Brinkley13 ppt ch18

Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,
AMERICAN HISTORYAMERICAN HISTORY
13/e13/e
Chapter Eighteen:Chapter Eighteen:
The Age of the CityThe Age of the City
1

America in 1900
2

Population Growth, 1860-1900
 The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America
– The Lure of the CityThe Lure of the City
 Rapid Urban GrowthRapid Urban Growth
 Majority Living in CitiesMajority Living in Cities
 Most from EuropeMost from Europe
 Southern and Eastern EuropeSouthern and Eastern Europe
– MigrationsMigrations
 Geographic MobilityGeographic Mobility
 Most lacked CapitalMost lacked Capital
 African-AmericanAfrican-American
CommunitiesCommunities
3

Immigration’s Contribution to
Population Growth, 1860-1920 Sources of Immigration From Europe, 1860-1900
4

Ethnic and Class Segregation in
Milwaukee, 1850-1890.
– The Ethnic CityThe Ethnic City
 The DiverseThe Diverse
American CityAmerican City
 Benefits of EthnicBenefits of Ethnic
CommunitiesCommunities
 Close-Knit CommunitiesClose-Knit Communities
 Jewish Communities ProsperedJewish Communities Prospered
5

Scenes from a New York City “ghetto” fish market (Library of Congress)
– AssimilationAssimilation
 AmericanizationAmericanization
 Second Generation ImmigrantsSecond Generation Immigrants
 Changing Gender RolesChanging Gender Roles
6

“Immigration Under
Attack,” 1903
(New York Public Library.
Astor, Lenox and Tilden
Foundations)
7

– ExclusionExclusion
 NativismNativism
 American Protective AssociationAmerican Protective Association
 ImmigrationImmigration
Restriction League-1894Restriction League-1894
 ““Desirable Immigrants”Desirable Immigrants”
 Chinese Exclusion Act-1882Chinese Exclusion Act-1882
 Advantages ofAdvantages of
Cheap LaborCheap Labor
Immigrants arriving at Ellis Island
(Library of Congress)
8

 The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape
– The Creation of Public SpaceThe Creation of Public Space
 Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert VauxFrederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux
 ““City Beautiful” MovementCity Beautiful” Movement
 The Back BayThe Back Bay
Frog Pond at Boston Common, 1899
10

The Mall in Central Park, 1902 (Library of Congress)
11

Streetcar Suburbs in
Nineteenth Century
New Orleans
– Housing the Well-to-DoHousing the Well-to-Do
 Growth of SuburbsGrowth of Suburbs
 Moderately Well-to-Do PeopleModerately Well-to-Do People
12

– Housing Workers and the PoorHousing Workers and the Poor
 TenementsTenements
 Population DensityPopulation Density
 Manhattan-1894Manhattan-1894
 Jacob RiisJacob Riis
 How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives
Attic tenement house
13

– Urban TransportationUrban Transportation
 Transportation ProblemsTransportation Problems
 Elevated RailroadsElevated Railroads
 SubwaysSubways
 Trolleys and Cable CarsTrolleys and Cable Cars
 Suspension BridgesSuspension Bridges
 Mass TransitMass Transit
Elevated Railway in Chicago
14

– The “Skyscraper”The “Skyscraper”
 Steel-Girder ConstructionSteel-Girder Construction
Empire Building
in New York
15

 Strains of Urban LifeStrains of Urban Life
– Fire and DiseaseFire and Disease
 Development of Professional Fire DepartmentsDevelopment of Professional Fire Departments
– Environmental DegradationEnvironmental Degradation
 Air PollutionAir Pollution
 Public Health ServicePublic Health Service
16

 Strains of Urban LifeStrains of Urban Life
– Urban PovertyUrban Poverty
 Salvation ArmySalvation Army
– Crime and ViolenceCrime and Violence
 High Crime RatesHigh Crime Rates
– The Machine and the BossThe Machine and the Boss
 Boss RuleBoss Rule
 Political MachinesPolitical Machines
 Urban Immigrant VotesUrban Immigrant Votes
 PatronagePatronage
 Material Assistance to the PoorMaterial Assistance to the Poor
 Graft and CorruptionGraft and Corruption
 Reasons for Boss RuleReasons for Boss Rule
 Tammany HallTammany Hall
 ““Boss” William M. TweedBoss” William M. Tweed17

 The Rise of Mass ConsumptionThe Rise of Mass Consumption
 Middle-Class CultureMiddle-Class Culture
– Patterns of Income and ConsumptionPatterns of Income and Consumption
 Rising Income for almost all AmericansRising Income for almost all Americans
 New Merchandising TechniquesNew Merchandising Techniques
18

 The Rise of Mass ConsumptionThe Rise of Mass Consumption
– Chain Stores and Mail-Order HousesChain Stores and Mail-Order Houses
 Chain StoresChain Stores
 Social Consequences of Mail-Order CatalogsSocial Consequences of Mail-Order Catalogs
– Department StoresDepartment Stores
 Impact of the Department StoresImpact of the Department Stores
– Women as ConsumersWomen as Consumers
 National Consumer League-1890sNational Consumer League-1890s
 Florence KelleyFlorence Kelley
 Improved Wages and Working ConditionsImproved Wages and Working Conditions
19

 Leisure in the Consumer SocietyLeisure in the Consumer Society
– Redefining LeisureRedefining Leisure
 New Conceptions of LeisureNew Conceptions of Leisure
 Simon PattenSimon Patten
 Public LeisurePublic Leisure
20
Amusement Park in Ohio

– Spectator SportsSpectator Sports
 Major League BaseballMajor League Baseball
 Growth ofGrowth of
College FootballCollege Football
 GamblingGambling
and Sportsand Sports
Woman with a Royal Flush
(Royalty-Free / CORBIS)
21

– Music and TheaterMusic and Theater
 Ethnic TheaterEthnic Theater
 VaudevilleVaudeville
– The MoviesThe Movies
 Birth of a NationBirth of a Nation
 Mass EntertainmentMass Entertainment
22
Hammerstein Theater

– Working-Class LeisureWorking-Class Leisure
 Importance of the SaloonImportance of the Saloon
– The Fourth of JulyThe Fourth of July
 Importance of theImportance of the
Fourth of JulyFourth of July
23
Fourth of July Salute, 1893

– Private PursuitsPrivate Pursuits
 Dime NovelsDime Novels
– Mass CommunicationsMass Communications
 Emergence of Newspaper ChainsEmergence of Newspaper Chains
24

 High Culture in the Age of the CityHigh Culture in the Age of the City
– The Literature of Urban AmericaThe Literature of Urban America
 Social RealismSocial Realism
– Art in the AgeArt in the Age
of the Cityof the City
 Ashcan SchoolAshcan School
The Brooklyn Bridge
(Licensed for Use)
25

– The Impact of DarwinismThe Impact of Darwinism
 ““Natural Selection”Natural Selection”
 Resistance from Theologians, Scientists and EducatorsResistance from Theologians, Scientists and Educators
 ““Pragmatism”Pragmatism”
 Growth of AnthropologyGrowth of Anthropology
26
Charles Darwin

– Toward Universal SchoolingToward Universal Schooling
 Spread of Public EducationSpread of Public Education
 ““Land-Grant”Land-Grant”
InstitutionsInstitutions
27
University of
Minnesota, ca. 1900

– Education for WomenEducation for Women
 Women’s Colleges ExpandWomen’s Colleges Expand
““Our failures marry.”Our failures marry.”
Administrator at Bryn MawrAdministrator at Bryn Mawr
28

America in the World:America in the World:
Global MigrationsGlobal Migrations
29

Brinkley13 ppt ch18

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