1) This document discusses the social, political, economic, and religious transformations in Europe from the Renaissance to the 16th century that set the stage for European colonization of the Americas. 2) It describes advances in technology, navigation, and the growth of powerful nation-states that enabled trans-oceanic voyages of exploration and conquest. 3) The document summarizes the initial colonization of the Americas by Spain and Portugal through figures like Columbus and Cortes, as well as the devastating impacts on indigenous populations and the Columbian Exchange that resulted.

1. European Society From the Renaissance to Roanoke

3. Modern Europe

6. The Social Pyramid Daylaborers, paupers, criminals, etc. Tenant Farmers and Petty Householders Royalty and Greater Nobility Lesser Nobility Greater Bourgeoisie: Merchants, etc. Petty Bourgeoisie: Artisans, etc. Freeholders, small landlords

23. Religious Spectrum of England Radicals Puritans Anglicans “Church Papists” Recusants While the Anglicans would be the largest group, over time, many of the influential landholders, as they had in France and Germany, converted to a more robust form of Protestantism – they became Puritans.

26. Spanish Colonization of the New World