2. Desalination of Saline water by solar energy

3. SUPERVISOR Engr: Khan Mohammad Qureshi GROUP Member's Rizwan Khan soomro (G.L) 07CH07 M.Waqas Hashmi (AGL) 07CH19 Syed Waqar Ahmed 07CH25 Mukseh Kumar 07CH26 M.jaffar Mehmood 07CH69 Waqas Ahmed 07CH65

5. Water is the most needed substance on the earth for sustenance of life. Due to rapid expansion of population, accelerated industrial growth and enhanced agricultural production, there is ever increasing demand for fresh water. Demand of fresh water (potable water) has increased from 15-20 litres/person/day to 75-100 litres/person/day, Introduction

6. Clean drinking water is the basic necessity for every human being, but about 1.1 billion people in the world lacked proper drinking water.

7. Introduction…….

8. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): Standards on Drinking Water Quality (TDS < 500 mg/l) • Sodium • Chloride • Hardness • Sulfate • Other inorganic trace minerals (Si, P, K, B, etc.) What Is Salinity ?

10. MAIN TECHNIQUES FOR DESALINATION a) Flash Distillation b) Vapor Compression Process. c) Electrodialysis d) Reverse Osmosis. e) Solar Distillation .

11. Solar water Desalination In solar desalination water is evaporated; using the sun energy of then the vapor condenses as pure water. This process removes salts and other impurities. Solar energy is allowed into the collector to heat the water. The water evaporates only to condense on the underside of the glass. When water evaporates, only the water vapor rises, leaving contaminants behind. The gentle slope of the glass directs the condensate to a collection trough, which in turn delivers the water to the collection bottle.

12. (Single Slope Solar Still)

13. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. It seems that Egyptians who discovered first green house effect use of solar energy began in the third century before J.C, by Archimedes and 100 years after J.C, by heron of Alexandria, in 1615 by salmon de gauss , in 1974 by Joseph priestly and in 1878 a solar still of 500 m 2 has been set up in the desert of atacama (chila) , in order to supply in water a mine of sodium nitrate . 2. After 1878, work on solar energy has slow down because of fossil energy availability in a lower cost. Solar energy has been reused from 1902 to 1908, by Schumann who built up solar machines with much horse power to pump water.

15. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE 1. To Study the Effect of water depth on rate of evaporation. 2. To Study the Effect of Salt Concentration on rate of evaporation. 3. To Study the Effect of temperature on rate of desalination. 4. To Study the Effect of wind velocity on rate of condensation.

16. Instrumentation. a. Liquid Level controlling b. Liquid Level Indicator. c. Pressure Indicator. d. Temperature Indicator. DESIGN OBJECTIVE

18. METHODOLOGY & EXPERIMENTAL WORK Sample Collection Equipment Calibration Filling of Basin with Saline water Recording Initial Operating Conditions Estimation Of ( Rate of Evaporation & Condensation) Product Analysis ( pH , Coductivity , TDS , BOD , COD ,DO)