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Chapter 7 route and formulations
- 1. The Pharmacy Technician 4E Chapter 7 Routes & Formulations
Notas do Editor
- When will drug begin to work
- Topical-local lidocaine, albuteral, zaditor
- Onset is when drug starts working Doa- how long it works
- Ex if a person is dehydrated and its not severe, the person can increase fluid intake BUT if its severe, the person will be hospitalized and given fluids IV
- After a drug is swallowed, it is absorbed by the digestive system and enters the hepatic portal system . It is carried through the portal vein into the liver before it reaches the rest of the body. The liver metabolizes many drugs, sometimes to such an extent that only a small amount of active drug emerges from the liver to the rest of the circulatory system . This first pass through the liver thus greatly reduces the bioavailability of the drug. Alternative routes of administration like suppository , intravenous , intramuscular , inhalational aerosol and sublingual avoid the first-pass effect because they allow drugs to be absorbed directly into the systemic circulation . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_pass_effect
- Cholestyramine-cholesterol KCL
- Buccal is cheek Sublingual- under tongue
- Do not confuse with EC ie enteric coated aspirin- this is coated so that it doesn’t dissolve until in small intestines Some ER tabs it is ok to split b/c the manufacturer has formulated it with a score in the middle of the
- IR refers to immediate release
- Self wetting agent that helps to make a drug extended release
- 15-20gtts per ml when calculating days supply
- Intrathecal analgesia is distinguished from epidural analgesia by catheter location within the neuraxis (see Fast Fact #85 ). In the former, the catheter lies within the subarachnoid space, where small quantities of medication have direct access to spinal drug receptor sites. In the latter, larger doses of medication (necessitated by epidural fat and vascular uptake) must diffuse across the dura to reach these receptors. Epidural vs. Intrathecal Analgesia Potential advantages of intrathecal – relative to epidural – techniques are: Ease of catheter placement, particularly in the presence spinal pathology. Superior analgesia in the following settings: Presence of epidural pathology, e.g. metastatic disease, radiation fibrosis, vertebral compression. Widespread pain, multiple pain locations, and pain distant from catheter site, especially upper body. Pain poorly responsive to high-dose epidural therapy. Fewer catheter problems such as catheter migration or tip occlusion. Lower dose requirements may reduce side effects and lower drug costs. http://www.eperc.mcw.edu/fastFact/ff_98.htm
- PCA usually seen with morphine; it does max out at a certain amount so pt can not od
- Z-track injection is used for Imferon (Fe), Demerol
- Tb tests
- Ed Drugs/stent into urethra
- 15 drops per 1 ml
- Ocusert is an insert with active drug to be placed into the eye which delivers a specific amount of drug