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1 S2013 England after the Conquest
- 1. England After the Conquest
- 2. Political Economic Military Cultural
- 3. Some Themes (1066-1327) • Problem of succession • Development of Common Law • Distribution of power – King – Nobles – Commoners
- 4. Some Themes (1066-1327+) • King vs. Church; England vs. Rome • England vs. France
- 5. Legacy – Pre-Conquest England • Tax system – Danegeld, heregeld • Shiring • Cities • Law – Charters in the vernacular • Concentration of land ownership • Agricultural advancements
- 6. England 1066 Sons of Godwine
- 7. William the Conqueror Successor to Edward the Confessor
- 8. William the Rightful Successor • …above all else the one God to be venerated throughout his entire kingdom; the one Christian faith always to be kept inviolate; peace and security to be maintained between Englishmen and Normans • … I wish and enjoin: that in [cases affecting] lands, as in all other matters, all shall keep and hold the law of King Edward, with the addition of those [amendments] which I have made for the benefit of the English people
- 9. Succession
- 10. Succession - Different Customs Normandy A bequest, made formally, in the presence of witnesses, it could not legally be revoked England Verba novissima An act made on one's death-bed, in extremis, was taken to supersede previous donations of the same property John S. Beckerman “Succession in Normandy, 1087, and in England, 1066: The Role of Testamentary Custom” Speculum, Vol. 47, No. 2 (Apr., 1972), pp. 258-260
- 11. Harold’s Oath
- 12. Matilda
- 14. Feudalism When did feudalism start in Great Britain? a. 873 Alfred the Great b. 1215 John c. 1066 Conquest ✔ d. 1042 Edward the Confessor e. 1776 Revolution in the colonies
- 15. Feudalism When did feudalism end in Royal territories? a. 2004 b. 1648 Cromwell c. 1215 Magna Carta d. 1560 Henry VIII e. 2008 f. Not yet
- 16. Date set for demise of the feudal system November 22, 2002 Scotland's ancient feudal system of property ownership will be consigned to history in just over two years.The legislation, one of a series of executive bills to reform Scotland's land and property laws, is based on a report by the Law Commission that followed the passing of the Abolition of Feudal Tenure Act in 2000. both pieces of legislation would come into force on November 28, 2004. Sark - 2008
- 17. Royal Finances - Feudal • ‘Aids’ – knighthood, marriage, ransom • Relief – Payments on inheritance – Marriage, wardship • Scutage
- 18. Royal Finances – Non-feudal • Geld – land based tax • Income from royal demesne – rent – sale of crops and livestock • Tallage – tax imposed upon residents of King’s land, townsmen and Jews
- 19. Royal Finances – Judicial • Judicial writs Enforcement • Fines • Foresters • Forest • Sheriffs
- 20. Choices for the Anglo-Saxons • Capture – gentile confinement – monastery • Flee – Scotland – Flanders – Scandinavia – Byzantium
- 21. Choices for the Anglo-Saxons • Join and cooperate – work as administrators – switch masters – Adopt Norman ways • inter-marry • change names • Rebel
- 22. The Norman Occupation Close associates of William 170 Tenants-in-chief 5,000 -10,000 Knights vs. 1-1.5 million English
- 23. William’s Supporters Name Ships Manors (£) Robert, Count of Mortain 120 2100 Odo, Bishop of Bayeux 100 >3000 William, Count of Evreux 80 Roger of Montgomery 60 2430 William fitz Osbern 60 forfeit Hugh, Earl of Chester 60 800 Robert, Count of Eu 60 <180 Roger of Beaumont 60 <114
- 24. Wasting of the Southeast
- 27. Motte and Bailey
- 28. Motte and Bailey Castle
- 29. 1067 • Temporary fortifications – London – tower – Ludgate? –Montfichet – London - Baynard’s Castle • England entrusted to William Fitz Osbern and Bishop Odo when William returns to Normandy
- 30. Motte and Bailey: Windsor
- 33. Colchester
- 35. Expanding Territory Fighting Rebels • Anglo-Saxon holdouts – Danish allies – Norse allies – Welsh allies – Scottish allies • Disgruntled Normans
Notas do Editor
- The Danegeld (pron.: /ˈdeɪn.ɡɛld/;[1] "Danish tax", literally "Dane Money") was a tax raised to pay tribute to the Viking raiders to save a land from being ravaged. It was called the geld or gafol in eleventh-century sources;[2] the term Danegeld did not appear until the early twelfth century.[3] It was characteristic of royal policy in both England and Francia during the ninth through eleventh centuries, collected both as tributary, to buy off the attackers, and as stipendiary, to pay the defensive forcesHeregeld A tribute or tax levied for the maintenance of an army.
- 11th C. 1067c.1070 1101/2Saxon Burgh on east bank of River Arun. Roger of Montgomery granted western Sussex, established seat at Arundel, on west bank. Builds earthwork and tim- ber castle with two wards in a similar pattern to Windsor.Gatehouse built in stone. [Pulborough stone, brought down river]. Roger’s son, Robert of Bellême, rebels against Henry I. Besieged. Surrenders after 3 months. King takes over castle. Later his wife, Alice inherits castle.1138Alice marries William d’Albini (of Buck- enham and Castle Rising. D’Albinibuildsshellkeep in stone