1. Marketing Research
Project
A market study on Hybrid Cars
Project report
Submitted to:
To the faculty of Department of Business Studies of
Keshav Mahavidyalaya(University of Delhi)
Submitted by:
Paras Aggarwal
Submitted to:
Ms Kangan Jain

2. Table of Contends

3. Acknowledgement
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without
the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to
extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
I am highly indebted to Ms. Kangan Jain for their guidance and constant supervision
as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their
support in completing the project.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & classmates for their kind
co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project.
I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to colledge persons for giving
me such attention and time.
My thanks and appreciations also go to all respondents in developing the project,
filling up of the Questionnaire and people who have willingly helped me out with
their abilities.

4. Objective of my project
In this project we have basically set out two objectives:
Business objective:
Our main objective is to increase the sales of hybrid cars by shifting the consumer from
traditional vehicles to hybrid cars.
Research objective:




To understand the behaviour of consumer towards hybrid cars.
To understand the reasons of not purchasing of hybrid cars.
To understand the market conditions for hybrid cars.
To learn the ways by which sales of our product can be increased.

5. Market Conditions for Hybrid Cars
The growing concern over the increasing carbon emissions has forced global automobile industry to
develop advance and better vehicles running on alternative fuels. The factors such as Volatile Oil
Prices, Shrinking of Fuel Reserves, Government Support and European Emission Standards are some
of the factors driving the hybrid cars market. The report anticipates global hybrid automobile
industry will witness a CAGR of more than 20 % over the period of 2012-2018. Government support
will play a vital role in the growth of this industry. Electric vehicles are penetrating the market
rapidly to constitute 35% of the cars made in 2025: 25% of those are expected to be hybrids.
Environmental concerns have made hybrid vehicles more and more attractive, and both
government incentives and consumer attitudes have pushed companies in the automotive
industry to pay more and more attention to the manufacturing of environment-friendly
cars. But hybrid vehicles is not a synonym of cars: nowadays there is a wide variety of
vehicles that use two power sources, from bicycles to buses and other heavy vehicles,
including military and medical applications.

6. What is a hybrid car?
A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the
vehicle. The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which combine
an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors. However other
mechanisms to capture and utilize energy are included.
Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors
and can be configured to obtain different objectives, such as improved fuel economy,
increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools.
Some of the advanced technologies typically used by hybrids include

Regenerative Braking. The electric motor applies resistance to the drivetrain causing
the wheels to slow down. In return, the energy from the wheels turns the motor, which
functions as a generator, converting energy normally wasted during coasting and
braking into electricity, which is stored in a battery until needed by the electric motor.

Electric Motor Drive/Assist. The electric motor provides additional power to assist the
engine in accelerating, passing, or hill climbing. This allows a smaller, more efficient
engine to be used. In some vehicles, the motor alone provides power for low-speed
driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient.

Automatic Start/Shutoff. Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle comes
to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator is pressed. This prevents wasted energy
from idling.

7. How does a Hybrid car works?
The question how do hybrid cars work, can be classified into two separate categories. The
two categories are that of the engine powered by petroleum and that of the engine aided by
an electric charge. Let us first discuss the working of the engine working on petroleum fuel.
This category of engine can be used to propel the car only when the electric motor is being
run at an extremely slow and measured speed. The gasoline motor can also be utilized to
add an extra boost to the engine at instances when the car requires additional power, such
as that of climbing up an inclined road or a steep hill. Some of the examples of cars
belonging to this category include the Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape Hybrid.
Let us consider the example of the Toyota Prius. When the car is started up, the engine
continues to work by the assistance of the electric motor until the car reaches a speed of 25
mph. When the engine is accelerated further and the car begins to move beyond this speed,
the gasoline engine comes to life and starts propelling the system. If the car is subjected to
excess acceleration from the moment of starting up, the gasoline engine takes over
automatically.
The working of electric assist engines is somewhat different. In cars using this technology,
the electrical engine is brought into use only when there is a need for extra power. In other
words, the electric engine is used only to give a push to the car in conditions of traveling
uphill or on harder terrain. Cars like the Civic Hybrid and the Honda Insight work on the
basis of an electric assist engine. These cars make use of the electric engine only when the
driving circumstances are such that there is need for extra force and power. These cars
function better in conditions of cruising on the highway as the driving conditions then do
not strain the engine much and hence fuel economy is bettered.
Therefore when asked how do hybrid cars work, the answer will depend on the model and
type of hybrid engine arrangement.

8. Advantages of a hybrid car
Hybrid cars are an extremely interesting and environmentally friendly option that has been
making waves in the news of late. With the need for action to protect the environment,
hybrid cars are being hailed as the answer to polluting and environmentally damaging
vehicles. Hybrid cars are a sort of cross between electric cars and conventional cars running
on fuels.
Hybrid cars work by running on rechargeable batteries as well as some fuels. As hybrid cars
make the best of both worlds so as to speak, they offer a lot many advantages to people,
which play an important role in the rise in their popularity. In this article we have discussed
some of these advantages. Let us first discuss the most prominent advantage of hybrid cars,
which arises out of the amalgamation of two separate technologies. Due to the electrical
motor which is a part of the system, hybrid cars run on clean energy which does not damage
the environment by causing pollution. And as a result of the gasoline being used as well,
these cars also have the power that comes from conventional fuels. In other words, these
cars by combining positives from both sides manage to be environmentally friendly and at
the same time offer a good mileage.
Due to the constant advances being made in the technology, hybrid cars are at an equal
footing as conventional cars which run on gasoline, and hence owners of hybrid cars do not
have to worry about being cheated out of any fundamental features. One of the great
benefits of using hybrid cars is that these cars help to reduce the consumption and thus
dependency of fossil fuels, and by doing this, they lead to a direct change in the prices of
various fuels. While it is true that the parts of hybrid cars are hard to find and often quite
expensive, owners and prospective buyers need not worry about additional costs as there
are certain warranty schemes which offer replacement of the battery pack as well as other
components, free of cost.
With all the advancements being made in the field of science, the technology for hybrid cars
is being refined and bettered with each passing day. This proves to be a positive sign as it
shows that hybrid cars are here to stay and the investments of big companies in the concept
can be seen to predict a positive future for hybrid cars. As an added incentive to appeal to
people, many governments offer certain schemes to motivate people into buying hybrid
cars. For example, the government in the United States offers a tax discount to owners of
hybrid cars. Hybrid cars are extremely environmentally friendly as they have fewer
emissions of carbon monoxide and other greenhouse gases, in comparison to the cars which
run solely on gasoline.
The maintenance for hybrid cars is fairly easy and certainly no more complicated than that
of conventional vehicles. Hybrid cars do not need any particular servicing or maintenance
throughout the entire lifespan of the car and hence are easy to take good care of. Hybrid
cars reduce the gas emissions by a significant 25% to 35% in comparison to even the socalled environmentally friendly conventional cars.

9. Example of hybrid cars
Ford fusion hybrid(2014):
Price: $25861-$31678
Mileage: 47 kms
The 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid ranks 1 out of 22 Affordable Midsize Cars. This ranking is based on our
analysis of published reviews and test drives of the Ford Fusion Hybrid, as well as reliability and
safety data.
Honda Accord Hybrid
Avg. Paid:$29,724 - $35,433
MPG: 50 City / 45 Hwy
The 2014 Honda Accord Hybrid ranks 4 out of 22 Affordable Midsize Cars. This ranking is based on
our analysis of published reviews and test drives of the Honda Accord Hybrid, as well as reliability and
safety data.
Toyota Camry Hybrid
Avg. Paid:$25,692 - $28,058
MPG: 43 City / 39 Hwy
The 2014 Toyota Camry Hybrid ranks 4 out of 22 Affordable Midsize Cars. This ranking is based on
our analysis of published reviews and test drives of the Toyota Camry Hybrid, as well as reliability and
safety dates.

10. Survey for Market Research
for Hybrid Cars
Hello friends please fill this questionnaire for my marketing project on hybrid cars.
Hybrid cars are those types of cars that uses two sources of energy for running (e.g. petrol and electricity) and
is 20-30 kms more fuel efficient than traditional technology and is also a environment friendly vehicle.
What is your name ?
What is your age?

0-18

19-35

36-60





above 60
What is your gender?
Male
Female
Do you have any private vehicle?
Yes
No
Which kind of fueled vehicle are you using now?

Petrol

Diesel

Hybrid-electric or other environmental friendly vehicle

Other
What is your present vehicle fuel efficiency ?

0-5 kms

6-10 kms

10-15 kms

15-20 kms

above 20
What are the main benefits you consider the most when you are buying a vehicle?
Scale these factors below
1
Price
2
3
4
5

11. 1
2
3
4
5
Size
Speed
Safety
Maintenance costs
Petrol
Consumption
Co2 Emissions
What do you think is the main disadvantage of using traditional fueled (perol or diesel) vehicle?

vehicles are too expensive

high using cost

Too rely on petrol

Not environment friendly





Others
When you are buying a vehicle, do you think of the environmental factor?
Yes
No
Do you know any about hybrid-electric vehicle or any other more environmental friendly vehicles
before doing this questionnaire?
Yes
No
Which reason would make you buy this hybrid electric vehicle?

Its more environment friendly

The using cost is lower than the traditional vehicles

The oil pricing is very fluctuating
Which reason would make you stop buying this hybrid electric vehicle?

Its more expensive than the some performance's traditional fueled vehicles

You don't know this technology so much

You are not sure about the results of this technology

Hybrid vehicles is not good as traditional fuelled vehicle


As the global economic down turn, the decreasing fuel price is decreasing
What are the reasons stopping you using a private vehicle?
The vehicles are too expensive

12. 
High using cost

Petrol is too expensive

Not environment friendly

Others
What is your daily average usage of your private vehicle?

0-25 kms

25-50 kms

50-75 kms

75-100 kms
How much excess money are you ready to pay for Hybrid engine in the same car?

Rs0 - Rs100000

Rs100000 - Rs500000

Rs500000 - Rs1000000
Which size of hybrid car would you prefer ?

Small size cars

Middle size cars

Large size cars
For how long you are going to use a hybrid car?

3years

5years

8years

10years and above
Which brands of car would you prefer with hybrid technology?

Maruti suzuki

Toyota

Honda

Renault

Other:

13. Summary of responses of my questionnaire
50 responses
Summary
What is your name ?
diksha malik harmanpreet singh saagar gupta Samarth Rohit rhythima mahesh Rajiv aggarwal Hitesh Harshit
Chawla Vibhore Neha Aggarwal Paras sharma Sahdev rohit Shivam Gupta Himanshu Anand Verma renu Anmol
gogia keshav Dilnaman singh sachdeva Chandni divya Abhinav gupta himesh jyotish Shukul gaba rishabh
aggarwal kunal Shruti Aggarwal yash Priyanka Chawla Shivam meghna Paras Ruchika pawan Pooja aggarwal
Sumukh Shubham Ranjan rahul Saagar shalgam mirch Pawan renuka swami Priya Gaurav Kishore Sahil
These are the name of all the people who have filled my questionnaire.
What is your age?
0-18
15
30%
19-35
29
58%
36-60
5
10%
above 60
1
2%
In my project maximum respondents constitute of the people of age group 19-35 which constitute to
about 58% this is the group of people who actually decides which vehicle to purchase , they have
more knowledge about automobile and even have knowledge about hybrid cars. So this group of
people have made by project more accurate and realistic.
What is your gender?

14. Male
35
70%
Female
15
30%
In my project maximum respondents are male this is quite obvious because males have more
interest towards cars than females they are actually better decision makers while purchasing of a
vehicle .
Do you have any private vehicle?
Yes
37
74%
No
13
26%
Here we can see that maximum(74%) respondents do have their private vehicles this is because
owning your own vehicle has become a necessity in today’s scenario you need your vehicle for some
or the other purpose so that brought a great boom in automobile sector and is expected that is
going to have same for hybrid cars market .
Which kind of fueled vehicle are you using now?

15. Petrol
24
55%
Diesel
19
43%
Hybrid-electric or other environmental friendly vehicle
1
2%
Other
0
0%
In this we can see that people own more of petrol cars than diesel cars by a small percentage this is
due to the fact that petrol are being part of market since 50 years whereas diesel cars have been
part since 20 years . Today people are purchasing more of diesel cars instead of petrol it is a cheap
source of fuel and diesel cars are more fuel efficient than petrol cars. In similar way hybrid cars is
better more than diesel not just because of fuel cost and fuel efficiency but also it is environment
friendly vehicle. Since hybrid cars are just recently a new innovation in automobile sector so
therefore is not owned by many people but yes we do expect its rising future market.
What is your present vehicle fuel efficiency ?
0-5 kms
1
2%
6-10 kms
9
20%
10-15 kms
26
58%
15-20 kms
6
13%
above 20
3
7%
We can observe that only 7% vehicle are having fuel efficiency above 20kms but maximum vehicles
have fuel efficiency in range of 10-15 kms which is not very good for traditional vehicles as hybrid
cars have fuel efficiency 3-4 times more than traditional vehicles which is biggest drawback to our
traditional automobile industry.
Price [ What are the main benefits you consider the most when you are
buying a vehicle?]
1
2
4%
2
2
4%
3
7
15%

16. 4
5
10%
5
32
67%
Size [ What are the main benefits you consider the most when you are buying
a vehicle?]
1
1
2%
2
6
13%
3
11
23%
4
14
29%
5
16
33%
Speed [ What are the main benefits you consider the most when you are
buying a vehicle?]
1
0
0%
2
5
10%
3
13
27%
4
12
25%
5
18
38%
Safety [ What are the main benefits you consider the most when you are
buying a vehicle?]

17. 1
2
4%
2
2
4%
3
11
23%
4
15
31%
5
18
38%
Maintenance costs [ What are the main benefits you consider the most when
you are buying a vehicle?]
1
0
0%
2
4
8%
3
7
15%
4
6
13%
5
31
65%
Petrol Consumption [ What are the main benefits you consider the most
when you are buying a vehicle?]
1
3
6%
2
2
4%
3
5
10%

18. 4
4
8%
5
34
71%
Co2 Emissions [ What are the main benefits you consider the most when you
are buying a vehicle?]
1
4
8%
2
10
21%
3
23
48%
4
5
10%
5
6
13%
These are the factors that consumer will consider before buying of a vehicle
Price: It is the most important factor that people look for and also a dimension according to which
cars are categorized. Purchase of vehicle basically depends upon the income of the consumer. E.g.
Alto would be purchased by a individual who wants to purchase car for Rs 3,00,000 and Verna would
be purchased by a individual who wants to purchase car for Rs 10,00,000. As per the questionnaire
67% of respondents consider price as a primary factor before purchasing of a vehicle which
constitutes maximum part of respondents and these are the people who are good financial planners
who go according to their pocket.
Size:
Many people do consider the size of the vehicle as their top priority. As people have family members
let’s say 12 members so they might require a SUV car and whereas people who have members let’s
say 4 can purchase a hatchback or sedan. Moreover people who already have a 5 seater car so they
chooses to purchase a big car so that all family members can go together somewhere in a single big
car. 33% of respondents scale size 5 because it depends upon their family size and moreover
nowadays people also decide the size on basis of parking size of the vehicle.
Safety:
31% respondents scale safety 4 even less than 50% because sometimes people have to compromise
for the safety because of higher cost of vehicle with safety features otherwise who would not ensure

19. his or her safety. Safety is also sometimes considered as important factor people want their car
should have all safety features like airbags. People don’t find it tough to compromise for money for
safety.
Performance:
Performance is also crucial factor it many a times comes after price factor people do consider the
performance of their vehicle either by a test drive or knowing its performance through brochures.
People look for car horse power, BHP, top speed etc.
Maintenance:
It’s not just like that you purchase a vehicle and after that no money need to be spent on vehicle.
Every vehicle has its some maintenance costs which consumer needs to spend from time to time .
Maintenance is a very important factor because person will choose a car that leads to least future
outflows.
Fuel Efficiency:
Every vehicle runs in some source of fuel it covers the maximum part of running cost. So as to reduce
it person has to purchase a car which runs more miles in a litre of fuel. Purchasing highly fuel
efficient is also a very important factor while purchasing of a vehicle. In our questionnaire 75% of
respondents have scaled it 5 because running cost matters a lot to consumer and in which hybrid
cars are more better option which gives fuel efficiency 3-4 times more than traditional vehicles.
What do you think is the main disadvantage of using traditional fueled (perol
or diesel) vehicle?
vehicles are too expensive
5
10%
high using cost
16
32%
Too rely on petrol
18
36%
Not environment friendly
10
20%
1
2%
Others

20. 36% of respondents dislike traditional vehicles because they have to depend on petrol which is most
expensive fuel today and hybrid cars have alternate source of energy like electriity similarly 10%
respondents because of expensive vehicles but could save their cost by purchasing hybrid car
because it covers its cost by cheaper running cost and 20% dislike because of not environmentally
friendly and whereas hybrid cars are environment friendly.
When you are buying a vehicle, do you think of the environmental factor?
Yes
36
73%
No
13
27%
73% of respondents consider environment also a factor while purchasing which shows consumer will
love to purchase hybrid car.
Do you know any about hybrid-electric vehicle or any other more
environmental friendly vehicles before doing this questionnaire?
Yes
40
82%
No
9
18%
82% of respondents are aware about hybrid cars so consumers have much knowledge so we need
not spend much on marketing of hybrid cars.
Which reason would make you buy this hybrid electric vehicle?

21. Its more environment friendly
14
28%
The using cost is lower than the traditional vehicles
35
70%
1
2%
The oil pricing is very fluctuating
70% of respondents would purchase hybrid cars because its running cost is less than traditional
vehicles which shows greater market scope for hybrid cars.
Which reason would make you stop buying this hybrid electric vehicle?
Its more expensive than the some performance's traditional fueled vehicles
11
22%
You don't know this technology so much
14
28%
You are not sure about the results of this technology
18
36%
Hybrid vehicles is not good as traditional fuelled vehicle
7
14%
As the global economic down turn, the decreasing fuel price is decreasing
0
0%
36% and 28% of respondents are not aware about the results of this technology and don’t know
about this technology since hybrid cars are a recent innovation in automobile industry which will
soon prove itself to the consumers. 22% of respondents doesn’t like it because it is more expensive
than traditional vehicles and yes this is one of the drawbacks of hybrid cars.
What is your daily average usage of your private vehicle?

22. 0-25 kms
15
32%
25-50 kms
7
15%
50-75 kms
12
26%
75-100 kms
13
28%
How much excess money are you ready to pay for Hybrid engine in the same
car?
Rs0 - Rs100000
12
26%
Rs100000 - Rs500000
30
64%
Rs500000 - Rs1000000
5
11%
64% of respondents are ready to pay Rs 1,00,000 –Rs 5,00,000 extra for hybrid cars which is positive
sign for hybrid cars industry because they will get their required return and progressively develop
this particular field and even may reduce this difference since their innovation cost have been
coveres.
Which size of hybrid car would you prefer ?

23. Small size cars
7
15%
Middle size cars
21
44%
Large size cars
20
42%
44% of respondents want hybrid technology in middle size cars might be because of higher cost of
hybrid so that they could afford this technology whereas 42% want it in large size cars might be
because hybrid technology will be a thing of social status and it increases with large size cars.
For how long you are going to use a hybrid car?
3years
4
9%
5years
18
38%
8years
21
45%
4
9%
10years and above
45% of respondents would keep the car for 8 years , 38% would keep for 5 years and 9% for both 3
years and 10 years.
Which brands of car would you prefer with hybrid technology?

24. Maruti suzuki
8
16%
Toyota
14
28%
Honda
19
38%
Renault
7
14%
Other
2
4%
38% and 28% prefer hybrid cars made by Honda and Toyota respectively because they are aware
that they both of them have good markets in the hybrid technology. Whereas Maruti Suzuki and
Renault have not come up with with hybrid technology yet.
Number of daily responses

25. Analysis of questionnaire
Consumer Behaviour
There are many reasons why people decided to purchase a new vehicle. It was found that the
primary motivation for buying a new car was high mileage on the consumer’s previous or current
car:
When a vehicle attains high mileage, typically problems with the cars condition arise, whether the
exterior of the car is eroding or beginning to look worn, the interior might be unkempt and grungy,
or the car might begin to have mechanical problems. “Cars which continually breakdown and spend
excessive amounts of time being repaired can work out to be a very costly expense. In the long run it
is more economical to buy new and have the satisfaction and knowledge that the car will be
covered under a warranty”23, before problems arise, most people try to sell his or her car and then
purchase a new one, or, if these problems occurred unexpectedly, rather than spending money sens
elessly on a vehicle that might not be worth it, it is more resourceful for the owner to invest in a new
car.
Update to new car
Consumer sometimes just get tired of their vehicle and desire something more updated. They
might wish for something with more modern technology, equipped with the latest machinery and
features, something more comfortable and with a contemporary sleek appearance, “Many people
are choosing to get a newer car because many safety features now come as standard on most
makes and models. Airbags fitted to both the driver's and front passenger are a key feature many
people now look for. Additional back seat airbags are becoming increasingly requested safety
features by people looking for family cars.
Bigger size of the vehicle
Many people require a vehicle with more room and additional space to compensate for a growing
family, extracurricular activities, etc.

26. Target market
(Characteristics of a hybrid car owner)
Educated people:
Those who purchase hybrid vehicles tend to have much higher levels of education and report much
higher household incomes.27 Car buyers who have more knowledge can make an educated and rati
onal decision before committing to a large financial purchase.
Rich class people:
It also comes as no surprise that hybrid owners have higher incomes than those of traditional vehicl
es. The average $5000 price difference between hybrids and nonhybrids is not something many
families can afford to pay up front. This quickly eradicates the option of a hybrid.
Environment lovers:
The environmentally friendly consumers show interest in hybrid vehicles. Furthermore, most have
previously owned smaller vehicles. This justifies that environmentally conscious consumers have a t
rend in purchasing vehicles that have exceptional fuel efficiency.
Factors that consumer considers while purchasing of a vehicle
Price: It is the most important factor that people look for and also a dimension according to which
cars are categorized. Purchase of vehicle basically depends upon the income of the consumer. E.g.
Alto would be purchased by a individual who wants to purchase car for Rs 3,00,000 and Verna would
be purchased by a individual who wants to purchase car for Rs 10,00,000.
Size: Many people do consider the size of the vehicle as their top priority. As people have family
members let’s say 12 members so they might require a SUV car and whereas people who have
members let’s say 4 can purchase a hatchback or sedan. Moreover people who already have a 5
seater car so they chooses to purchase a big car so that all family members can go together
somewhere in a single big car.
Safety: Safety is also sometimes considered as important factor people want their car should have
all safety features like airbags. People don’t find it tough to compromise for money for safety.
Performance: Performance is also crucial factor it many a times comes after price factor people do
consider the performance of their vehicle either by a test drive or knowing its performance through
brochures. People look for car horse power, BHP, top speed etc.
Maintenance: It’s not just like that you purchase a vehicle and after that no money need to be
spent on vehicle. Every vehicle has its some maintenance costs which consumer needs to spend
from time to time . Maintenance is a very important factor because person will choose a car that
leads to least future outflows.
Fuel Efficiency:
Every vehicle runs in some source of fuel it covers the maximum part of running cost. So as to reduce
it person has to purchase a car which runs more miles in a litre of fuel. Purchasing highly fuel
efficient is also a very important factor while purchasing of a vehicle.

27. Summary of my Marketing Research on Hybrid Cars
Project focused on the ever advancing hybrid vehicle technology and its integration into society.
Society has been making a large effort to make everything green and cleaner in today’s world,
including transportation. Advertisements have led people to believe that hybrid cars pollute less,
will save money and reduce dependence on natural fuel sources.The encompassing question answe
red in this paper was; do hybrids live up to expectations that society has suggested of them in the
past decade?
People buy new cars for a variety of reasons, sometimes out of necessity, sometimes for vanity, and
sometimes for fun. Buying a car is a big investment and requires the consideration of many
different variables. People look into price, performance, safety, and reliability when searching for a
new car. With the growing interest in saving our planet, many companies have created hybrid cars
and the government is developing incentive programs. These factors have enticed many people to
consider buying these vehicles.
With many types of hybrid technology available there is much interest in widespread conversion to
hybrid transportation. With such a massive world population and high dependency on
transportation, a significant switch to hybrids from gasoline and diesel vehicles must be met before
any changes can be seen. This could mean converting all of our gas stations; possibly to electric
plug in stations or hydrogen fill up stations. A widespread change to hybrids requires an extended
period of time and also may not be cost effective. Many of the outcomes are not worth all that goes
into getting the advanced technology on the road.
Although hybrid cars typically achieve better gas mileage, they are initially much more expensive
than conventional vehicles. If the increased initial cost of a hybrid is too much, the investment will
be very hard to break even with. Hybrids must be driven to high mileages in certain conditions to re
ally be worth paying for; these mileages are often many times higher than the average mileage that
a consumer keeps their car for. In our focus group of non hybrid vehicles, the additional investmen
t of a hybrid car was often a deciding factor against purchasing a hybrid vehicle. Others in the non‐
hybrid focus group were unable to find hybrid vehicles that fit the requirements that were necessar
y to accommodate their lifestyles. Those that purchased hybrid vehicles were often doing so as a
statement about their concern and efforts to saving the environment.
Hybrid vehicles need to be utilized in situations that will benefit the most from them, such as public
transportation. It can also be concluded that widespread implementation of hybrid technology is no
t feasible at this time. The production of equally efficient hybrid vehicles is not great enough to com
pete with non‐hybrids, both economically and numerically.

28. Conclusion
Hybrid vehicles can be an overall improvement over conventional vehicles These vehicles are now a
vailable in numerous models of all different sizes, capable of filling the requirements for single
individuals or families. They are more technologically advanced, characteristically their appearance
is more modern and desirable, and because there are so many different models and versions of
these cars now, they are better suited for a whole spectrum of people with different desires and
personalities. Due to the steadily increasing gas prices, the popularity of Hybrid vehicles among
society has also escalated. There are many reasons for purchasing these new technologically
advanced automotives; however, one of the more current reasons is the amount of money customer
save on fuel. These new cars are advertised to achieve exceptional gas mileage when compared
with conventional cars.
It is said that even though they are typically more expensive initially, the amount that you save on
gas eventually allows the purchaser to break even and save money, “…with gas prices rising even
further …it is likely that you will recoup that up‐front premium in just a few short years.
Another issue facing the economy is global warming and the effects of pollution on us and the
environment. Those that believe and support in the world “going green” look at the lower fossil fuel
emissions of hybrid vehicles as a reason to buy these cars. With the combination of a gasoline
engine and an electric motor, hybrid cars produce less emissions while being driven, thus saving on
gas and also helping the environment. While most hybrid cars still burn gasoline in an internal
combustion engine, they also use other forms of motive power to help limit how much gasoline
they burn. This means that hybrid cars cause significantly less damage to the environment than
normal cars. It is said that every gallon of fuel burned produces 26 pounds of carbon dioxide that is
then released into the environment. By driving a car that is more fuel efficient, a car that gets about
10 miles more per gallon in comparison to your old car, an individual can reduce the amount of car
bon dioxide released into the environment by about 2,500 pounds each year.
Other than the potential savings on fuel and the opportunity to give back to the environment, there
are also state and federal tax benefits to persuade customers to spend the additional money in
purchasing a new hybrid vehicle, “The Energy Policy Act of 2005” replaced the clean‐
fuel burning deduction with a tax credit. A tax credit is subtracted directly from the total amount of
federal tax owed, thus reducing or even eliminating the taxpayer’s tax obligation. The tax credit for
hybrid vehicles applies to vehicles purchased or placed in service on or after January 1, 2006. The
credit is only available to the original purchaser of a new, qualifying vehicle. If a qualifying vehicle is
leased to a consumer, the leasing company may claim the credit.
Hence hybrid cars have a great potential market and world is no longer far that when we will see
the hybrid car with each and every individual of the world.
At last………
Think hybrid, think green, think money…….
Thank you Mam for referring my project.