COPD

2. 


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) refers to a group of lung diseases that
block airflow and make breathing difficult.
is a long-term lung disease that refers to both
chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
also known as chronic obstructive lung
disease (COLD), and chronic obstructive
airway disease (COAD),

3. 
A FVC<75-80% of predicted suggests
restrictive disease. An FEV1% <70% suggests
obstructive disease.

4. 
Although COPD remains more common in
men, recent data suggest that more women die
of COPD than men.

5. 

The FEV1% has been shown to be less
predictable of prognosis in COPD patients.
New scoring systems for symptoms include the
COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score and a
modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea
Scale (mMRC) score <2 and 0-1 exacerbations
in the previous year.

6. 
The combination of bupropion and nicotine
replacement has clearly been demonstrated to
have better outcomes for smoking cessation
than either alone.

7. 
Pulmonary rehabilitation has been shown to be
beneficial for patients whose FEV1% is < 50%.

8. 
Macrolides given daily have been shown to
decrease the number of exacerbations in COPD
patients.

9. 
Continuous supplemental oxygen improves the
survival in patients with severe COPD.

10. 
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
(NPPV) may be beneficial in some patients
with severe acute exacerbations of COPD.