Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White to develop, in Rubin\'s words "...smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner\'s location and preferences".

1. Presented By
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2. INDEX
 Introduction
 Android OS
 Android - What Is it?
 Android Features
 Design & Architecture
 Network Connectivity
 Security & Privacy
 Challenges
 Uses
 Overall Evaluation
 Future Enhancements & Conclusion
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Android is an operating system for mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablet computers. It is
developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by
Google.
 Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California,
United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich
Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White to develop, in
Rubin's words "...smarter mobile devices that are
more aware of its owner's location and preferences".
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4. Android OS
 Fastest growing mobile OS
 Over 300,000 Android activations a day
 Android overtook OS as the dominant OS in US
during 2H 2010
 First phone launched HTC G1 in 2008
 Currently an OS of choice for Motorola, HTC,
Samsung, Sony Ericsson, among others
 Software updates every few months
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5. Android-What is it ?
software stack for mobile devices
– incl. OS, middleware and key applications
application framework enabling
reuse/replacement of apps
integrated browser based on webkit
Optimized graphics – 2D graphics library, 3D
based on OPEN GL ES
 Preinstalled applications from Google (GMS)
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6. Android Features
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– Application Framework
– Dalvik virtual machine
– Integrated (webkit) browser
– 2D and 3D graphics APIs with HW
– SQLite
– Video and audio codecs
– Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and Wi-Fi
– Camera, GPS, compass, and
accelerometer
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7. Design & Architecture
 Android's kernel is derived from the Linux kernel.
Google contributed code to the Linux kernel as part
of their Android effort, but certain features, notably
a power management feature called wakelocks,
were rejected by mainline kernel developers, so the
Android kernel is now a separate version or fork of
the Linux kernel.
 Android does not have a native X Window System
nor does it support the full set of standard GNU
libraries, and this makes it difficult to port existing
GNU/Linux applications or libraries to Android.
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8. Android uses Linux for its device drivers, memory
management, process management, and networking.
The next level up contains the Android native
libraries. They are all written in C/C++ internally, but
you’ll be calling them through Java interfaces. In this
layer you can find the Surface Manager, 2D and 3D
graphics, Media codecs, the SQL database (SQLite),
and a native web browser engine (WebKit).
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9. Architecture
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10. Network connectivity
It supports wireless communications using:
 GSM mobile-phone technology
 3G
 Edge
 Wi-Fi networks
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11. Security & Privacy
 Android is a multi-process system, in which each application
(and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most
security between applications and the system is enforced at
the process level through standard Linux facilities, such as
user and group IDs that are assigned to applications.
 Android smart phones have the ability to report the location
of Wi-Fi access points it encounters as phone users move
around to build vast databases containing physical locations
of hundreds of millions of such access points. These
databases form electronic maps to locate smart phones,
allowing them to run apps like Foursquare and companies like
Google to deliver location-based ads.
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12. Challenges
 CPU typically runs 500-600 MHz
 RAM available to an App may only be a few megabytes
 Disk (flash) access is very slow
 Lifecycle - apps must pause/quit often, and restore to give the illusion
that they are always running
 Network access may be slow and (very) intermittent
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13. USES
 The Android operating system is used on smartphones, net books, tablet
computers, Google TV, and other devices.
 The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture. There is
support for x86 from the Android-x86 project, and Google TV uses a
special x86 version of Android.
 The first commercially available phone to run Android was the HTC
Dream, released on 22 October 2008. In early 2010 Google collaborated
with HTC to launch its flagship Android device, the Nexus One. This was
followed later in 2010 with the Samsung-made Nexus S.
.
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14. Overall Evaluation
Limitations
 Bluetooth limitations
 Android doesn't support:
 Bluetooth stereo
 Contacts exchange
 Modem pairing
 Wireless keyboards
 But it'll work with Bluetooth headsets, but that's about it
Firefox Mobile isn't coming to Android
Apps in Android Market need to be programmed with a custom form of
Java
→ Mozilla and the Fennec won't have that
•
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15. Future Enhancements &
Conclusion
 Google Android Sales to Overtake iPhone in 2012
 The OHA is committed to make their vision a reality: to deploy the
Android platform for every mobile operator, handset manufacturers and
developers to build innovative devices
 Intel doesn’t want to lose ownership of the netbook market, so they
need to prepare for anything, including Android
 More Android devices are coming and some will push the envelope
even further
 We can only hope that the next versions of Android have overcome the actual
limitations and that the future possibilities became a reality .
•
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