This document discusses the history and philosophies of early childhood education in England and Canada. It outlines key aspects of curriculum and program structures in England, including child-centered learning through play, emphasis on children's interests, and using the environment as a third teacher. It also discusses government policies to increase access to subsidized child care and preschool. The roles and requirements of early childhood educators are examined, including enjoying working with children and having a minimum 2-year early childhood education credential.

3.  Curriculum based on child’s individual needs
 Chosen by the child based on cues and interest

4.  Children learn through self-initiated play
 The environment becomes the third teacher

5.  Children should pass through phases
 Ordered sequence leads to logical thinking

6. Folks, you’ve got options
 Early years education for children
 Full time day care
 Short term day care
 Health and family support
 Parenting Advice
 Training and employment advice

7.  14,000 children receiving subsidies
 22,000 new child care spaces in 3 years
 Standardized income testing maximizes
number of families
 Financial assistance based on family’s net
income
 $2 million investment for French language
schools

8. 3 &4 year olds can receive 15 hours of free
ECE
 Parents can apply for “flexibility working”
 Employers may provide benefits such as
direct payment for child care fees
 2008: parents could choose how to organize
child maintenance
 2010: parents can keep their child
maintenance with no affect to their job

10.  Robert Owen opened a child care centre for
cotton mill workers
 Children age 1-6 were taken care of while
the older children worked

11.  The Education Act made elementary school
mandatory for children 5 to 13
 After inspection and the different needs and
levels of education, children under 5 were
excluded

12.  Margaret and Rachel McMillan opened a child
care centre for underprivileged children
 Her model was taken from socialist belief
 Play was allowed outdoors with no schedule

13.  Decrease in family size lead to closures of
many child care centres after World War II
 The value of play became more widespread
 Belle Tutaev organized a playgroup which
was held at a local church

14.  Margaret Thatcher, secretary of
state, proposed that by 1980 there would be
child care places for 50% of 3 year olds and
90% of 4 years olds
 Non-statutory preschool was neglected and
under developed

15.  Government brought in first stage of Nursery
Voucher
 Parents were allowed to use vouchers worth
$2,500( US dollars) for 3 semesters of part
time education for their 4 year olds
 In 1997, government ended Nursery Voucher
and made child care and early education
publicly funded

16.  Teacher is advisor and facilitator
 Adult must foster children’s inner drive, not
impair it
 An educator must be responsible for
effective instruction, training, evaluation
and supervised duties

17.  Qualities of and educator include
- enjoy working with children
- sense of commitment
- high level of energy
- sense of humour
-patient & ability to multi-task

18.  Requirements of educators must have 2 year
ECE credentials
 Level 3 qualification or above

19.  England Program Structure
- child centred
- emphasize children’s interest
- free play
- first hand experience
- integrated learning

20.  Structured curriculum
 Environment that helps mental and physical
development
 Schedules filled with appropriate activities

21.  England's Philosophy
http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n2/kwon.html
 Canada’s Philosophy
http://www.ngcplc.ca/pdf/Philosophy.pdf
 Roles & Training
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher
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ECRP. Early Childhood Research & Practice. Cambridge University, 1 June 2007. Web. 03 Nov. 2011.
<http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n2/kwon.html>.
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and care. London: David Fulton.
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Oldham, England: Madeleine Lindley.
4. "Increasing Access to High Quality Child Care." Ontario.ca Newsroom | Ontario.ca Salle De
Presse. Ministry of Children and Youth Services, 09 June 2008. Web. 16 Nov. 2011.
<http://news.ontario.ca/mcys/en/2008/07/increasing-access-to-high-quality-child-
care.html>.
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<http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Parents/Childcare/index.htm>.