1. Connective Tissue
DR. KIRTI SOLANKE

2. Connective Tissue
• Found everywhere
• Most abundant
• Development
• Functions
– Protection
– Support
– Bind other tissues
– Energy storage/insulation
– Hormone production

3. COMPONENTS
LIVING NON - LIVING
CELLS MATRIX
FIXED WANDERING FIBRES GRD SUBS
FIBROBLASTS MACROPHAGES COLLAGEN MPS GLYCO PR
FAT CELLS MAST CELLS ELASTIN SO4
TANT MESENCHMAL CELLS PLASMA CELLS RETICULAR NON-SO4
PIGMENT CELLS
NEUTROPHILS
EOSINOPHILS

4. Fibers
• Collagen/ white fibers
• Elastic/yellow fibers
• Reticular fibers/Argyrophilic – fine collagen
fibers

5. COLLAGEN FIBRES
• In bundles branch,1-12um in dia, White
• H &E and Van Gieson:pink;masson’s
T:blue;
• Tensile force,birefringence,swell with
weak alkali,boiling convert it into gelatin.
• Synthesis:fibroblast,regulation,degradation
(MMP)
• Made of tropocollagen mol;made of 3
polypeptide chains(procollagen)

8. SYNTHESIS
• AA taken up by cells& linked PROα
CHAINS αchain 3chains join to form
PROCOLLAGEN MOL such mol leave
cell through secretory vacuoles to form
TROPOCOLLAGEN MOL aggregate to
form COLLAGEN FIBRILS.(vit C,oxy)
• Fibrillogenesis

9. TYPES
TYPE LOCATION
I(250nm dia) SKIN,BONE,TENDON,FASCIA,
CAPSULE
II(20 to 100nm) HYALINE CARTILAGE
,NOTOCHORD,INTERVERTEBRAL
DISC
III RETICULAR FIBRES,FETAL
SKIN,BLOOD VESSEL.
IV BASAL LAMINA,KIDNEY
GLOMERULI

11. RETICULAR
FIBRES(Argyrophilic)
• Collagen type III,Striation(68ηm),20ηm
diameter,do not bundle,uneven in
thickness.
• Form network by branching
• Silver impregnation:black but type I:brown
• H&E:not identified;
• More carbohydrates:PAS
• Early mechanicalstrenth,delicate,suporting
stroma in lymphatic T.(not thymus)
• Synthesis:reticular cells

12. RETICULAR FIBRES

14. ELASTIC FIBRES
• Run singly,branches,0.1-0.2μm in dia
• Not well stained H&E;Certain fixative
make them refractile then can be
visualised
• Composed of:central core of elastin &
surrounding network of fibrillin microfibril
• Lacks hydroxylysine,random distribution of
glysine:HYDROPHOBIC & random coiling.
• Vertebral ligaments,larynx,elastic A

15. WEIGERT’S STAIN

18. GROUND SUBSTANCE
• Glycoprotiens:keratan s
• Multiadhesive
glycoproteins:laminin,fibronectin
• Proteoglycans:aggrecan,decorin
Pr + long chain polysaccharide –
glycosoaminoglycans
(MPS)
» Sulphated
» Non sulphated

19. Ground Substance
• GSG linked with pr.
• Carry sulphate gr(so3-)Carboxyl gr(coo-).
• Thus proteoglycans r in long chain,
• Can retain water thus proteoglycans form
• semi-solid, gel:stiffness
• Molecular arrangement: sieve
• Barrier:kidney;gas exchange:lungs

21. GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS
TISSUE CHOND DERMAT HEPARA HEPARI KERATA HYALUR
ROITIN AN N N N S. NIC
SULPHA SULPHA SULPHA ACID
TE TE TE
TYPICAL + +
CT
CARTILA + + +
GE
BONE +
SKIN + + + +
BASEME +
NT M
OTHERS B/V LUNGS MAST C CORNEA SYNOVI
INTER V AL
DISC FLUID

22. HYALURONIC ACID
• Hyaluronan:free carbohydrate chain
• Polymers r very large
• Synthesized by enzymes &not
posttranslatioally modified
• No sulfate,proteoglycan aggregates
• So cartilage resist compression without
inhibiting flexibility

23. CELLS
• FIXED TYPE:Fibroblast,Persistant
mesenchymal cells,Adipocytes.
• WANDERING
CELLS:Lymphocyte,Monocyte,Mast
cell,Macrophages,Neutrphil,Plasma
cell,Eosinophils.

25. FIBROBLAST ADIPOCYTE

26. MACROPHAGE

27. MAST CELL

28. LYMPHOCYTE

29. PLASMA CELL

31. CLASSFICATION OF C. T.
• Types of cells
• Types of fibres
• Amount of ground subs

32. CLASSIFICATION
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
ADULT C. T. FETAL C. T.
ORDINARY SPECIALISED
LOOSE C. T. DENSE C.T. BLOOD
AREOLAR WHITE YELLOW CARTILAGE
ADIPOSE REGULAR IRREGULAR BONE
RETICULAR TENDON S/C TISSUE
LIGAMENT
APONEUROSIS

33. FETAL C.T:WARTON’JELLY

34. LOOSE AREOLAR T.

37. Loose Connective
• Areolar Tissue
– Gel like matrix
– Fibroblasts, mast cells
– Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers
– Functions to wrap and cushion organs
– Found in the lamina propria, around organs,
capillaries

38. Dense Connective
• Dense Regular
– Parallel collagen fibers
with a few fibroblasts
and a few elastin fibers
– Attach muscles to
bones
– Great tensile strength
in one direction
– Tendons and ligaments

39. DENCE REGULAR C.T.

40. TENDON

41. Dense Connective
• Dense irregular
– Collagen fibers with a few elastic fibers
haphazardly arranged
– Strong in many directions
– Dermis, joint capsules, submucosa of
digestive tract

42. DENCE IRREGULAR C.T.

43. ADIPOSE TISSUE

44. APPLIED
• SCURVY:Vit C DEFICIENCY
• OSEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA:Brittle
bone disease,blue sclera hearing
loss,TYPE I asso
• EHLERS-DANLOS :hypermobility of joints
of digit,TYPE III asso
• MARFAN’S S:FBN1,fibrillin gene