2. Manuel Acuṅa Roxas
Fifth President
First President of the Independent
Third Republic of the Philippines
1946 - 1948
“If war should come, I am certain of
one thing–probably the only thing of
which I can be certain–and it is this:
That America and the Philippines will
be found on the same side, and
American and Filipino soldiers will
again fight side by side in the same
trenches or in the air or at sea in the
defense of justice, freedom and other
principles which we both loved and
cherished.”
(May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948)
He was inaugurated on July 4,
1946, the day the U.S. Nacionalista (1919–1945)
government granted political Liberal Party (1945–1948)
independence to its colony.

3.  Theproclamation of Philippine
independence written by Pres.
Harry Truman was read by Paul
McNutt. This was followed by the
signing of the Treaty
of
General Relations, an
agreement on peace and amity
between the US and the
Philippines.

4. Manuel Roxas’ Priorities
were:
○Industrialization of the
Philippines
○Preservation of close
cooperation and special
relations with the US
○Maintenance of the rule of
law and order

5. Programs and Policies
under the Roxas
Administration
Tydings Rehabilitation Act
Bell Trade Act
Parity Rights
Military Bases Agreement
Adopted Pro-American
Policy

6. Problems and Issues during
the Roxas Administration
1. Issue of collaboration
2. Graft and corruption in the government,
as evidenced by the ―Surplus of War
Property Scandal‖, ―Chinese
Immigration Quota Scandal‖,
―School Supplies Scandal”
3. The failure to put an end to the communist
insurgency and Huk Movement
4. High unemployment rate

7. Elpidio Rivera Quirino
Sixth President
Second President of the Third Republic
1948 - 1953
“While I recognize the United States as a
great builder in this country, I have never
surrendered the sovereignty, much less the
dignity and future of our country.”
— Elpidio Quirino
Significant Event
Two Asian heads of state visited Philippines–
President Chiang Kai-shek of Nationalist China
(Formosa) in July 1949 and President Achmed
Sukarno of Indonesia in January 1951.
On May 26-30, 1950, upon Quirino's invitation seven
free Asian nations held the Baguio Conference of
1950 to discuss common problems of Asian peace
and security. (November 16, 1890 – February
Korean War and over 7,450 Filipino soldiers were
sent to Korea under the designation of the Philippine 29, 1956)
Expeditionary Forces to Korea or PEFTOK

8. Two main objectives of
Quirino Administration:
• Economic reconstruction of
the nation through
industrialization
• Restoration of the faith and
confidence of the people in
the government

9. Programs and Policies
PACSA (President’s Action
1. The creation of
Committee on Social Amelioration) to
alleviate the economic plight of the masses;
2. Establishment of the ACCFA (Agricultural
Credit Cooperatives Financing
Administration) to help farmers avail of low-
interest loans from the government.
3. Establishment of Rural banks and Labor
Management Advisory Board, as well as the
Presidential Advisory Body
4. Excelled in foreign relations

10. Problems and Issues
Encountered:
1. Unabated rampage of graft and corruption in
his government
2. Wasteful spending of the people's money in
extravagant junkets abroad;
3. Failure of government to check the Huk menace
which made travel in the provinces unsafe
4. Economic distress of the times, aggravated by
rising unemployment rate, soaring prices of
commodities, and unfavorable balance of
trade
5. Frauds and terrorism committed by the Liberal
Party moguls in the 1947, 1949 and 1951
elections.

11. Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay
Seventh President
Third President of the Third Republic
1953 - 1957
―The office of the President is the highest in the
land. It can be the humblest also, if we regard it
— as we must — in the light of basic
democratic principles. The first of these
principles is the declaration of the Constitution
that "sovereignty resides in the people and all
government authority emanates from them."
This simply means that all of us in public office
are but servants of the people.”
He is known as president of the masses.
He was sworn into office wearing the Barong
Tagalog, a first by a Philippine president. (August 31, 1907 - March 17, 1957)
During his term, he made Malacañáng Palace He was killed in a plane crash before
literally a "house of the people", opening its the end of his term.
gates to the public.

12. Programs/Policies/Achievemen
ts of NARRA
1. Agraraian reform – creation
(National Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Administration)
2. Breaking the backbone of the HUK Movement
3. Restoration of people’s confidence on the
government
4. Establishment of SEATO (South East Asia
Treaty Organization) in 18 September 1954
5. Negotiated with the Japanese government
regarding the reparations agreement that was
signed in Manila (Japan would pay war
reparations of $300,000,000 for 25 years)
6. Imposed high moral standard for public officials

13. Problems and Issues
1. Impending projects
2. Lack of enough funds
3. Graft and corruption

14. Carlos P. Garcia
 He was among the top ten
in the bar examination.
 Rather than practice law
right away, he first served
the country by being a
teacher for two years at
Bohol Provincial High
School.
 He became famous for his
poetry in Bohol, where he
earned the nickname
"Prince of Visayan Poets"
and the "Bard from Bohol".

16.  Filipino First Policy
○ This is the law that was passed by the
Garcia administration, to give local
businessmen more priority over foreign
investors.
 Austerity Program
○ The Austerity Program was implemented
by Garcia in order to curt the rampant
graft and corruption within the country.
The program centered on wise spending,
industry, thrift, trustworthiness, integrity
and honesty.

17.  Bohlen–Serrano Agreement
○ The Bohlen-Serrano Agreement was the
law that shortened the original 99 year
lease of US bases here in the Philippines
to 25 years, the agreement was
renewable for periods only up to 5 years.
 Republic Cultural Awards
○ The Garcia administration also put
emphasis on cultural revival, due to the
colonization of many countries he felt
that the revival of the Filipino culture was
needed. The award was given to Filipino
artists, scientist, historians and writers.

19.  Garcia was criticized by foreign
countries, especially the United
States for his anti-foreign policies.
 Corruption in the government by
his appointed cabinet members
marred his administration