also teach her
training.

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Research Methodology
My research is based on primary and secondary data. Mainly, I have used observation method. I have read ppd’s
about Kerala education. Studying a number of sites and various critics and information from internet has provided
me sufficient material to do deep study of his films from various angles of cinema. I have also read the qualities of
education of Kerala.
The educational data have to flow through a long channel from the institution to the D.P.I. and thence to the Ministry
of Education. The primary and the middle schools send their returns to the Assistant Educational Officers, from
where they are forwarded to the District Educational Officers. The District Educational Officers (D.E.O)s are also
responsible for collection of returns for high schools, teacher training schools, vocational and technical schools and
special education schools.
Apart from the inordinate delay incurred in sending the consolidated figures, the overall picture of the data
collection in Kerala is satisfactory when juxtaposed with the performance of several other states in the country.
Notwithstanding, there are problems of comparability of data both at the national level because of different patterns
of education prevailing in the different state as well as within the state because of frequent changes in the items in
the preform.
Levels of education

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Educational expansion in Kerala has a long history and it is Unique in many respects. In Kerala, education is divided
into 3 different stages-
1. Primary
 Lower Primary ( Classes I - IV )
 Upper Primary ( Classes V - VII )
2. Secondary
 Secondary ( Classes VIII - X )
3. Higher secondary
 Higher Secondary ( Classes XI - XII )
Primary or Elementary Education
Is the basic stage in schooling Primary is further divided into Upper Primary (UP) and Lower primary (LP). Apart
from the the primary schools there are pre-primary institutions which include Independent primary schools and other
institutions attached to schools.
Number of Primary Schools in Kerala -
Schools Govt. Pvt. Aided Pvt.
Unaided
Total
L P School 2551 4003 158 6712
U P School 957 1870 124 2951
Secondary (High School) and Higher Secondary education
This serves as a bridge between the Elementary and Higher Education to prepare young persons of the age group of
14 to 18 for entry into higher education.
Number of Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools in Kerala -

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Schools Govt. Pvt. Aided Pvt. Unaided Total
High Schools 984 1409 215 2608
Higher
Secondary
Schools
416 512 339 1267
Vocational Schools
These were setup as part of the scheme of vocationalisation of secondary education and the scheme was
implemented in 1988 and later revised in 1993. The main aim of implementation of such a course is to train the
students for some occupation, business, profession or trade.
Number of Vocational Schools in Kerala -
Schools Govt. Pvt. Aided Pvt. Unaided Total
Vocational H.S.S. 247 128 - 375
Higher Education
This refers to the education at college or university level and is Divided into Graduation (Bachelor's degree) and
Post-Graduation (Master's Degree). With the colleges offering a wide variety of courses in various branches of study
to choose from, the students are provided with ample opportunities to Specialize in eldest of their interest. All
colleges in Kerala are affiliated to one of the seven Universities of the state.
Number of Arts and Science Colleges in Kerala -
Government Private Unaided Universities
38 148 5 8
Professional Education: With the introduction of the new educational policy by the state government, which enabled
private colleges on Self-Financing basis, a Number of colleges offering professional education commenced
throughout the State. Admission to most of these colleges are based on the marks obtained in the Entrance
examinations. Self-Financing colleges offer 50% seats on merit basis and the rest in management quota.
Number of Professional Colleges

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Type of Institutions Number
Medical Colleges 9
Pharmacy Colleges 11
Dental Colleges 9
Homeo Colleges 5
Engineering Colleges 77
Nursing Colleges 31

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Poly Technics 121
Ayurveda Colleges 10
Agricultural Colleges 9
Food Craft Institutes 7
Women's Education
The government is committed to bring about basic change in the status of woman through
education. Education helps in the emancipation of woman and there by improving their. Female
literacy rate in Kerala is 87.7%, which is higher than the rate in any other India state. Emphasis
had been laid on enrolling and retention of girl in normal schooling and no formal education.
Adult Education
This include both general (reading and writing) and vocational education, often through evening
classes. Such classes are conducted throughout the state, especially in rural and tribal areas, by
government organizations and voluntary associations.

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Literacy Rate of Kerala
Kerala with its rich culture of respecting womanhood had given due value to her rights and needs
boosting her self-esteem. In spite of its varied traditions, all have offered more scope and place
for women than they experienced elsewhere in India.
While reviewing the history of Kerala, we could see her transformation into the forefront of the
society as gradual but a cautious one. Yet, she was not aloof from the errands of rearing children
and household chores. Still, she seems pleasing and gratifying the needs of the family and
maintains an inimitable status of her own apart from the counterparts and women of other states.
We pride ourselves on being the state with the highest literacy rate among women, a state where
female to male ratio is higher, suggesting that there are fewer numbers of selective abortion or
female infanticide. The Kerala evidence suggests that literate men have literate sons, but literate
women have literate families.
As per the norms of National Literacy Mission, a literacy rate above 90 % shall be treated as
complete literacy. On this basis, Kerala (90.86%) was declared a, 'Fully Literate State', on April
18th, 1991. 87.86 per cent of women in the state are literate which is extremely higher (33.7)
than the national literacy rate of women. The breakup of male and female literacy rates are 94.2
and 87.86 per cent respectively. It seems that more than three fourth percent of the total
population are literate and there exists not much discrepancy between male and female
population. The female literacy rate was growing at 1.69 per cent (19912001).
As against the male literacy growth rate of 0.58 per cent in the state of Kerala. Some states are
still lagging behind the level attained by Kerala in 1951.Male female gap in literacy rate in
Kerala has been declining at higher rate. For instance, in 1951, male, female literacy gap was
21.9 per cent and in 2001 it is only 6.3 per cent. At all India level the gap is 21.7 per cent in
2001.
Female Literacy Rate Kerala, India (1951 - 2001)
Year Kerala Female Literacy
(%)
Male Female
gap (%)
India Female
Literacy (%)
Male Female
gap (%)
1951 36.43 21.92 7.93 17.02
1961 45.56 19.33 12.95 21.49
1971 62.53 14.6 18.69 20.77
1981 65.73 9.53 29.76 26.62
1991 86.17 7.45 39.29 24.84
2001 87.86 6.34 54.16 21.69

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District wise data showed that 'Kottayam' district ranks first both in male and female literacy
rates and it is the first town in India to have achieved 100% literacy (a remarkable feat achieved
as early as in 1989). The lowest literacy rate was found in Palakkad district in both sexes. It is to
be noted that the female literacy rate in the district is lesser than male by 10 per cent. It is not a
matter of great concern as the district lags behind in most aspects of development, compared to
the State average. With regard to scheduled castes population the distribution was 88.1% (males)
and 77.6% (females) and that of scheduled tribes it was 70.8 percent and 58.1 per cent only.
Literacy Rate of different districts of Kerala -
Districts Literacy (%)
Kasaragod
Kannur
Wayanad
Kozhikode
Malappuram
Palakkad
Thrissur
Ernakulum
Idukki
Kottayam
Alappuzha
Pathanamthitta
Kollam
Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala
Male Female
90.84 79.8
96.38 89.57
90.28 80.80
96.30 88.86
91.46 85.96
89.73 79.31
95.47 89.94
95.95 90.96
92.11 85.04
97.41 94.45
96.42 91.14
96.62 93.71
94.63 88.60
92.68 86.26
94.20 87.86

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Statistics showed that the female literacy levels in Kerala are improving over time. These literacy
levels are highly correlated with the health status of the population. Kerala has the lowest infant
mortality rates and the highest life expectancies of all the states. The pace of progress in the
female literacy rate from 36.43 percent (1951) to 87.86 per cent (2001) was remarkable and
reasonably a good indicator of development in the society.
Women's literacy in Kerala with insignificant gender and spatial disparities has been cited as a
principal mover of many of the positive demographic indicators of the state. These indicators had
resulted in the enhanced health status of women in Kerala. Female literacy and education are
crucial determinants of child survival, general health and hygiene.
Conclusion
Thus, it is concluded that Kerala is a very good states in education. Kerala has a rich and glorious
past in culture and education. A review of the educational research and its facilities
in Kerala may prove that access is the major problem to be tackled. In addition to access
financial, Quality, Social usefulness etc., also must be addressed. A Coordinated movement from
the part of all the universities would be useful in this regard. Researches useful to the state and
country should be planned out and implemented. The importance and antiquity of education in
Kerala is underscored by the state's ranking as among the most literate in the country.

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Findings & Analysis

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References
1. http://allaboutkerala-anishpanthy.blogspot.in/2008/08/kerala-educational-system-case-study.
2. http://www.archive.india.gov.in.
3. http://www.indianexpress.com
4. http://www.indiatoday.intoday.in
5. http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com