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HEALTHCARE REFORM
Where Do Employers Go From Here?

         December 6, 2012
These materials are intended to stimulate thought and discussion and to provide the reader with
      useful ideas and guidance in the areas of healthcare reform. The materials do not constitute, and
      should not be treated as, legal advice. Although we have made every effort to ensure the
      accuracy of these materials, neither the authors nor Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated assumes
      any responsibility for any individual’s reliance on the written information presented during this
      presentation. Laws and regulations are subject to change at any time.


      This PowerPoint presentation is an educational tool that is general in nature and for purposes of
      illustration only. The materials in this presentation are not exhaustive, do not constitute legal
      advice and should not be considered a substitute for consulting with legal counsel. Cox Smith
      has no obligation to update the information contained in this presentation.

      CIRCULAR 230 DISCLOSURE: Pursuant to Department of Treasury Circular 230, this
      presentation is not intended or written to be used, and may not be used by the recipient, for the
      purposes of avoiding any federal tax penalty which may be asserted.




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                                                                2
The Supreme Court’s Decision: In a Nutshell

     National Federation of Independent Businesses v.
      Sebelius
        Decided on June 28, 2012

        567 U.S. ___ (2012).

     Authored by Chief Justice Roberts
     Joined in various parts by Justices Ginsburg, Breyer,
      Sotomayor, and Kagan
     Dissented to in most parts by Justices Scalia, Kennedy,
      Thomas, and Alito

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          3
The Supreme Court’s Decision: In a Nutshell

     Individual mandate held not to be a valid exercise of
      Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause
     Upheld instead under Congress’s power to “lay and
      collect taxes”
     Medicaid Expansion: invalidated provision that threatens
      states with loss of Medicaid funding if fail to comply with
      expansion
        BUT expansion stands if penalty is only that states

         lose new funding if do not comply

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                              4
KEY DEFINITIONS
     Grandfathered Coverage:
        Group health plan coverage existing on March 23, 2010

        Applies separately to each benefit package.

        How to lose grandfathering:

           eliminate benefits

           increase copay percentage

           increase fixed costs over prescribed amounts

           reduce level of employer contribution

           add or decrease annual dollar limits.




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                           5
KEY DEFINITIONS
     Grandfathered Coverage (cont’d)
        Okay to:

           Add new participants

           Change insurance companies after 11/15/10

           Change TPAs

           Increase premiums (without reducing employer contribution)

           Amend plan to comply with reform.

        Notice to participants required.

        May amend plans to comply with law changes.




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                                   6
August 1, 2012: Preventive Care Benefits
     New women’s preventive care requirements (including
      contraception) effective for the first plan year after August
      1, 2012
     This is in addition to previously required preventive care
      benefits:
        certain evidence-based items or services;

        certain immunizations;

        for minors, certain preventive care and screenings;

        for women, additional preventive care and screenings

         including breast cancer screening, mammography, and
         prevention
© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                                7
September 23, 2012: Summary of Benefits and
Coverage (“SBC”)

     SBCs must be provided as of the first day of the first
      open enrollment period that begins on or after
      September 23, 2012 (in general, the open enrollment
      period for 2013 plan years).
     For special enrollees/new hires, SBCs must be provided
      beginning on the first day of the first plan year beginning
      on or after September 23, 2012 (for calendar year plans,
      January 1, 2013).

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                              8
Summary of Benefits and Coverage (“SBC”)
     Plan must notify enrollees of mid-year material
      modifications not later than 60 days prior to effective
      date; changes for new plan year may be disclosed in
      SBC in connection with open enrollment.
     May be provided with SPD and other materials as long
      as displayed “prominently” at the beginning.
     MUST use DOL template, glossary, and instructions
      (caveat for self-insured plans that do not fit template).
     No penalties in first year if good faith efforts to comply.

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                              9
Disclosure of Expenses & Insurer Rebates
(“Medical Loss Ratio”)

     Rules apply to insurers, but may indirectly impact plan
      insurance costs.
     Insurer must report to HHS how premium revenue is
      expended.
     Insurer must rebate policyholders to extent that premium
      ratio exceeds certain thresholds.
     Fiduciary duty rules govern receipt of rebates by plan
      sponsors.

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                       10
Disclosure of Expenses & Insurer Rebates
(“Medical Loss Ratio”)
     Note: If employees pay premiums on a pre-tax basis, rebates paid
      to employees in cash or in the form of a premium reduction will be
      considered income and subject to employment tax.
         A rebate paid as a premium reduction is taxable because it

           reduces the employee's salary reduction contribution. A rebate
           paid in cash is treated as additional compensation and is taxable
           as such.
     If premiums paid on an after-tax basis, the rebate would not be
      subject to employment taxes regardless of whether it was paid in
      cash or used to reduce the amount of the employee's health
      insurance premium payment.


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                                     11
October 1, 2013: Fees for Research Trust Fund
     Insurers and employers with self-insured plans pay:
        2013: $1.00 times average lives covered

        2014 – 2019: $2.00 times average lives covered

     Purpose: Fund comparative clinical effectiveness research
     When: File return reporting fee by July 31 of the calendar
      year immediately following the last day of the plan year.
        This is effective for all plan years that end on or after

         October 1, 2012.
        Thus, a January 1 – December 31, 2012 plan will file July

         31, 2013. But a February 1, 2012 – January 31, 2013 plan
         would not have to file until July 31, 2014.
© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                               12
2013: Health FSA Reimbursement Limit

     Current Law: No reimbursement limit required – plan
      sponsors may choose their limit.
     A $2,500 limit applies on a plan year basis and is
      effective for cafeteria plan years beginning after
      December 31, 2012.
        In the case of a short plan year, the limit must be

         prorated.
        The limit is indexed for cost-of-living adjustments for

         plan years beginning after December 31, 2013.

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                             13
2013: Health FSA Reimbursement Limit

            Cafeteria plan documents must be amended to reflect
             the $2,500 limit.
            Cafeteria plan sponsors have until December 31,
             2014 to amend their plans to conform to the new
             requirements, so long as the amendment is effective
             retroactively and the plan operates in compliance for
             plan years beginning after December 31, 2012.




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                           14
2013: Increased Hospital Insurance Tax


     Current Law: Employer must withhold 1.45% for all
      employees as the employees’ portion.
     January 1, 2013: Employee portion of FICA is increased
      for high income taxpayers by 0.9%. Employer portion
      remains the same.
     Threshold depends on filing status, but employer must
      withhold extra percentage starting at $200,000.


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                     15
2013: Elimination of Tax Deduction for
Medicare Part D Employer Subsidies

     Current Law: Employers can deduct full amounts paid
      for retiree prescription drugs, including the portion that is
      subsidized by government and is excluded from income.
     January 1, 2013: Can no longer deduct subsidized
      amount paid for retiree prescription drugs.




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                            16
2013: W-2 Reporting

     An employer that issues more than 250 Form W-2s must
      report “cost” of employees’ health insurance on form.
     Coverage under all plans (except Health FSA, HSA,
      Archer MSA) is aggregated.
     “Cost” includes employer and employee portion: may
      use COBRA method to determine cost (not counting 2%
      administrative fee allowed under COBRA).
     Reporting required for 2012 tax year (i.e., 2013 W-2).


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                     17
March 1, 2013: Notification re State Exchanges

     By March 1, 2013, employers must notify current
      employees (and future employees at time of hire) of:
        existing exchange’s services and contact information

        availability of premium assistance for exchange-

         purchased insurance if employer coverage is
         “unaffordable” (employer contribution < 60%
        Unavailability of employer subsidy for insurance

         purchased through exchange


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          18
Notification re State Exchanges

     Premium assistance takes the form of subsidy payments
      to a qualified health plan on behalf of the individual.
     Take the form of an advanced credit payment.
     Exchange will determine whether individual qualifies for
      premium assistance.
     Has been challenged as to whether premium assistance
      is available only under state exchanges or under federal
      exchange as well.


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                       19
2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers

     Supreme Court case did not address “pay or play”
      provision.
     An employer with at least 50 full-time equivalents must
      provide “Minimum Essential Coverage” or pay penalty.
        Coverage requirement applies to full-time employees.

        Full-time employees = 30 hours per week (guidance

         forthcoming on determining hours of service).
        Counting of part time is up in the air.

        Aggregation rules apply when identifying “employer.”


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                      20
2014: Coverage Mandate – Minimum Essential
Coverage
     Minimum Essential Coverage:
            A yet to be determined benefits package provided by any
             of the following four vehicles:
              1.  Government programs
              2.  Eligible employer-sponsored plans
              3.  Individual market plans
              4.  Grandfathered plans
                 Most employer-provided group health coverage will
                  meet the very broad definition of “minimum essential
                  coverage.”

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                                   21
2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers

     Employers will be required to make an “assessable
      payment” to IRS if:
        Any full-time employee is certified to the employer as

         having purchased health insurance through an
         Exchange and a tax credit or cost-sharing reduction is
         allowed (i.e., the full-time employee receives a
         subsidy)
        And:




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                        22
2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers

     The employer does not offer healthcare coverage for all
      its full-time employees; or
     Offers minimum essential coverage that either:
         is “unaffordable” (i.e., > 9.5% of employee’s income

          per W-2, for self coverage); or
         Does not provide “minimum value” (i.e., employer’s

          share of the total allowed “cost of benefits” < 60%,
          guidance pending).


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                           23
2014: Coverage Mandate – Subsidies through
the Exchange
     The subsidy, or credit, is designed to make health
      insurance affordable to taxpayers who:
        Have a household income for the tax year that is

         between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level,
        Cannot be claimed as a dependent by another

         taxpayer, and
        Who are not eligible for other qualifying coverage,

         such as Medicare, or “affordable” employer-
         sponsored health plans that offer “minimum value.”

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                     24
2014: Coverage Mandate – Subsidies through
the Exchange
     When an eligible individual purchases insurance through
      the Exchange, the Exchange makes subsidy payments
      to the qualified health plan on behalf of the individual.
     Payments take the form of an advance credit payment
      (“monthly premium assistance amount”) under the
      Internal Revenue Code.
     The Exchange determines whether the individual meets
      the income and other requirements for advance credit
      payments, and the amount of the advance payments.

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                        25
2014: Coverage Mandate – Notice to Employee
of Premium Assistance
     Exchange will notify employer of applicant’s eligibility to
      receive subsidy.
     Notice must include:
        Employee’s identity

        Notice that employee has been determined eligible for

         premium assistance
        Statement that employer may be liable for shared

         responsibility payment
        There is an opportunity to appeal (guidance

         forthcoming on appeal process).
© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          26
2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers
NOT OFFERING A HEALTH PLAN
     Applies when employer does not offer minimum essential
      coverage to “its full-time employees,” which IRS proposes to
      interpret as “substantially” all full-time employees, with few
      exceptions.
     Assessable payment/penalty tax = “applicable payment
      amount” times the number of full-time employees (less 30)
      during the month.
     2014 “applicable payment amount” is $166.67 with respect to
      any month (that is, 1/12 of $2,000). Adjusted for inflation
      subsequently.
     So for 2014, annualized penalty = $2,000 x number of full-
      time employees minus 30.
© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                                 27
2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers
OFFERING A HEALTH PLAN
     Penalty tax assessable payment = $250 (1/12 of $3,000,
      adjusted for inflation after 2014) times the number of full-
      time employees for any month who receive premium tax
      credits or cost-sharing assistance (this number is not
      reduced by 30).
     Tax is capped at applicable penalty had no coverage
      been offered: $166.67 (1/12 of $2,000, adjusted for
      inflation after 2014), times the employer's total number of
      full-time employees, reduced by 30.


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                           28
Excise Tax on Individuals


     Starting in 2014, individuals who do not have Minimum
      Essential Coverage will be subject to an excise tax. IRC
      § 5000A
        Amount of penalty will phase in and may vary

        Payment to be collected on individual’s annual tax

         return



© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                       29
Information Returns


     Starting in 2014, Employers must report insurance
      coverage information to the covered individual and IRS.
        Form will require employer to certify it offers Minimum

         Essential Coverage.
        Form to request name and Social Security number of

         all full-time employees who are covered.



© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                         30
2014: Plan Design Reforms

     No annual dollar limit on “Essential Health Benefits” on
      or after January 1, 2014
     Maximum 90 day waiting period
     No pre-existing condition exclusions or limitations
     Grandfathered plans must provide coverage for adult
      dependent child, whether or not the child is otherwise
      eligible for other employer-sponsored coverage.



© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                           31
KEY DEFINITIONS
     Essential Health Benefits include the following general
      categories of benefits (states to flesh out details):
          a. ambulatory patient services;

          b.    emergency services;
          c.    hospitalization;
          d.    maternity and newborn care;
          e. mental health and substance use disorder
             services, including behavioral health treatment;
          f. prescription drugs;

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          32
KEY DEFINITIONS

                g.      rehabilitative and habilitative services and
                        devices;
                h.      laboratory services;
                i.      preventive and wellness services and chronic
                        disease management;
                j.      pediatric services, including oral and vision care;
                        and
                k.      no stand-alone dental or vision.


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                                        33
2014: Plan Design Reforms
     Plans may vary premium rates plan only for specific
      factors, such as coverage of an individual or family,
      geographic area, age, and tobacco use.
     Guaranteed Availability and Renewability of Coverage
        Insurers must accept every employer and individual in

         the state who applies, and must renew such
         coverage.
     Grandfathered plans are exempt.
     Clinical Trials
        Cannot deny coverage for participation in clinical

         trials.
© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                       34
2014: Plan Design Reforms
     Individual and Small Group Insurance Markets
     Health plans offered in the individual and small group
      markets, both inside and outside of the Exchanges, must
      offer a core package of “essential health benefits
      (“EHB”).
     Proposed rule defines EHB based on state-specific
      benchmark plan. States will select a benchmark plan
      from among several options identified in the proposed
      rule, and that all plans that cover EHB must offer
      benefits that are substantially equal to the benefits
      offered by the benchmark plan.
© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                      35
2014: Plan Design Reforms (continued)
     Non-grandfathered health plans in the individual and
      small group markets must meet certain Actuarial Values
      (“AVs”), or metal levels:
        60 percent for a bronze plan, 70 percent for a silver

         plan, 80 percent for a gold plan, and 90 percent for a
         platinum plan.
        Also catastrophic-only coverage with lower AV for

         eligible individuals. HHS is providing a publicly
         available AV calculator, which issuers would use to
         determine health plan AVs based on a national,
         standard population, as required by law.
© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                            36
2014: Plan Design Reforms
     No discrimination based on health status
        As to benefits or coverage, including continued

         eligibility, based on health status factors
        Health Status Factors:

           health status

           medical condition (physical or mental)

           claims experience

           receipt of healthcare

           medical history



© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                     37
2014: Plan Design Reforms


                genetic information
                

               evidence of insurability

               disability; or

               any other health factor, per HHS regulations

            Grandfathered plans are exempt.




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                         38
2014: Plan Design Reforms

     Cost-Sharing (co-pays, deductibles, co-insurance)
        Cannot exceed the limitations provided in the bill for

         essential health benefits.
        Based on maximum out-of-pocket expenses for high

         deductible health plans, adjusted for cost of living
           2014 numbers not yet available.

        Deductible: $2000 for self-only and $4000 for family

        Grandfathered plans are exempt.




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                            39
2014: Plan Design Reforms

     Expanded Wellness Program
        Financial incentives for participation in a wellness

         program can be based upon health status, including
         up to 30% of the cost of plan coverage.
        Additionally, for any wellness program designed to

         promote tobacco cessation, the new proposed
         regulations would allow a reward up to 50% of the
         cost of plan coverage.
        Wellness program standards apply to grandfathered

         plans.
© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          40
2014: State Exchange Reimbursement =
Qualified Benefit

     Reimbursement or direct payment for insurance
      premiums on state Exchange will be a qualified benefit
      under a cafeteria plan.
     Exception if employer offers Exchange enrollment




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                         41
2018: Cadillac Tax

     Excise tax will be imposed on insurers on high cost
      employer-sponsored health coverage:
        40% nondeductible excise tax levied on insurers,

         employers (for HSAs and MSAs), and plan
         administrators if annual premium exceeds $10,200 for
         single coverage and $27,500 for family coverage
        Note: This tax is calculated ONLY on the excess

         amount over the annual limitation (e.g., one dollar
         over $10,200 $0.40 tax over 12 months).

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                      42
Waiting for Guidance: Automatic Enrollment


     Employers with over 200 FTEs that offer health plans
      must automatically enroll new employees.
        Notice must be provided to employee of opportunity

         to opt out of automatic enrollment in employer’s
         health plan.
        Watch for Regulations. Compliance is not expected

         before regulations are issued.


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                        43
Waiting for Guidance: Discrimination Testing
     Insured health plans must pass some of IRC § 105(h)
      discrimination testing or employer pays excise tax ($100
      per day per person).
     Grandfathered plans are exempt.
     Effective first plan year beginning on or after September
      23, 2010
     Government has announced nonenforcement policy
      pending regulations




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                            44
Waiting for Guidance: Reporting and
Disclosure Requirements

     Plans must submit to HHS, State Insurance
      Commissioner, and make available to the public, certain
      information, in plain language, in relation to coverage
      transparency:
            claims payment policies and practices

            periodic financial disclosures

            data on enrollment and disenrollment




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          45
Reporting and Disclosure Requirements


                      data on the number of claims that are denied
                      data on rating practices
                      information on cost-sharing and payments with
                       respect to any out-of-network coverage
                      information on enrollee and participant rights
                       under this title
                      other information as determined appropriate by
                       HHS

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                                  46
Reporting and Disclosure Requirements

     DOL will provide rules.
     Grandfathered plans are exempt from these
      requirements.
     Effective first plan year beginning on or after September
      23, 2010.




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                            47
Waiting for Guidance: Grants to Small
    Businesses for Wellness Programs

      Grants from 2011 to 2015, for new wellness programs
      Only for employers with fewer than 100 employees working
       25+ hours per week
       HHS to outline requirements, but will concern:
         Health awareness initiatives

         Maximizing employee engagement

         Changing unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle choices

         Providing supportive environment.



    © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                  48
Waiting for Guidance: Efficiency Standards and
Wellness Promotion Reporting Requirements
     HHS to develop reporting requirements (and penalties!).
     Annual report submitted by group health plan to HHS and
      made available during open enrollment.
     Report must describe activities that:
        improve health outcomes

        prevent hospital readmission

        improve patient safety and reduce medical errors

        target health and wellness

     Grandfathered plans are exempt.

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          49
Waiting for Guidance: Electronic Operating
Rules – Phase 1
     In July 2011, HHS issued regulations adopting operating
      rules for two HIPAA electronic transactions.
        Eligibility for health plan

        Healthcare claim status

     HIPAA-covered health plans must comply by January 1,
      2013.
     Regulations adopt standards developed by Council for
      Affordable and Quality Healthcare.


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          50
2013: Electronic Operating Rules – Phase 1


     Plan must maintain adequate documentation that
      demonstrates:
        the plan conducts electronic transactions for health

         plan eligibility and health claim status transactions in
         compliance with the HHS regulations; and
        the plan completed end-to-end testing for transactions

         with vendors (e.g., hospitals and physicians).


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          51
2013: Electronic Operating Rules – Phase 1

     Plan must ensure business associates comply, too.
     Enforcement through periodic audits and penalties




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                    52
2014: Electronic Operating Rules - Phase 2


     Plans to adopt and implement uniform operating rules
      (established by HHS) for electronic fund transfers and
      healthcare payments and remittance
     HHS Regulations issued January 2012
     Effective date: January 1, 2014




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                         53
2014: Electronic Operating Rules - Phase 2

     Plans to use Unique Health Plan Identifier (“HPID”)
     Compliance date for large plans: October 1, 2014; small
      plans: October 1, 2015
     Plans can obtain HPID’s beginning October 1, 2012
      through a national enumeration system.
     Covered entity must use HPID when it identifies a health
      plan in a standard transaction.



© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                       54
2014: Electronic Operating Rules - Phase 3

     Plans to adopt and implement uniform operating rules (to
      be established by HHS) for:
        Health claims or equivalent encounter info

        Enrollment and disenrollment in a health plan

        Health plan premium payments

        Referral certifications and authorizations

     HHS Regulations no later than July 2014



© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                       55
What should I have done in 2010?

     Weigh benefits of grandfathered status versus costs of
      continued compliance.
     Evaluate cost savings of existing retiree plans (net of
      compliance expenses).
     Determine whether your business is eligible for small
      business tax credit.
     Establish COBRA cost method for each plan (for 2011
      reporting requirement).
     No dumping of participants into High-Risk Pool

© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                          56
What should I have done in 2010 - 2011?

     Delete lifetime dollar limits on “Essential Health Benefits”
      from plans.
     Restrict annual dollar limits on “Essential Health
      Benefits.”
     Revisit dependent coverage provisions.
     Review preventive care benefits and eliminate
      deductibles and co-pays.
     Amend plans to allow permitted rescission.


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                           57
What should I have done in 2010 - 2011?

     Review eligible classes, differing waiting periods,
      differing benefits, and differing premiums to identify and
      weed out prohibited discrimination.
     Review and amend plan claims process.
     Eliminate restrictions on designation of in-network
      primary physicians.
     Eliminate restrictions on designation of in-network
      primary care pediatricians.


© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                             58
What should I have done in 2010 - 2011?


     Eliminate prior authorization and in-network
      requirements for emergency care.
     Eliminate pre-authorization for access to OB/Gyns.
     Confer with insurer or TPA about data collection and
      reporting assistance.




© 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                       59
COX SMITH MATTHEWS INCORPORATED
            EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ATTORNEYS:
                           Mary M. Potter                   William M. Fisher
                          L. Katherine Noll                 Jillian L. Gordon

                                                  Joshua A. Sutin
                                          112 E. Pecan Street, Suite 1800
                                            San Antonio, Texas 78205
                                                 (210) 554-5500 tel
                                                (210) 226-8395 fax
                                                www.coxsmith.com


This PowerPoint presentation is an educational tool that is general in nature and for purposes of
illustration only. The materials in this presentation are not exhaustive, do not constitute legal advice
and should not be considered a substitute for consulting with legal counsel. Cox Smith Matthews
Incorporated has no obligation to update the information contained in this presentation.

 © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated                                                                    60

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20th Annual Legal & Accounting Institute - Healthcare Reform - Joshua A. Sutin

  • 1. HEALTHCARE REFORM Where Do Employers Go From Here? December 6, 2012
  • 2. These materials are intended to stimulate thought and discussion and to provide the reader with useful ideas and guidance in the areas of healthcare reform. The materials do not constitute, and should not be treated as, legal advice. Although we have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of these materials, neither the authors nor Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated assumes any responsibility for any individual’s reliance on the written information presented during this presentation. Laws and regulations are subject to change at any time. This PowerPoint presentation is an educational tool that is general in nature and for purposes of illustration only. The materials in this presentation are not exhaustive, do not constitute legal advice and should not be considered a substitute for consulting with legal counsel. Cox Smith has no obligation to update the information contained in this presentation. CIRCULAR 230 DISCLOSURE: Pursuant to Department of Treasury Circular 230, this presentation is not intended or written to be used, and may not be used by the recipient, for the purposes of avoiding any federal tax penalty which may be asserted. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 2
  • 3. The Supreme Court’s Decision: In a Nutshell  National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Sebelius  Decided on June 28, 2012  567 U.S. ___ (2012).  Authored by Chief Justice Roberts  Joined in various parts by Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan  Dissented to in most parts by Justices Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, and Alito © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 3
  • 4. The Supreme Court’s Decision: In a Nutshell  Individual mandate held not to be a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause  Upheld instead under Congress’s power to “lay and collect taxes”  Medicaid Expansion: invalidated provision that threatens states with loss of Medicaid funding if fail to comply with expansion  BUT expansion stands if penalty is only that states lose new funding if do not comply © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 4
  • 5. KEY DEFINITIONS  Grandfathered Coverage:  Group health plan coverage existing on March 23, 2010  Applies separately to each benefit package.  How to lose grandfathering:  eliminate benefits  increase copay percentage  increase fixed costs over prescribed amounts  reduce level of employer contribution  add or decrease annual dollar limits. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 5
  • 6. KEY DEFINITIONS  Grandfathered Coverage (cont’d)  Okay to:  Add new participants  Change insurance companies after 11/15/10  Change TPAs  Increase premiums (without reducing employer contribution)  Amend plan to comply with reform.  Notice to participants required.  May amend plans to comply with law changes. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 6
  • 7. August 1, 2012: Preventive Care Benefits  New women’s preventive care requirements (including contraception) effective for the first plan year after August 1, 2012  This is in addition to previously required preventive care benefits:  certain evidence-based items or services;  certain immunizations;  for minors, certain preventive care and screenings;  for women, additional preventive care and screenings including breast cancer screening, mammography, and prevention © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 7
  • 8. September 23, 2012: Summary of Benefits and Coverage (“SBC”)  SBCs must be provided as of the first day of the first open enrollment period that begins on or after September 23, 2012 (in general, the open enrollment period for 2013 plan years).  For special enrollees/new hires, SBCs must be provided beginning on the first day of the first plan year beginning on or after September 23, 2012 (for calendar year plans, January 1, 2013). © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 8
  • 9. Summary of Benefits and Coverage (“SBC”)  Plan must notify enrollees of mid-year material modifications not later than 60 days prior to effective date; changes for new plan year may be disclosed in SBC in connection with open enrollment.  May be provided with SPD and other materials as long as displayed “prominently” at the beginning.  MUST use DOL template, glossary, and instructions (caveat for self-insured plans that do not fit template).  No penalties in first year if good faith efforts to comply. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 9
  • 10. Disclosure of Expenses & Insurer Rebates (“Medical Loss Ratio”)  Rules apply to insurers, but may indirectly impact plan insurance costs.  Insurer must report to HHS how premium revenue is expended.  Insurer must rebate policyholders to extent that premium ratio exceeds certain thresholds.  Fiduciary duty rules govern receipt of rebates by plan sponsors. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 10
  • 11. Disclosure of Expenses & Insurer Rebates (“Medical Loss Ratio”)  Note: If employees pay premiums on a pre-tax basis, rebates paid to employees in cash or in the form of a premium reduction will be considered income and subject to employment tax.  A rebate paid as a premium reduction is taxable because it reduces the employee's salary reduction contribution. A rebate paid in cash is treated as additional compensation and is taxable as such.  If premiums paid on an after-tax basis, the rebate would not be subject to employment taxes regardless of whether it was paid in cash or used to reduce the amount of the employee's health insurance premium payment. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 11
  • 12. October 1, 2013: Fees for Research Trust Fund  Insurers and employers with self-insured plans pay:  2013: $1.00 times average lives covered  2014 – 2019: $2.00 times average lives covered  Purpose: Fund comparative clinical effectiveness research  When: File return reporting fee by July 31 of the calendar year immediately following the last day of the plan year.  This is effective for all plan years that end on or after October 1, 2012.  Thus, a January 1 – December 31, 2012 plan will file July 31, 2013. But a February 1, 2012 – January 31, 2013 plan would not have to file until July 31, 2014. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 12
  • 13. 2013: Health FSA Reimbursement Limit  Current Law: No reimbursement limit required – plan sponsors may choose their limit.  A $2,500 limit applies on a plan year basis and is effective for cafeteria plan years beginning after December 31, 2012.  In the case of a short plan year, the limit must be prorated.  The limit is indexed for cost-of-living adjustments for plan years beginning after December 31, 2013. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 13
  • 14. 2013: Health FSA Reimbursement Limit  Cafeteria plan documents must be amended to reflect the $2,500 limit.  Cafeteria plan sponsors have until December 31, 2014 to amend their plans to conform to the new requirements, so long as the amendment is effective retroactively and the plan operates in compliance for plan years beginning after December 31, 2012. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 14
  • 15. 2013: Increased Hospital Insurance Tax  Current Law: Employer must withhold 1.45% for all employees as the employees’ portion.  January 1, 2013: Employee portion of FICA is increased for high income taxpayers by 0.9%. Employer portion remains the same.  Threshold depends on filing status, but employer must withhold extra percentage starting at $200,000. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 15
  • 16. 2013: Elimination of Tax Deduction for Medicare Part D Employer Subsidies  Current Law: Employers can deduct full amounts paid for retiree prescription drugs, including the portion that is subsidized by government and is excluded from income.  January 1, 2013: Can no longer deduct subsidized amount paid for retiree prescription drugs. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 16
  • 17. 2013: W-2 Reporting  An employer that issues more than 250 Form W-2s must report “cost” of employees’ health insurance on form.  Coverage under all plans (except Health FSA, HSA, Archer MSA) is aggregated.  “Cost” includes employer and employee portion: may use COBRA method to determine cost (not counting 2% administrative fee allowed under COBRA).  Reporting required for 2012 tax year (i.e., 2013 W-2). © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 17
  • 18. March 1, 2013: Notification re State Exchanges  By March 1, 2013, employers must notify current employees (and future employees at time of hire) of:  existing exchange’s services and contact information  availability of premium assistance for exchange- purchased insurance if employer coverage is “unaffordable” (employer contribution < 60%  Unavailability of employer subsidy for insurance purchased through exchange © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 18
  • 19. Notification re State Exchanges  Premium assistance takes the form of subsidy payments to a qualified health plan on behalf of the individual.  Take the form of an advanced credit payment.  Exchange will determine whether individual qualifies for premium assistance.  Has been challenged as to whether premium assistance is available only under state exchanges or under federal exchange as well. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 19
  • 20. 2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers  Supreme Court case did not address “pay or play” provision.  An employer with at least 50 full-time equivalents must provide “Minimum Essential Coverage” or pay penalty.  Coverage requirement applies to full-time employees.  Full-time employees = 30 hours per week (guidance forthcoming on determining hours of service).  Counting of part time is up in the air.  Aggregation rules apply when identifying “employer.” © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 20
  • 21. 2014: Coverage Mandate – Minimum Essential Coverage  Minimum Essential Coverage:  A yet to be determined benefits package provided by any of the following four vehicles: 1. Government programs 2. Eligible employer-sponsored plans 3. Individual market plans 4. Grandfathered plans  Most employer-provided group health coverage will meet the very broad definition of “minimum essential coverage.” © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 21
  • 22. 2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers  Employers will be required to make an “assessable payment” to IRS if:  Any full-time employee is certified to the employer as having purchased health insurance through an Exchange and a tax credit or cost-sharing reduction is allowed (i.e., the full-time employee receives a subsidy)  And: © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 22
  • 23. 2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers  The employer does not offer healthcare coverage for all its full-time employees; or  Offers minimum essential coverage that either:  is “unaffordable” (i.e., > 9.5% of employee’s income per W-2, for self coverage); or  Does not provide “minimum value” (i.e., employer’s share of the total allowed “cost of benefits” < 60%, guidance pending). © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 23
  • 24. 2014: Coverage Mandate – Subsidies through the Exchange  The subsidy, or credit, is designed to make health insurance affordable to taxpayers who:  Have a household income for the tax year that is between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level,  Cannot be claimed as a dependent by another taxpayer, and  Who are not eligible for other qualifying coverage, such as Medicare, or “affordable” employer- sponsored health plans that offer “minimum value.” © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 24
  • 25. 2014: Coverage Mandate – Subsidies through the Exchange  When an eligible individual purchases insurance through the Exchange, the Exchange makes subsidy payments to the qualified health plan on behalf of the individual.  Payments take the form of an advance credit payment (“monthly premium assistance amount”) under the Internal Revenue Code.  The Exchange determines whether the individual meets the income and other requirements for advance credit payments, and the amount of the advance payments. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 25
  • 26. 2014: Coverage Mandate – Notice to Employee of Premium Assistance  Exchange will notify employer of applicant’s eligibility to receive subsidy.  Notice must include:  Employee’s identity  Notice that employee has been determined eligible for premium assistance  Statement that employer may be liable for shared responsibility payment  There is an opportunity to appeal (guidance forthcoming on appeal process). © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 26
  • 27. 2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers NOT OFFERING A HEALTH PLAN  Applies when employer does not offer minimum essential coverage to “its full-time employees,” which IRS proposes to interpret as “substantially” all full-time employees, with few exceptions.  Assessable payment/penalty tax = “applicable payment amount” times the number of full-time employees (less 30) during the month.  2014 “applicable payment amount” is $166.67 with respect to any month (that is, 1/12 of $2,000). Adjusted for inflation subsequently.  So for 2014, annualized penalty = $2,000 x number of full- time employees minus 30. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 27
  • 28. 2014: Coverage Mandate – Large Employers OFFERING A HEALTH PLAN  Penalty tax assessable payment = $250 (1/12 of $3,000, adjusted for inflation after 2014) times the number of full- time employees for any month who receive premium tax credits or cost-sharing assistance (this number is not reduced by 30).  Tax is capped at applicable penalty had no coverage been offered: $166.67 (1/12 of $2,000, adjusted for inflation after 2014), times the employer's total number of full-time employees, reduced by 30. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 28
  • 29. Excise Tax on Individuals  Starting in 2014, individuals who do not have Minimum Essential Coverage will be subject to an excise tax. IRC § 5000A  Amount of penalty will phase in and may vary  Payment to be collected on individual’s annual tax return © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 29
  • 30. Information Returns  Starting in 2014, Employers must report insurance coverage information to the covered individual and IRS.  Form will require employer to certify it offers Minimum Essential Coverage.  Form to request name and Social Security number of all full-time employees who are covered. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 30
  • 31. 2014: Plan Design Reforms  No annual dollar limit on “Essential Health Benefits” on or after January 1, 2014  Maximum 90 day waiting period  No pre-existing condition exclusions or limitations  Grandfathered plans must provide coverage for adult dependent child, whether or not the child is otherwise eligible for other employer-sponsored coverage. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 31
  • 32. KEY DEFINITIONS  Essential Health Benefits include the following general categories of benefits (states to flesh out details): a. ambulatory patient services; b. emergency services; c. hospitalization; d. maternity and newborn care; e. mental health and substance use disorder services, including behavioral health treatment; f. prescription drugs; © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 32
  • 33. KEY DEFINITIONS g. rehabilitative and habilitative services and devices; h. laboratory services; i. preventive and wellness services and chronic disease management; j. pediatric services, including oral and vision care; and k. no stand-alone dental or vision. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 33
  • 34. 2014: Plan Design Reforms  Plans may vary premium rates plan only for specific factors, such as coverage of an individual or family, geographic area, age, and tobacco use.  Guaranteed Availability and Renewability of Coverage  Insurers must accept every employer and individual in the state who applies, and must renew such coverage.  Grandfathered plans are exempt.  Clinical Trials  Cannot deny coverage for participation in clinical trials. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 34
  • 35. 2014: Plan Design Reforms  Individual and Small Group Insurance Markets  Health plans offered in the individual and small group markets, both inside and outside of the Exchanges, must offer a core package of “essential health benefits (“EHB”).  Proposed rule defines EHB based on state-specific benchmark plan. States will select a benchmark plan from among several options identified in the proposed rule, and that all plans that cover EHB must offer benefits that are substantially equal to the benefits offered by the benchmark plan. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 35
  • 36. 2014: Plan Design Reforms (continued)  Non-grandfathered health plans in the individual and small group markets must meet certain Actuarial Values (“AVs”), or metal levels:  60 percent for a bronze plan, 70 percent for a silver plan, 80 percent for a gold plan, and 90 percent for a platinum plan.  Also catastrophic-only coverage with lower AV for eligible individuals. HHS is providing a publicly available AV calculator, which issuers would use to determine health plan AVs based on a national, standard population, as required by law. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 36
  • 37. 2014: Plan Design Reforms  No discrimination based on health status  As to benefits or coverage, including continued eligibility, based on health status factors  Health Status Factors:  health status  medical condition (physical or mental)  claims experience  receipt of healthcare  medical history © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 37
  • 38. 2014: Plan Design Reforms genetic information   evidence of insurability  disability; or  any other health factor, per HHS regulations  Grandfathered plans are exempt. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 38
  • 39. 2014: Plan Design Reforms  Cost-Sharing (co-pays, deductibles, co-insurance)  Cannot exceed the limitations provided in the bill for essential health benefits.  Based on maximum out-of-pocket expenses for high deductible health plans, adjusted for cost of living  2014 numbers not yet available.  Deductible: $2000 for self-only and $4000 for family  Grandfathered plans are exempt. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 39
  • 40. 2014: Plan Design Reforms  Expanded Wellness Program  Financial incentives for participation in a wellness program can be based upon health status, including up to 30% of the cost of plan coverage.  Additionally, for any wellness program designed to promote tobacco cessation, the new proposed regulations would allow a reward up to 50% of the cost of plan coverage.  Wellness program standards apply to grandfathered plans. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 40
  • 41. 2014: State Exchange Reimbursement = Qualified Benefit  Reimbursement or direct payment for insurance premiums on state Exchange will be a qualified benefit under a cafeteria plan.  Exception if employer offers Exchange enrollment © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 41
  • 42. 2018: Cadillac Tax  Excise tax will be imposed on insurers on high cost employer-sponsored health coverage:  40% nondeductible excise tax levied on insurers, employers (for HSAs and MSAs), and plan administrators if annual premium exceeds $10,200 for single coverage and $27,500 for family coverage  Note: This tax is calculated ONLY on the excess amount over the annual limitation (e.g., one dollar over $10,200 $0.40 tax over 12 months). © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 42
  • 43. Waiting for Guidance: Automatic Enrollment  Employers with over 200 FTEs that offer health plans must automatically enroll new employees.  Notice must be provided to employee of opportunity to opt out of automatic enrollment in employer’s health plan.  Watch for Regulations. Compliance is not expected before regulations are issued. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 43
  • 44. Waiting for Guidance: Discrimination Testing  Insured health plans must pass some of IRC § 105(h) discrimination testing or employer pays excise tax ($100 per day per person).  Grandfathered plans are exempt.  Effective first plan year beginning on or after September 23, 2010  Government has announced nonenforcement policy pending regulations © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 44
  • 45. Waiting for Guidance: Reporting and Disclosure Requirements  Plans must submit to HHS, State Insurance Commissioner, and make available to the public, certain information, in plain language, in relation to coverage transparency:  claims payment policies and practices  periodic financial disclosures  data on enrollment and disenrollment © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 45
  • 46. Reporting and Disclosure Requirements  data on the number of claims that are denied  data on rating practices  information on cost-sharing and payments with respect to any out-of-network coverage  information on enrollee and participant rights under this title  other information as determined appropriate by HHS © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 46
  • 47. Reporting and Disclosure Requirements  DOL will provide rules.  Grandfathered plans are exempt from these requirements.  Effective first plan year beginning on or after September 23, 2010. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 47
  • 48. Waiting for Guidance: Grants to Small Businesses for Wellness Programs  Grants from 2011 to 2015, for new wellness programs  Only for employers with fewer than 100 employees working 25+ hours per week  HHS to outline requirements, but will concern:  Health awareness initiatives  Maximizing employee engagement  Changing unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle choices  Providing supportive environment. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 48
  • 49. Waiting for Guidance: Efficiency Standards and Wellness Promotion Reporting Requirements  HHS to develop reporting requirements (and penalties!).  Annual report submitted by group health plan to HHS and made available during open enrollment.  Report must describe activities that:  improve health outcomes  prevent hospital readmission  improve patient safety and reduce medical errors  target health and wellness  Grandfathered plans are exempt. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 49
  • 50. Waiting for Guidance: Electronic Operating Rules – Phase 1  In July 2011, HHS issued regulations adopting operating rules for two HIPAA electronic transactions.  Eligibility for health plan  Healthcare claim status  HIPAA-covered health plans must comply by January 1, 2013.  Regulations adopt standards developed by Council for Affordable and Quality Healthcare. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 50
  • 51. 2013: Electronic Operating Rules – Phase 1  Plan must maintain adequate documentation that demonstrates:  the plan conducts electronic transactions for health plan eligibility and health claim status transactions in compliance with the HHS regulations; and  the plan completed end-to-end testing for transactions with vendors (e.g., hospitals and physicians). © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 51
  • 52. 2013: Electronic Operating Rules – Phase 1  Plan must ensure business associates comply, too.  Enforcement through periodic audits and penalties © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 52
  • 53. 2014: Electronic Operating Rules - Phase 2  Plans to adopt and implement uniform operating rules (established by HHS) for electronic fund transfers and healthcare payments and remittance  HHS Regulations issued January 2012  Effective date: January 1, 2014 © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 53
  • 54. 2014: Electronic Operating Rules - Phase 2  Plans to use Unique Health Plan Identifier (“HPID”)  Compliance date for large plans: October 1, 2014; small plans: October 1, 2015  Plans can obtain HPID’s beginning October 1, 2012 through a national enumeration system.  Covered entity must use HPID when it identifies a health plan in a standard transaction. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 54
  • 55. 2014: Electronic Operating Rules - Phase 3  Plans to adopt and implement uniform operating rules (to be established by HHS) for:  Health claims or equivalent encounter info  Enrollment and disenrollment in a health plan  Health plan premium payments  Referral certifications and authorizations  HHS Regulations no later than July 2014 © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 55
  • 56. What should I have done in 2010?  Weigh benefits of grandfathered status versus costs of continued compliance.  Evaluate cost savings of existing retiree plans (net of compliance expenses).  Determine whether your business is eligible for small business tax credit.  Establish COBRA cost method for each plan (for 2011 reporting requirement).  No dumping of participants into High-Risk Pool © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 56
  • 57. What should I have done in 2010 - 2011?  Delete lifetime dollar limits on “Essential Health Benefits” from plans.  Restrict annual dollar limits on “Essential Health Benefits.”  Revisit dependent coverage provisions.  Review preventive care benefits and eliminate deductibles and co-pays.  Amend plans to allow permitted rescission. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 57
  • 58. What should I have done in 2010 - 2011?  Review eligible classes, differing waiting periods, differing benefits, and differing premiums to identify and weed out prohibited discrimination.  Review and amend plan claims process.  Eliminate restrictions on designation of in-network primary physicians.  Eliminate restrictions on designation of in-network primary care pediatricians. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 58
  • 59. What should I have done in 2010 - 2011?  Eliminate prior authorization and in-network requirements for emergency care.  Eliminate pre-authorization for access to OB/Gyns.  Confer with insurer or TPA about data collection and reporting assistance. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 59
  • 60. COX SMITH MATTHEWS INCORPORATED EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ATTORNEYS: Mary M. Potter William M. Fisher L. Katherine Noll Jillian L. Gordon Joshua A. Sutin 112 E. Pecan Street, Suite 1800 San Antonio, Texas 78205 (210) 554-5500 tel (210) 226-8395 fax www.coxsmith.com This PowerPoint presentation is an educational tool that is general in nature and for purposes of illustration only. The materials in this presentation are not exhaustive, do not constitute legal advice and should not be considered a substitute for consulting with legal counsel. Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated has no obligation to update the information contained in this presentation. © 2012 Cox Smith Matthews Incorporated 60

Notas do Editor

  1. IRS has issued request for comments on this issue, including 30 hour equivalencies. Also, all I’m finding is “as of January 1, 2014” – so not sure if this will be plan-year basis.
  2. I’d be careful with the tobacco use reference—that opens the door for the complicated wellness program discussion. You can vary premium rates for smokers vs. nonsmokers, but only if the program meets very specific guidelines.
  3. For 2010 and 2011, the HDHP maximum out-of-pocket expense limit (that is, the sum of the plan’s annual deductible and other annual out-of-pocket expenses (other than premiums) that the insured is required to pay, such as co-payments and co-insurance for an HDHP) cannot exceed $5,950 for self-only coverage and $11,900 for family coverage.