1. CONVERSION OF WASTE MATERIAL
INTO USEFUL PRODUCTS
RECYCLING OF
WASTE

2. MAJOR SOURCES OF WASTE MATERIAL
1. Municipal sources of waste:
 waste from household, different
organization, schools, colleges, other
institutions, restaurant & other public
places
 eg. remnant food, used plastic bottles,
plastic/polythene bags, broken
utensils/furniture, old cloths/shoes,
food/product packets, used papers etc.
2. Medical sources of waste:
 waste from different health care institute
like hospitals, nursing homes
 involves items like different expired
medicines, operational ingredients, used
needles & syringes, used bandage, blood,
pharmaceuticals.

3. 3. Waste from Automobiles:
 includes exhaust contain various poisonous
gases due to incomplete combustions of
petrol in cars.
 old not working vehicles are dumped that adds
more waste to the environment.
4. Industrial sources of waste:
 types of fossils fuel for energy which produces
poisonous smoke containing hydrocarbon and
different
 Scrap material

4. 5. Construction sources of waste:
•waste from different construction activities
of building roads
• involves different concrete waste, wood,
plastic bags of cements & building
materials.
6. Electronic sources of waste:
• different electrical/electronic waste that
•involves TV, computers, vacuum cleaners,
telephones, AC machines etc.

5. WHAT IS RECYCLING?
 Recycling is a process in which waste materials are treated in a
way that they can be used again.
 Recycling is a key component of modern waste
management and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle" waste hierarchy.
 Recyclable materials include many kinds
of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics.
 Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center
or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and
reprocessed into new materials bound for manufacturing.

6. NEED FOR RECYCLING
 It reduces the demand up
on new resources.
 Cuts down the cost and
effort of transport and
production.
 Use waste which would
otherwise be lost to landfill
sites.

7. recycling
step1
COLLECTION PROCESSING
step 2
MANUFACTURING
Step 3
MARKETING
BASIC STEPS OF

8. RECYCLING-STEP 1-
 COLLECTION and PROCESSING:
METHODS:
- drop-off centers
- buy-back centers
-waste collection vehicle
Recyclables are then sent to a material
recovery facility to be SORTED and
PREPARED for MANIFACTURING.
Recyclables are bought and sold like any
other commodity

10. RECYCLING-STEP 2-
 MANUFACTURING
More and more of today’s products are made with total or
partial recycled content
i.e., newspapers, paper ,towels, soft drink containers,
detergent bottles, steel cans,etc.
Recyclables are also used in innovative applications such as
asphalt, carpeting, benches, pedestrian bridges

12. RECYCLING-STEP 3
 MARKETING:
Buying/Selling recycled products completes
the recycling loop.
As consumers demand more environmentally
sound products, manufacturers will continue
to produce high quality recycled products.

13. SOME EXAMPLES

14. WATER

15. FACTS ON RECYCLING WATER
Water is a very precious resource and needs
to be used carefully
Conserve water in your everyday routine
There are several countries in the world,
where people still do not have clean drinking
water
Reclaim rainwater
Sanitize grey water

16. Problem faced by Israel.
They are recycling 75% waste water next to
them are spain 12%
How to face this problem-
Conserving
Recycling
desalination

17. WATER HARVESTING
Conscious collection and storage of rainwater to
cater to demands of water, for drinking, domestic
purpose & irrigation is termed as Rainwater
Harvesting
There are two types of rainwater harvesting
1.surface run of harvesting
2.Rooftop rainwater harvesting

18. USES OF RECYCLED WATER
agriculture
landscape
public parks
golf course irrigation
cooling water for power plants and oil refineries
processing water for mills, plants
toilet flushing
dust control
construction activities
concrete mixing
artificial lakes

19. COMMANLY USED CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
 Concrete
 Brick
 Glass
 Asphalt Paving
 Land Clearing Residuals
 Wood
 Gypsum Wallboard
 Buildings
 Metals
 Roofing(non-asphalt shingles)

20.  CONCRETE:
o Concrete is one of the most important construction material.
o Approximately one ton of concrete is used per capita per
year throughout the world.
o Recycling of concrete –
o irreversible process
o crushed into thin particles
o mixed as aggregate

21. CONCRETE:
o Benefits of
recycling concrete -
• Cost of aggregates
• Disposal costs
• Environmental damage
• Less consumption of
natural resources
• Valuable landfill space

22. RECYCLING OF WOOD PRODUCTS

23. SOURCES OF WOOD WASTE
 Construction wastes
 Doors
 Cupboards
 Fence panels & posts
 Tree branches and green
wastes
 Wooden garden sheds
 Furnitures

24. LAND CLEARING
 Removal of woods , bushes & grass
 For agriculture, urban &
other land purposes
 Trees and bushes—can be
recycled as compost or
mulch

25. PROCESS OF RECYCLING
 Decontamination:
Metals, glass, Papers, Rubbers &
Plastic
 Wood crushing :
1) It reduces the size of wood
into small pieces.
2) Oversize pieces are recirculated
fine particles are obtained.

26. RECYCLED WOOD PRODUCTS
 Horse bedding, pet bedding, poultry bedding
 Panel boards
 Play areas
 Composting
 Energy production
 Mulch and pathway covering
BENEFITS:
 Reduce cutting of new trees
 Preserves forests habitats for animals and birds
 Increase the job in economy

27.  BRICK:
o Broken & discarded brick can be used as
construction infill or as aggregate for non-structural
concrete.
o Brick that are part of demolish rubble can be
crushed and used in the same way.
o Brick masonry rubble contains mortar upto
20% by volume.
o Crushed brick & roofing tiles are the bulk of
demolition waste which were earlier being dumped
in landfills, but now they can be recycled into mortar
plaster & building blocks.

28. Brick
Recycle clean brick by crushing material. Market
outlets for recycled brick include aggregate,
drainage media, and general fill.

29. Producing bricks from waste
 combination of vegetable oil-
based binders which are mixed
with waste aggregates.
 mixture is shaped into bricks and
blocks
 During the heating process the oil
undergoes a number of complex
chemical reactions which
transforms it from a viscous liquid
into a solid binding matrix.
 Producing the products uses no
water, and creates no waste.

30. Roofing(non-asphalt shingles)
Reuse sheathing, terracotta, slate, or
untreated cedar tiles, Metal materials can also
be recycled

31.  GLASS:
o One ton of recycled waste glass corresponds
to savings in energy equivalent to 125lit of fuel
oil & 1.2tons of raw materials.
o Recycling of glass reduces non-biodegradable
glass out of landfills.
o Glass can be used as substitute for Quartz &
Feldspar in the manufacturing of high strength
procelain sanitary ware.
o It can also be used to make mineral wool- an insulation product & in
granular form as part of the aggregate in concrete mixes.
o In USA an experiment was conducted on metal free-glass constituents
separated from municipal incinerator residue. This glass was used to
produce brick, glass-wool thermal insulation & as a major component
of a light weight aggregate used in structural concrete.

32.  PLASTIC:
o There is an over abundance of waste plastic.
o It is very difficult to dispose plastics.
o Waste plastics can be shredded & used as
filler in other materials such as concrete
& also in construction of roads
o House hold plastic waste can also be recycled
to obtain artificial light weight aggregates
for mortar.
o Plastics reduces the possibilities of cracking.

33.  Thermoplastics
Plastic
This material is man made and is a by
product of the oil industry.
There are two types of plastic :
Thermosetting

34. These are described as plastics that can
be reformed using heat : this plastic has
a memory, it returns to its original flat
shape when re-heated.
Thermoplastics materials
thermoplastic resin.
Polypropylene
ABS.
Acrylic , ABS , Styrene
Examples :

35. Thermosetting materials
These are described as plastics that do
not reform using heat, they “SET” and
cannot be reshaped .
Melamine , Polyester resin ,Urea
formaldehyde
Here are some examples :

38. RECYCLED BY
 Reusing as Bags
 Pack things with plastic bags
 Crafting with Plastic Bags
 Store perishable food in plastic bags
 Reuse them for their initial purpose
 Make use of plastic bags for traveling
 Use plastic bags for household needs

40. Recycled plastic

41. RECYCLING - FACTS AND FIGURES
 Today USA recycles 28 % of its waste, a rate that has
almost doubled during the past 15 years
 Recycling of specific materials has grown even more
drastically.
42% of PAPER
40% of all PLASTIC soft drink bottle
55% of all ALLUMINIUM beer and soft drink cans
57%of all STEEL packaging
52 % of all major APPLIACES are now RECYCLED

42. CHANGES IN WASTE MANAGEMENT

43. RECYCLING IS GROWING
 Twenty years ago only one curbside
recycling program existed in the USA
 By 1998-9:
-9,000 curbside programs,
-12,000 recyclables drop-off centers and
- 480 material recovery facilities
had been established in the USA

45. To Recycle
The Choice Is Yours…
To Landfill