Situational Analysis Srirangapur

V & A Programme Situational Analysis Stage-II Report, AP

SRIRANGAPUR VILLAGE, KONDURG MANDAL

INTRODUCTION

Kondurg Mandal is one of the 64 Mandals in Mahabubngar District, it is located
in the northern part of Mahabubnagar District, 3 sides of the Mandal are
bounded by Ranga Reddy District. Kondurg is one of the Mandals with largest
number of Gram Panchayats (39 nos.) The Mandal is located at around 17
Degree N latitudes and 78 Degree E longitudes. (see Map 3).

Photo 1 Srirangapur Village

The topography is undulating and dotted with granitic outcrops and sheet rocks.
Other features are bushy vegetation, scattered and thorny scrub land,
intermittent streams, and few ephemeral tanks all combine to produce a
landscape serene and beautiful.


Srirangapur
Village

Map 1 Villages in Kondurg Mandal

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Srirangapur village in Kondurg Mandal is selected for V & A Programme. It is
located towards the eastern part of Kondurg Mandal, Mahabubnagar District. It
is situated at about 12 kilometers distance from Kondurg Mandal Headquarters
and 60 kilometers distance from Mahabubnagar town. It lies on the road
connecting Shadnagar and Pargi. This village has one hamlet called
‘Somarampadu’. The nearest town is Shadnagar, which is about 12 kms away
from this village. The National Highway No. 7 passes through Shadnagar town.
The area around the village has some granitic outcrops, the area is undulating.
There is a low order stream passing through the village, over which a chain of
tanks are built. The total geographical area is 484 hectares. Although the ground
water resource is good, this is being exploited at a rapid phase.

Photo 2 PRA – Villagers participating in the resource mapping – Srirangapur Village

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Photo 3 Resource map of the as done by the villagers – Srirangapur Vullage

Photo 4 Participation of people in the awareness through ventriloquism - Srirangapur Village.

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Self Help groups (SHGs), Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs), User Groups etc are
existing and are functional. There are also village level institutions - Watershed
committee and Association, Village Organization (VO)1 existing in this village.
Good transportation and communication facilities exist in the village and overall
literacy rate is better in this village.

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Population

This is a heterogeneous village with representation of people from diverse castes
and socio-economic structure. The total population of the village is 923 with 187
households.
Majority of the villagers belong to Backward Caste (BC) and Scheduled Caste
(SC). The Other caste and Minorities are few in numbers. There is no Scheduled
Tribe (ST) population in this village (see graph 1).

500
POPULATION
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Scheduled Scheduled Backward Other Caste Minorities
Caste Tribe Caste

Graph 1 Distribution of Population

With a population of 923 nos and 187 households this village is relatively small in
size. Somarampadu is one small hamlet under this Gram Panchayat. The
Sarpanch of this village is a Woman from Scheduled Caste.

1
Federation of SHGs at Village level is called – Village Organisation (VO).

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The sex ratio is 951 (Males 473 and Female 450), this is in contrast to the sex ratio
of children below 14 years age (Boys 73 and Girls 88), which is high.

Majority of the population is occupied with agriculture as primary activity. And
90% of the population i.e., 188 people are identified as agricultural laborers. The
percentage of agricultural laborers is high because majority of them are
marginal and small farmers.

Number of
Number of non-
village artisans
agriculture
6%
labourers
4%

Number of
Agriculture
Labourers
90%

The poorest of the poor (POP) are from the SC and BC community about 14
families are identified as poorest of the poor by IKP / VELUGU2 programme.

In this village the migration of people is not so high; only 24 people are migrating
seasonally and are engaged in construction and agricultural work. The number
of people migrated permanently are just four.

2
Indira Kranthi Patham (IKP) / Velugu : This the largest programme supported by World Bank in Andhra
Pradesh State for poverty alleviation, facilitated by Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP), under
the department of rural development, Government of Andhra Pradesh.

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Education

Mogiligidda and Shadnagar are the two nearby places with schools and
colleges, most of the children go to these places for middle, secondary and
higher level education. There are also 6 boys and 8 girls not enrolled in school
and 4 boys and 5 girls are working as wage laborers.
About 50 % of the people are literates, of which 62.3 % of them are Males and
37.7 % are Females.

Self Help Groups (SHGs)

Eight Self Help Groups (SHGs) for women are existing in the village, which are still
in primitive and consumption stages. Most of them are involved in agriculture
and are yet to take up enterprise activities.
Role of women in the watershed programme: women are attending meetings
but decisions are taken mostly by men
SHGs participation in community decision making /activities – Members from the
groups represent but are not able to pursue better for getting an assurance for
proposed actions.
These are the areas where SHGs need to be strengthened; decision making in
agricultural activity could be further strengthened, involving them in non-farm
based livelihood activities (diversification and economic security), more
participation for improving the Natural Resources and motivating them for
political representation.

Health and Sanitation

There are only 25 sanitary latrines existing in this village, which would lead to
health problems as the number of sanitary latrines existing are inadequate.

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Poorest of the Poor

There are only 4 poorest of the poor families identified in this village; they could
be given priority and be brought under the appropriate schemes of the
Government.

Rainfall and Temperature

The Normal Rainfall of Kondurg Mandal is 639 mm as compared to the District
Normal of 604mm. And the south west monsoon is erratic which accounts for the
maximum rainfall. This Mandal is also prone to drought as every 3rd year there
had been negative deviation in rainfall from normal (see table below). Kondurg
Mandal is an interior area, with hot summers (Temp. 39 deg C to 41 deg C) and
warm winters (25 deg C to 35 deg C). The summer period is from March to May.

Rainfall in (mm) Average
NORMALS 639.0 604.7
1999-2000 610.0 460.0
% OF DEVI -4.5 -23.9
2000-01 675.4 668.8
% OF DEVI 5.7 10.6
2001-02 772.6 686.6
% OF DEVI 20.9 13.5
2002-03 585.4 538.9
% OF DEVI -8.4 -10.9
2003-04 699.6 624.0
% OF DEVI 9.5 3.2

Land

The land use pattern of Srirangapur village is shown in graph 2. This data is for the year
2004-05. Because of successive drought the currant fallows were high i.e., 389 Hectares.
There is no land available for Forest and pasture lands.

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450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Area under

other grazing
Land put to
more than
Area sown

pastures and
Miscellaneous
Current fallow

sown (total

Cultivable

uncultivable

agriculture
Barren and

Permanent
cropped
Net area

and groves
tree crops
waste

once

forest
non-
land
Graph 2 Land use particulars in hectares
Land Use Pattern Area
(Hectares)
2004-2005
Total Geographical area 484
Current fallow 389
Net area sown (total cropped area) 372
Cultivable waste 62
Area sown more than once 32
Barren and uncultivable land 22
Miscellaneous tree crops and groves 7.2
Land put to non-agriculture use 3.2
Table 1 Land use pattern

Soils

There are mainly two types of soils in the village, Red (60%) and Black cotton soils
(40%), Which are suitable for growing diverse crops.

SOILS

Black soil
40%

Red Soil
60%

Graph 3 Types of soils

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the main livelihood activity in this village and also the dependent
agricultural laborers are more. Majority of the farmers are marginal and small
land holders. Maize, Cotton, Paddy, Jowar and Castor are the major crops
grown in this village, which are grown mostly during the Kharif3 season (see graph
1 and table 1).

CROPPING PATTERN
450
410
400

350

300 280
IN ACRES

250

200

150

100
51
50 25
35

0
Paddy Maize Cotton Castor Jowar

Graph 4 Major crops cultivation in Srirangapur Village

Table 2 Major Crops Cultivated and their average yields
Average Yield per
Main Crops 2004-05 in Ac.
Ac. In Kgs.
Maize 410 5280
Cotton 280 5760
Paddy 54 10800
Jowar 35 1440
Castor 25 3600
Total 804

3
There are basically three seasons, Kharif – Rainy, Rabi – Winter, Zaid – Summer.

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The major crops cultivated in this village in the last 20 years were basically
commercial crops Coriander (20 yrs back), Cotton (10 yrs back) and now Maize
(see graph ).

MAJOR CROPS GROWN

Maize Cotton Corriander
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
Present 10 years 20 years
1

ago ago

Their priority had been changing because of market prices, input costs and risk
factors (due to pests). As this village is close to Hyderabad city and Shadnagar
town, vegetables are also cultivated like tomatoes, chilies and brinjals. Some of
the farmers are also growing flowers seasonally. Two farmers are successfully
cultivating Marigold, Chrysanthimum and Kanakambaram or rubies which they
are marketing in Hyderabad for good remuneration. There is also one mango
orchard of 2 hectares in this village (see table 2).

Table 3 Horticulture - vegetables, fruits, flowers

Name of Species No.of Farmers Area (Hectares)
Tomato 18 4
Chillies 14 3.2
Brinjal 18 4.2
Kanakambaralu 1 0.2
Mango 1 2
Total 52 13.6

Last year, few farmers started cultivating BT-Cotton. Farmers are planning to
increase their BT-cotton cultivating area in the next year too, even though there
were no encouraging yields from BT-Cotton4 grown in other parts of the State.

4
BT-Cotton: Bacillus Thurengensis (BT) – Modified cotton crop to control occurrence of Helicoverpa pest.

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The area brought under cultivation has increased in the last 20 years from 680
acres to 920 acres (see graph 6). This is due to increase in intensity of cultivation.

AREA UNDER CULTIVATION Current (2005)
10 years ago (1995-2004)
1000
920 20 years ago (1985-1994)
900
825
800
680
700
600
Acres

500
400
300
200
100
0 1

Graph 5 Area brought under cultivation

The chemical fertilizers use has increased, on an average farmers are using upto
5 bags per acre of land.

Case Study 1
Mr. G. Ramchandraiaha is a middle aged farmer having 15 acres of land. He is eldest of the four
brothers, who are living together as Joint family. They are cultivating Coriander seeds, sunflower,
Tella Kusuma (oil seeds), Vama, Cotton, Paddy, Maize, and Vegetables (tomatoes and Brinjals).
He is having one borewell source with which he is able to irrigate only few crops and rest of
them are rainfed. They use fertilizers like DAP and Urea. Chemical pesticides are mainly used for
vegetable crops and cotton. This family has the reputation as hard working and is respected by
the villagers.

The farmers are satisfied with the outputs from rainfed crops such as Maize,
Castor and Cotton grown during the Kharif season (year 2005). Although there
were intermittent rains due to depressions in Bay of Bengal, it appeared that they
would loose their crops but the subsequent weather was favorable, especially
during the ripening stage and the crops were saved. Not with the case of Paddy
and Jowar, the intermittent rains arrived during harvesting period and they had
to face the losses (see table 3).

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Table 4 The crops loss due to intermittent rains – year 2005.

Crop Sown Damage Percentage Remarks
(acres) d (acres) of yield loss
1 Paddy 51 25 50 Heavy rains during
transplantation and harvesting
period.
2 Jowar 35 35 80 The left over grains would be
used as livestock feed.
Source: Field observations and discussion with farmers (October 2005)

The agricultural produce is sold to non-institutional sources without any value
addition. Although there are Rythu Mithra Groups (RMG)5 in the village, farmers
are well organized but are unable to get the extension services effectively.

5
Rythu Mithra Groups – These are farmers groups, each consisting of 15 members, formed by the
department of agriculture for facilitating farmers, for inputs, loan facilities, revolving fund, marketing,
capacity building and accessing other extension services.

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Case 2
Mr. Narasimha Reddy is about 45 years old, he owns 12 acres of land. This land was not so fertile
with sandy soils. To improve the fertility of the soil, he applied the tank silt from the village tanks and
red soil. Subsequently the fertility of the soil improved and he is able to cultivate diverse crops
economically.

Photo 5 The Kanakambaram plants in the background and prepared fertile soil in the foreground.

For irrigation till 10 years back he had an openwell source, which has gone dry. He is using the
water from a borewell source to irrigate part of his land. This water source is unable to support all
his land so some of the crops are rainfed.

Earlier he was growing traditional crops like, small millets (tidalu, sajjalu and jowar) and pigeon pea.
The management practices were primarily traditional, was applying Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and
compost from sheep and goats.

But now he is no more traditional, growing crops like vegetables (tamatoes, brinjals, etc.) chillies,
flowers (kanakambaram), paddy, cotton and maize. He is also using the chemical fertilizers (DAP,
Urea, etc.) and pesticides. Recently he learnt the vermiculture and producing vermicompost in his
field. He is considered as a progressive farmer by the villagers and other villagers follow him.

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Land Holding

Majority of the farmers in the village are Small and Marginal and majority of them
belong to backward and scheduled castes (see graph 3 and table 2). The land
resources are not distributed equitably, from graph it is evident that other caste
people are mainly large farmers.

LAND HOLDING PARTICULARS

Marginal
Other Caste
Small
Large

Schedule Caste

Other Backward
Caste

Total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Graph 6 Land holding particulars
Category of Households Land Holdings
Marginal Small Large Total
Total 64 90 21 175
Other Backward Caste 34 62 8 104
Schedule Caste 26 24 2 52
Other Caste 4 4 11 19
Table 5 Landholding size and the households

Livestock

The availability of common land / grazing lands is one of the limitations for
families not having large numbers of livestock. The number of families possessing
dairy animals has come down in the last 10 years. The availability of the grazing
land has come down very much from 100 acres to 5 acres in the last 20 years

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(see graph ). The private commons6 are also protected and are not being
allowed for common grazing. Livestock is also an important asset to cope with
drought situation and difficult times.

LIVESTOCK POPULATION
1400
Current (2005) 10 years ago (1995-2004)
20 years ago (1985-1994)
1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
Cows Bullocks Buffaloes Sheep Goat

Backyard poultry is a very common activity for majority of the people. The small
ruminants (sheep and goats) are possessed by limited number of families
particularly with specific community, Golla and Kuruva. There is also priority and
preference by people for engaging in dairying. There is need to create
alternative solutions for fodder availability to encourage keeping the livestock.

6
Private Commons – Private Land available during off-season, where usually the land owner doesn’t object
to other villages grazing their animals.

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Water Resources

The irrigation under tanks is very much limited due to non / poor maintenance of
the existing tanks. There are very few functioning openwells and People are
more and more dependent on the borewells. As a result the number of borewells
are growing every year leading to over exploitation of the meager groundwater
resources. For improving the irrigation sources the following possibilities are
existing:
1. Renovation of existing structures or strengthening.
2. Creation of proper drainage facilities for water harvesting and treating the
water logging areas.
3. Desilting of tanks, renovating the feeder channels and drainage lines and
removal of vegetation occupying the tank bed.
4. Creation of new water harvesting structures at feasible locations.

Watershed Programme

The watershed programme was started in this village in 2003. The watershed
committee has so far received Rs. 8 lakhs fund, about Rs. 6.5 lakhs fund is still
available. The works done so far are laying of earth bunds (174.6 mts),
constructed 7 masonry checkdams, 79 gully control structures and 450 kgs. of
Fodder seed distributed. 15000 saplings were raised in nurseries for afforestation
and social forestry and one feeder channel was also dug. Future plans are to
renovate 3 tanks with revetment and construct 2 more masonry check dams.
There are no conflicts in the village regarding the ongoing watershed
programme.

Watershed Information
Srirangapu
Name of the Watershed
r
Funds received by WSC 8,00,000
Balance funds available 6,50,000
Total WDF Collected 1,50,000
Physical and Financial Information
Structures completed as
Name of the Activity
on today

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Phy. Fin. (Rs.)
Bunding (meters) 174.6 3.17699
Masonary Checkdams (nos) 7 2.58691
GC Works (nos) 79 0.73569
Administrative 0.17563
Fodder development (kgs of seed) 450 0.107
Others A.F/S.F (saplings nos) 15000 0.09303
Feeder Channel (no) 1 0.06
Home seeds 0.060

The people have recognized and are aware about the importance of the
watershed programme, therefore there is good participation of people in the
watershed meetings. Greater role should be provided for SHGs in the watershed
programme to operate as user groups. Overall the watershed programme is
going on well in all aspects.

Graph 7 Resource Map, Srirangapur Village

Status of water resources, qualitative aspect
Surface water - Adequate storage facilities (tanks / ponds) are not created and
the available surface water is not shared judiciously.

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Groundwater - About 75% of open wells are dry and/or about 25% of total
borewells are dry. The open wells can be used for recharging the aquifers. The
number of borewells for irrigation has increased many times in the last 20 years.
Drinking water (DW) - Adequate DW sources are created and shared judiciously.
Water is available throughout the year. There are two hand pump borewells,
which are also used for drinking water. The village is having an overhead tank
and water is supplied regularly through pipes.
Soil Moisture - Moisture content improved very little with the implementation of
the watershed programme and farmers are able to get one secure crop.

Energy

Most of the families are still using fuel wood as energy source for domestic
cooking, this is causing health problems to women. It also involves considerable
amount of time to fetch the firewood too. At the same time to conserve
consumption of fuel wood, there is a need to provide smokeless chullahs.

Photo 6 A defunct biogas plant
About 65 LPG gas connections were provided to 65 families, which are not used
regularly for cooking, because the LPG refilling costs are very high for the families

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to afford. Although there are 4 biogas plants in the village, none of them are
functional. The biogas plants are damaged need to be repaired to make them
functional.

Energy conservation is also an important issue, to save energy (electricity) there
are some options like: The farmers need to install capacitors for all agricultural
borewells, this will not only reduces the consumption of the power, but also
prevents the burning of motors due to power fluctuations.

Lighting is the most essential thing, especially for children’s education, for
domestic and street lighting they could use white Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
which are cool, bright and long lasting. On pilot basis some Lighting Modules
could be installed in the village. With them villagers would save the precious
subsidized electricity consumption.

As majority of the farmers are marginal and small, the draught animals are still a
major source of energy for agricultural activities and local transportation.

Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching drinking water,
fuelwood and fodder, i.e., about 4 hours per day. Women need to walk about 1
km for getting the fuel wood for cooking and about 20 years back the distance
was just 0.5 kms. The fuelwood access has diminished over years, because of
excessive cutting. There is need to improve options in these sectors for
availability and access.

Common Pool Resource (CPR)

The CPR is very much limited involving community in CPR related activities has
little scope.

Institutions Functioning at Village level

These are the following government departments or agencies programs /
services in the village.

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Ongoing Programmes
• SGRY,
• 9th Finance commission,
• DPAP / DWMA (2003-04),
The total amount allocated till date for the above programmes is 5 lakhs and 50
thousand only.
Natural Resources Management (NRM)
• Agriculture Department / Rythu Mitra Groups (RMGs).
• Animal Husbandry
• Irrigation Dept (Minor / Medium / Major)
• NEDCAP – (biogas plants)
Social Aspects
• Dist. Rural Dev. Agency (DRDA) / District Poverty Initiatives Programme
(DPIP) / Indira Kranthi Patham
• DPEP / Education
• Medical and Health
• SC Corporation
• BC Welfare / BC Corporation
• Social Welfare Department

• Anganwadi / ICDS - Women and Children Welfare

• Housing Department – Houses constructed by the government for SCs /
BCs / Poor.
Services
• Civil supplies / Public Distribution system
• Rural water supply (Panchayat Raj dept.)
• Electricity

• Telecommunications / BSNL – Telephone facilities

• Artisans - Adarana scheme for artisans – supply of tools by Govt.

Infrastructure Existing

The following infrastructure exists in the village:
Water and Soil Conservation Activities

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1. 6 no. of Irrigation Tanks
2. 6 no. of Borewells for drinking
3. 1 Overhead tank
4. Check dams
5. Plantations of saplings
Buildings
1. Gram Pachayat Office
2. Primary School
3. Community hall
4. Bus Stop - Shelter along the PWD road (½ km from the village).
5. Mid-day meal center building – near the school

6. Anganwadi building

Roads
Within the village CC roads are existing and this village is connected to the PWD
road, about half km from village.
Common Facilities
1. This village is provided Electricity service
2. 1 Library/Resource centre is located in the village.
3. Telephone connectivity (8 connections) existing in this village.

Infrastructure gaps

Water and Soil Conservation Activities
1. 4 Irrigation Tanks
2. 2 borewell - Hand Pumps for drinkingwater
3. House Hold level connections from overhead tank

4. 4 Check dams
5. Plantation along bunds of 4 Water harvesting strictures
4
Marketing Infrastructuure
1 Community grains storage godown

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Dairy
1 Milk collection center is required in the village.

Common Facilities
Villagers have requested for Village knowledge center and Automatic weather
station.

READINESS AND WILLINGNESS OF THE VILLAGERS

During the focused group discussions the villagers have expressed their readiness
and willingness on the following aspects.
• Adopting group centered management practices

• Watershed programme activities through thrift groups by contributing to
works.
• Involvement in production enhancement activities
• Working on Agriculture based micro-enterprises.
• Value addition to agricultural produce
• Non-agriculture based micro-enterprises.
• Promoting more percolation tanks for rainwater harvesting.
• Development of assigned lands
• Leasing of land to SHGs by the community
• Seed bank and seed improvement
• Management of kuntas and tanks
• Desilting of tanks/conversion to percolation tanks and reviving community
practice of de-silting the tanks
• Converting check dams to percolation tanks
• Taking up ridge level percolation pits
• Taking supply/feeder channels to the tanks and managing them

• Use of CPR for tree plantations
• Demarcating land for protection (from grazing & tree felling)

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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This preliminary study is useful in understanding the various types of Resources
and the ongoing livelihood activities in the pilot village. And based on this study
the following observations were made:

Agriculture
1. People are traditionally involved in agriculture but there is need for them to
adapt to the organic and sustainable agricultural practices.
2. Agriculture is the major livelihood activity in this village, hence there is need to
give them better skills in on-farm and off-farm related activities
• On-farm: Floriculture, Olericulture and Horticulture.
• Off-farm: Dairy, Backyard poultry, ram lamb, sheep development, etc.
3. Farmer Field School (FFS) concept can be tried to demonstrate the suitable
sustainable agricultural practices.
4. There is scope to explore traditional knowledge in agricultural practices. PTD can be
tried to innovate locally suitable sustainable agricultural practices.
5. The villagers need to be mobilized for collective decision in choice of crops
and marketing.
6. There is no seed bank in this village, a seed bank could be promoted for
conserving the traditional indigenous seeds which are resistant to climate
variability.
7. A grain bank need to be promoted for food security.
8. Majority of the farmers are small and marginal, there is a need to provide
additional livelihood opportunities for the farmers.
9. The black and red soils are suitable for diverse crops.
10. Need to adapt scientific methods (like Soil testing) for better management of
the soils.
11. There is also need to provide with knowledge and technology to improve the
existing lands and to bring the fallow lands under cultivation.
12. Should have better Marketing linkages / information
13. Advise on cropping – choice of crops and management practices, there is a
need for better extension of services by the agriculture department.
14. There is still more potential for strengthening the farm based activities.
15. More working days could be generated under watershed programme
16. More credit could be accessed from banks for inputs.

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17. There is a lot to improve or work for non farm based livelihood activities,
improvement of natural resources to cope in lean season and for food
security.

Livestock
18. The stress period for availability of fodder is during March and July. There is a
need to promote alternative measures to mitigate the impact. There is great
scope to grow fodder trees on bunds / under social forestry, avenue
plantation, etc.
19. There is a need to revive the dairy sector. The milk production is directly
related to availability of fodder. The farmers are well aware of the leguminous
fodder, there is a need to encourage and provide seed and other inputs for
fodder improvement.
20. Breeding is limited to few months only, between February and March, and
October and December months. There is need to improve the overall
breeding programme and also to control the seasonal diseases with the help
of para-vets yet to be identified.
21. There is potential for dairy as supportive livelihood activity, with the storage
and transportation facilities existing nearby.
22. Options for breed improvement to be explored (tellicherry goats, etc.)

Water
23. More area can be brought under cultivation through water conservation
measures and practices (reduced paddy cultivation, micro irrigation systems,
etc.)
24. The 14 open wells in the village are not functioning – can be made into the
recharge wells.
25. There are 6 tanks in the village out of which only 4 tanks are used for irrigation
and the total irrigated area is only 18 hectares. Need to renovate the 2 tanks
and to increase the capacity of rest of the tanks.
26. Under the ongoing watershed programme there is scope for development in
the following sectors - fodder development, Agro- and social forestry,
horticulture development, promotion of quality of seeds, vermiculture,
Sustainable Agricultural methods, non-farm livelihoods, etc and also

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Facilitation for silt removal from the village tanks for application in the dry
lands.
27. Water balance studies can be conducted for calculating the water
harvesting potential and ground water exploration. This study is also used as
planning and monitoring tool for water management.

Energy
28. The villagers need to get exposed to the successful case studies elsewhere on
energy conservation and alternative technologies.
29. Need to revive the defunct biogas plants.
30. Villagers need to be introduced to Improved chullahs / stoves for energy
conservation, gasifier stove - Anila, solar cookers etc.
31. Explore options for installation of Gasifiers based electricity generators – which
would work with wasted biomass.
32. Installation of White Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in few households for
demonstration on power conservation.
33. Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching water, fuelwood
and fodder, i.e., about 4 hours per day. There is need to improve options in
these sectors – availability and access.

Common Pool Resources (CPR)
34. There is potential to plant useful saplings all along the 10 acres of land
available along the road margins and 7 acres of land along the canal bunds
involving women SHGs.

Social Capital
35. Group centered activities are already going on in this village through SHGs
and Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs) which need to be strengthened further.
Through provision of revolving fund the women groups could access the
credit for group centered activites.
36. Strengthening SHGs by facilitating access to credit and markets through
convergence.
37. Other CBOs in the village need to be further strengthened and networked at
the Gram Panchayat level.

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Services
38. Establishment of Village knowledge Center and training center on using the
computers.
39. Establishment of Automatic weather station – for knowledge on the climate
variability and weather forecast. Information on anticipated weather.
40. More credit should be made available to the villagers through banks and
other sources for their activities.
41. All the households should have sanitary latrines.
42. Similarly the safe drinking water access to be made available to all the
households.

Livelihoods Diversification
43. Alternative livelihood activities: The people in this village are mainly
dependant on agriculture as primary activity. As majority of the farmers are
marginal and small, there is need for livelihoods diversification by the people.
The people need to be provided trainings and skills for adapting to diverse
trades. This would also provide additional employment opportunities. People
are well aware of the developments in various fields, therefore it is easy for
them to diversify and adapt to other livelihood options.
44. The women and youth in the village should be imparted trainings in Micro
enterprise development.
45. Alternative livelihood options need to be provided to the educated youth in
the village. For example youth could be trained on electrical repairs (motor
winding and pumps) and servicing home appliances.

ACTIVITIES COMPLETED
In Srirangapur village the following activities were completed till date
• Awareness through interaction with community and awareness
programmes using folk media, songs, puppetry, street plays, etc.
• Primary data collection – Structured format and Focused Group
Discussions.
• PRA exercises for community participation, awareness and information
collection (Resource Mapping, seasonality and Transect walk).

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• Identification of Pilot Farmers and collection of the agricultural output
samples from Pilot farmers.
• Grama Sabhas were held and the villagers have taken resolution to
participate in this programme.
• Case studies (from pilot villages) collected.

• Process documentation – record of activities and events in the project
villages, video and photo documentation of all the events.

ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR YEAR 2006
A. Implementation of the Programme – Field Level Activities
1. Facilitate PTD on agriculture, water and energy for selected farmers and
groups
2. Capacity building farmers (on specific best practices1 ) and CBO’s
(institutional aspects)
3. Demonstration of location specific best practices

B. Capacity Building, Documentation and Awareness
1. Validation and documentation of selected coping practices beyond pilot
villages
2. Awareness campaign on climate change/variability
3. Development of information, education and communication (IEC) material
4. Establishment of the Village Knowledge Centers
5. Training of weather Managers.

AFPROs role will be major with respect to all the above aspects, except for B4
and B5 points where it is supportive role to MSSRF. AFPRO will be working together
with National and International Consortium partners, through sharing, learning
and incorporating the ideas for successful implementation of the V & A
programme.
All the proposed activities for implementation are in Yearly Plan of Operation
(YPO), 2006.

Note:
1. All the Participatory Technology Developments will be implemented
through Pilot Farmers.

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2. Where ever possible some of the activities will be implemented through
convergence with ongoing programmes.

ANNEXURES
I. SUCCESS STORIES OF NGOs IN ANDHRA PRADESH
II. MAPS OF KONDURG MANDAL
III. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS INFORMATION OF SRIRANGAPUR VILLAGE, KONDURG
MANDAL
IV. YPO, 2006

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AFPRO

Situational Analysis Srirangapur

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