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Review Of Economy Under

DEMOCRACY &
DICTATORSHIP
INTRODUCTION
It has been 65 years since the creation of
Pakistan and in this huge time span Pakistan
has seen three military dictatorships and four
democratic governments eras but still the
debate of which is best for Pakistan’s
Economy

Democracy or Dictatorship
Evaluate Economic Performance From
1977-2007
Four Economic Indicators






GDP ( Gross Domestic Product)
Inflation
Electrical Producation
Employment
DICTATOR ZIA- UL-HAQ’S ERA
This period starting from 1977-1988 is
regarded as the second dictatorship
era in the history of Pakistan as
the first one was Ayub Khan’s era,
it is also called the era of Islamization
GDP IN ZIA-UL-HAQ ERA
GDP

45,000,000,000.00
40,000,000,000.00
35,000,000,000.00
30,000,000,000.00
25,000,000,000.00
20,000,000,000.00
15,000,000,000.00
10,000,000,000.00
5,000,000,000.00
0.00
1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

uring the ten years of Zia-Ul-Haq’s rule the GDP of Pakistan increased by 154
INFLATION IN ZIA-UL-HAQ ERA
Inflation
14

12

10

8
Inflation
6

4

2

0
1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

Average inflation rate/year was 7%

1986

1987

1988
ELECTRIC PRODUCTION
Electricity production (kWh)
35,000,000,000.00

30,000,000,000.00

25,000,000,000.00

20,000,000,000.00
Electricity production (kWh)
15,000,000,000.00

10,000,000,000.00

5,000,000,000.00

0.00
1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

Electricity Production during Zia-Ul-Haq’s Era increased by 200% in the ten year
UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5

Unemployment

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

The unemployment rate also decreased by 27%
THIRD DEMOCRATIC ERA

This decade is regarded as the third
democratic era in this period of
approximately eleven years from 1988-1999.
Pakistan’s political history experienced two
democratic government twice i.e Late
Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif
ruled Pakistan alternatively each being
elected twice with heavy mandate of the
people.
FIRST DEMOCRATIC RULE 1988-1990 (PPP)
GDP (current US$)

Electricity production (kWh)

4.02E+10

3.8E+10

3.75E+10
4.015E+1
3.7E+10
3.65E+10

4.01E+10

3.6E+10
4.005E+1
GDP (current US$)

3.55E+10

Electricity production
(kWh)

3.5E+10

4E+10
3.45E+10
3.4E+10

3.995E+1

3.35E+10
3.99E+10
1989

1990

GDP Decreased by 2 %

3.3E+10
1989

1990

Electricity Only by
Inflation

Unemployment

9.2
9
3.5
8.8

3
8.6
2.5

8.4

2

8.2
Inflation
8

1.5

7.8

1

7.6

0.5

7.4

0
1989

7.2
1989

1990

1990

Inflation Increased by 15%

Unemployment Decreased by 18%
SECOND DEMOCRATIC RULE 1990-93(PML)
GDP (current US$)

Electricity production (kWh)

5.2E+10

6E+10

5.1E+10
5E+10

5E+10
4.9E+10

4E+10
4.8E+10
4.7E+10

GDP (current US$) 3E+10

Electricity production
(kWh)

4.6E+10
2E+10

4.5E+10
4.4E+10

1E+10
4.3E+10
4.2E+10
1991

1992

1993

GDP of Pakistan increased by 18.3%

0
1991

1992

1993

Electricity production increased by 23%
Inflation

Unemployment

14

12
7
6

10

5
8

4
Inflation

3

6
2
1

4

0
1991

2

1992

1993

0
1991

1992

1993

Inflation decreased by 15.2%

Average unemployment rate was 5.1%
3RD DICTATOR ERA
2001-2007
After government Nawaz Sharif , General
Musharaf took the control of the government
and legitimized his rule due to elections held
in 2002 brought PML(Q) into the government
who proved to be loyal supporters of
President Musharaf and he ruled Pakistan for
more than 8 years.
GDP IN MUSHARAF ERA
GDP (current US$)
1.8E+11
1.6E+11
1.4E+11
1.2E+11

1E+11
GDP (current US$)

8E+10
6E+10
4E+10
2E+10

0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Massive increase in the GDP of Pakistan by 120%
ELECTRIC PRODUCTION
Electricity production (kWh)
1.2E+11

1E+11

8E+10

6E+10
Electricity production (kWh)

4E+10

2E+10

0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Period of eight years it only increased by 30%.
INFLATION IN MUSHARAF ERA
Inflation

25

20

15
Inflation
10

5

0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Inflation was increased to 20%
Average inflation rate per year during his rule was 7%
UNEMPLOYMENT IN DICTATOR’S ERA
Unemployment
9
8
7
6
5
Unemployment

4
3
2
1
0
2000

2002

2004

2006

2007

2008

Well controlled and in in rule the unemployment decreased by the 1%
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GDP
GDP (current US$)
1.2E+11

1E+11

8E+10

GDP (current US$)

6E+10

4E+10

2E+10

0
Zia UI Haq

PPP

PML(N)

Musharaf
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC
PRODUCTION
Electricity production (kWh)
9E+10
8E+10
7E+10

6E+10
5E+10
Electricity production (kWh)
4E+10
3E+10
2E+10
1E+10
0
Zia UI Haq

PPP

PML(N)

Musharaf
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INFLATION RATE
Inflation
12

10

8

Inflation

6

4

2

0
Zia UI Haq

PPP

PML(N)

Musharaf
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
RATE
Unemployment
7

6

5

4
Unemployment
3

2

1

0
Zia UI Haq

PPP

PML(N)

Musharaf
CONCLUSION








If we consider GDP as the factor for evaluation of governments then
DICTATORSHIP proves a better option.
The second economic indicator used in this report is Electricity production
which also indicates the highest growth rates in the terms of electricity
production was under the government of Musharaf and Zia-Ul-Haq
therefore this factor also supports DICTATORSHIP.
Our third economic indicator in in this report is inflation and it also
indicates that the inflation rates were low and controlled under the
governments of Musharaf and Zia as compared to government of PPP and
PML(N) therefore this factor also supports DICTATORSHIP as a better
form of government.
Unemployment is the fourth economic factor which we have used to
evaluate governments in the past thirty years and this also shows that the
unemployment was LEAST during the rule of Zia-Ul-Haq while Musharaf
had the HIGHEST unemployment rates So there is little edge for
DEMOCRACY for maintaining unemployment rate.
Democracy & dictatorship in Pakistan

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Democracy & dictatorship in Pakistan

  • 1. Review Of Economy Under DEMOCRACY & DICTATORSHIP
  • 2. INTRODUCTION It has been 65 years since the creation of Pakistan and in this huge time span Pakistan has seen three military dictatorships and four democratic governments eras but still the debate of which is best for Pakistan’s Economy Democracy or Dictatorship
  • 3. Evaluate Economic Performance From 1977-2007 Four Economic Indicators     GDP ( Gross Domestic Product) Inflation Electrical Producation Employment
  • 4. DICTATOR ZIA- UL-HAQ’S ERA This period starting from 1977-1988 is regarded as the second dictatorship era in the history of Pakistan as the first one was Ayub Khan’s era, it is also called the era of Islamization
  • 5. GDP IN ZIA-UL-HAQ ERA GDP 45,000,000,000.00 40,000,000,000.00 35,000,000,000.00 30,000,000,000.00 25,000,000,000.00 20,000,000,000.00 15,000,000,000.00 10,000,000,000.00 5,000,000,000.00 0.00 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 uring the ten years of Zia-Ul-Haq’s rule the GDP of Pakistan increased by 154
  • 6. INFLATION IN ZIA-UL-HAQ ERA Inflation 14 12 10 8 Inflation 6 4 2 0 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Average inflation rate/year was 7% 1986 1987 1988
  • 7. ELECTRIC PRODUCTION Electricity production (kWh) 35,000,000,000.00 30,000,000,000.00 25,000,000,000.00 20,000,000,000.00 Electricity production (kWh) 15,000,000,000.00 10,000,000,000.00 5,000,000,000.00 0.00 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Electricity Production during Zia-Ul-Haq’s Era increased by 200% in the ten year
  • 9. THIRD DEMOCRATIC ERA This decade is regarded as the third democratic era in this period of approximately eleven years from 1988-1999. Pakistan’s political history experienced two democratic government twice i.e Late Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif ruled Pakistan alternatively each being elected twice with heavy mandate of the people.
  • 10. FIRST DEMOCRATIC RULE 1988-1990 (PPP) GDP (current US$) Electricity production (kWh) 4.02E+10 3.8E+10 3.75E+10 4.015E+1 3.7E+10 3.65E+10 4.01E+10 3.6E+10 4.005E+1 GDP (current US$) 3.55E+10 Electricity production (kWh) 3.5E+10 4E+10 3.45E+10 3.4E+10 3.995E+1 3.35E+10 3.99E+10 1989 1990 GDP Decreased by 2 % 3.3E+10 1989 1990 Electricity Only by
  • 12. SECOND DEMOCRATIC RULE 1990-93(PML) GDP (current US$) Electricity production (kWh) 5.2E+10 6E+10 5.1E+10 5E+10 5E+10 4.9E+10 4E+10 4.8E+10 4.7E+10 GDP (current US$) 3E+10 Electricity production (kWh) 4.6E+10 2E+10 4.5E+10 4.4E+10 1E+10 4.3E+10 4.2E+10 1991 1992 1993 GDP of Pakistan increased by 18.3% 0 1991 1992 1993 Electricity production increased by 23%
  • 14. 3RD DICTATOR ERA 2001-2007 After government Nawaz Sharif , General Musharaf took the control of the government and legitimized his rule due to elections held in 2002 brought PML(Q) into the government who proved to be loyal supporters of President Musharaf and he ruled Pakistan for more than 8 years.
  • 15. GDP IN MUSHARAF ERA GDP (current US$) 1.8E+11 1.6E+11 1.4E+11 1.2E+11 1E+11 GDP (current US$) 8E+10 6E+10 4E+10 2E+10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Massive increase in the GDP of Pakistan by 120%
  • 16. ELECTRIC PRODUCTION Electricity production (kWh) 1.2E+11 1E+11 8E+10 6E+10 Electricity production (kWh) 4E+10 2E+10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Period of eight years it only increased by 30%.
  • 17. INFLATION IN MUSHARAF ERA Inflation 25 20 15 Inflation 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Inflation was increased to 20% Average inflation rate per year during his rule was 7%
  • 18. UNEMPLOYMENT IN DICTATOR’S ERA Unemployment 9 8 7 6 5 Unemployment 4 3 2 1 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007 2008 Well controlled and in in rule the unemployment decreased by the 1%
  • 19. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GDP GDP (current US$) 1.2E+11 1E+11 8E+10 GDP (current US$) 6E+10 4E+10 2E+10 0 Zia UI Haq PPP PML(N) Musharaf
  • 20. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC PRODUCTION Electricity production (kWh) 9E+10 8E+10 7E+10 6E+10 5E+10 Electricity production (kWh) 4E+10 3E+10 2E+10 1E+10 0 Zia UI Haq PPP PML(N) Musharaf
  • 21. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INFLATION RATE Inflation 12 10 8 Inflation 6 4 2 0 Zia UI Haq PPP PML(N) Musharaf
  • 22. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Unemployment 7 6 5 4 Unemployment 3 2 1 0 Zia UI Haq PPP PML(N) Musharaf
  • 23. CONCLUSION     If we consider GDP as the factor for evaluation of governments then DICTATORSHIP proves a better option. The second economic indicator used in this report is Electricity production which also indicates the highest growth rates in the terms of electricity production was under the government of Musharaf and Zia-Ul-Haq therefore this factor also supports DICTATORSHIP. Our third economic indicator in in this report is inflation and it also indicates that the inflation rates were low and controlled under the governments of Musharaf and Zia as compared to government of PPP and PML(N) therefore this factor also supports DICTATORSHIP as a better form of government. Unemployment is the fourth economic factor which we have used to evaluate governments in the past thirty years and this also shows that the unemployment was LEAST during the rule of Zia-Ul-Haq while Musharaf had the HIGHEST unemployment rates So there is little edge for DEMOCRACY for maintaining unemployment rate.