Cisco Architectural Vision & Business Consulting Skills
EA is about not just technology but a business architecture incorporating the goals for the business, about information & metadata, the applications and the underlying technologies. It should: describe a method for defining an information system in terms of a set of building blocks show how the building blocks fit together contain a set of tools provide a common vocabulary include a list of recommended standards include a list of compliant products that can be used to implement the building blocksBecause it is so far-reaching this is both its strength – it provides the connection between business and technology –where processes andtechnology merge – but it‘s also its weakness because everyone has a different interpretation and spin on what it means.This is why it‘s important to understand what‘s out there. A range of EAs exist which provide companies with the framework for bringing together these elements of their business into a joined up set of plans which given them the step by step actions to achieve the business goals. TOGAF is one example of an EA framework.And where does Cisco fit? The network as the platform architecture sits within these frameworks and weneed to be able to position Cisco as important to any architectural modelWe‘ve talked about the importance of taking the customer on a journey to business transformation andbeyond through UC. The network as the platform is essential to this because it positions Cisco as thecompany who can truly provide the technology architecture on which to build the business architecture..
Since entering this space just over a year ago, we have seen various market forces at play. The economic downturn, capital constraints, increased regulation, energy shortfalls and globalization are shaping a new competitive landscape. At the same time, businesses are trying to cope with the increasing volume of data, devices and technology in a new business environment characterized by constant change. Here at Cisco, this represents a unique opportunity to help our customers transform their business to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The convergence of business and IT into a dynamic networked infrastructure is the foundation that enables business advantage for our customers.
Objective: Recognise that selling as a Business Enabler is part of Cisco’s strategy to differentiate and add valueSupporting Point 1: Technology Vendor (focused on Products) does not add value -> Price will be the differentiatorSupporting Point 2: Solution Vendor focuses on Tactical Needs, it does not holistically address Business needs -> Value will be the differentiatorSupporting Point 3: Business Enabler focuses on Business Needs -> Business attributes (incl. ROI) will be the differentiator
Chaos and orderWithout the alignment and governance of the Enterprise Architecture the company will form a vision and define strategies to realise the vision. Departments will be impacted by the strategies, each individually, interpreting how to implement the strategy in their own ways, using their own methodologies, processes, technology, vocabulary etc….the result of which is a silo’ed, fragmented approach to implementing the strategies. Under governance of the EA each department has a point of reference leading back to the overall architecture, translating the strategies into department specific action points but still keeping a unified approach and not going off on tangents etc.
Chaos and orderWithout the alignment and governance of the Enterprise Architecture the company will form a vision and define strategies to realise the vision. Departments will be impacted by the strategies, each individually, interpreting how to implement the strategy in their own ways, using their own methodologies, processes, technology, vocabulary etc….the result of which is a silo’ed, fragmented approach to implementing the strategies. Under governance of the EA each department has a point of reference leading back to the overall architecture, translating the strategies into department specific action points but still keeping a unified approach and not going off on tangents etc.
Many enterprise-architectural methodologies have come and gone in the last 20 years. At this point, perhaps 90 percent of the field use one of these four methodologies:The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architectures—Although self-described as a framework, is actually more accurately defined as a taxonomyThe Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGAF)—Although called a framework, is actually more accurately defined as a processThe Federal Enterprise Architecture—Can be viewed as either an implemented enterprise architecture or a proscriptive methodology for creating an enterprise architectureThe Gartner Methodology—Can be best described as an enterprise architectural practice
TOGAF definition:“the fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution”TOGAF is a high level and holistic approach to design, which is typically modelled at four levels: Business, Application, Data, and Technology. It tries to give a well-tested overall starting model to information architects, which can then be built upon. It relies heavily on modularization, standardization and already existing, proven technologies and products.TOGAF is based on four pillars, called architecture domains:Business architecture or business process architecture which defines the business strategy, governance, organization, and key business processes of the organizationApplications architecture which provides a blueprint for the individual application systems to be deployed, the interactions between the application systems, and their relationships to the core business processes of the organization with the frameworks for services to be exposed as business functions for integration.Data architecture which describes the structure of an organization's logical and physical data assets and the associated data management resourcesTechnical architecture or technology architecture which describes the hardware, software and network infrastructure needed to support the deployment of core, mission-critical applications
ITIL’s value proposition centres on the IT service provider (internal IT or external supplier) understanding a customer’s business objectives and priorities, and the role that IT services play in enabling these objectives to be met. ITIL adopts a ‘lifecycle’ approach to IT services, focusing on practices for service strategy, service design, service transition, service operation and continual service improvement
Understand that an architectural approach on itself produces many benefitsSupporting Point 1: One of the key benefits of an architectural approach is reducing risk, both systemic and of human errorSupporting Point 2: An architectural approach ensures better interoperability of componentsSupporting Point 3: An architectural approach is not slotting in point products to plug gaps in securityComments:What does this mean to the customer?
What is the value – without a blueprint you have less control of the overall effectiveness of deployed equipment.Therefore a bigger risk as a supplier.Bigger risk to the customer of failing point products and therefore unnecessary additional cost to support.The network architecture blueprint ensures that the partner and the customer benefit from the lower TCO, delivering standardized designs, optimized for the commercial space- A Gartner report from 2009 shows that there is up to 27% lower cost of ownership by deploying a single vendor solution
Split delegates into groups of 4 or 5
47 billion poundsUk Fitch noted that the UK's ratio of debt to economic output had risen faster than in any other AAA-rated country since 2008. Britain's deficit – currently forecast to hit £163bn this year – has ballooned to nearly twice the size of the shortfalls seen during previous economic downturns in the 1970s and early 1990s.
In this session we’re going to consider where we have come from as a company, where we are going and why we need a new approach to selling.
Historically Cisco, and Cisco Partners have been very successful in selling network components and services. About ten years ago, Cisco moved into the application space, primarily with the advent of IP Telephony. This quickly moved to IP Communications and then into the unification of those communication applications. At the same time Cisco developed the network and it’s capabilities, breaking down the restrictions and borders typically seen with corporate networks. The advances in technology also saw new opportunities around virtualisation and SaaS. The sales opportunities are now very much focused on selling the architecture that capitalises on and supports these new advances, enabling customers to deploy architectures aligned to, and integral to, their business requirements now and in the future. Cisco have moved from a product based model to an architecture based proposition. By aligning the architectural proposition with a customer roadmap, Cisco and Partners will increase deal size, move from a product fulfilment role to a trusted advisor role, eliminate competition and be valued as much for their business acumen as for their technical expertise.
Virgin Trains have a very clear vision:It sets out the values of the company, e.g. safety and reliability. It sets out clear commercial targets profitability. It sets out the relationship between the organisation and its people respecting different views and encouraging openness and honestIn the 1980s, Bill Gates had a simple vision: "A personal computer on every desk, and every computer running Microsoft software." Variations of this vision have allegedly inspired and guided him throughout his career
So, if the vision is the future state, the place that our customers want to be, how do we help them get there?. We need to understand where they currently are, from both a business point of view and also from a technical point of view. The bit in the middle is the gap.Business gap analysis can be used to help achieve certain goals. This analysis includes a description of the company's current situation, and what the company wants to achieve in the future. The difference between these two items is the gap. The analysis includes specific action steps the company must complete to close this gap and achieve its goals. The specific actions in our case will be the customers roadmap that we have ideally worked on with them.
Guy goes into a large department store, wants asprin for headache. Pharmacist asks about headache, discovers it’s stress related. Suggests customer should relax more, directs him to leisure dept. Guy wanders about, thinks what pharmacist said, enquires about leisure activities, buys fishing rod. Assistant sells vision………wonderful evenings, call of the curlew, trout jumping, kingfishers etc. Guy buys season ticket (£600), new clothing. Result…….assistant helped form the vision, increase in sales.
If we break the story down, or analyse it, we can start to see the different elements
EA is about not just technology but a business architecture incorporating the goals for the business, about information & metadata, the applications and the underlying technologies. It should: describe a method for defining an information system in terms of a set of building blocks show how the building blocks fit together contain a set of tools provide a common vocabulary include a list of recommended standards include a list of compliant products that can be used to implement the building blocksBecause it is so far-reaching this is both its strength – it provides the connection between business and technology –where processes andtechnology merge – but it‘s also its weakness because everyone has a different interpretation and spin on what it means.This is why it‘s important to understand what‘s out there. A range of EAs exist which provide companies with the framework for bringing together these elements of their business into a joined up set of plans which given them the step by step actions to achieve the business goals. TOGAF is one example of an EA framework.And where does Cisco fit? The network as the platform architecture sits within these frameworks and weneed to be able to position Cisco as important to any architectural modelWe‘ve talked about the importance of taking the customer on a journey to business transformation andbeyond through UC. The network as the platform is essential to this because it positions Cisco as thecompany who can truly provide the technology architecture on which to build the business architecture..
Cisco’s cloud strategy is to enable our customers to offer cloud services (and applications) by providing them with solutions for private, public and hybrid clouds that uniquely combine the unified data center and the cloud intelligent network and enable the delivery of cloud services. Underlying this strategy are three strategic pillars:Provide the essential architectures, solutionsand integrated systems for customers BUILDING clouds: public, private and hybrid. These include our highly differentiated products such as our unified computing system, our switching and routing products such as Nexus and CRS/ASR/ISR, our cloud enabling services (WaaS, Ace) which radically simplify the building of the cloud infrastructure.Cisco works closely with best-of-breed partners, to provide fully-tested, INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS for customers deploying cloud services. Cisco’s industry leading partners include EMC, Netapp, Vmware, BMC, CA, Redhat, VCE, and others. Together we offer customer a choice of complete solutions which dramatically reduce the time for an enterprise or service provider to deploy cloud servicesCisco simplifies and accelerate the USE of cloud services by providing capabilities to rapidly offer users cloud services. Cisco provides solutions for our customers to deliver cloud services like Collaboration Cloud, Video Delivery, Infrastructure as a service, VxI, security-as-a-service and others. Customers want to access cloud services through a variety of different devices not just their desktops - telepresence, tablets, virtual desktops - all relying on the networkThese pillars work closely together to enable Cisco to best serve our customers in their journey to the cloud and to spur the growth of the overall cloud market. Cisco complements these solutions and services with a comprehensive portfolio of cloud enablement services to rapidly design, stand up and manage cloud solutions. Cisco’s approach directly addresses this issue by providing higher-level building blocks for cloud providers, whether private, public, or hybrid.
Today Cisco is announcing Cisco CloudVerse, an set of capabilities that enhance the data center and network to deliver cloud services. Cisco CloudVerse uniquely combines the unified data center with the cloud intelligent network as an integrated platform to deliver the entire universe of cloud services/applications. Cisco CloudVerse enables customers to build private, public and hybrid clouds – enabling IT as a service and people to collaborate in an entirely new wayCisco CloudVerse enables customers to offer industry leading cloud applications and services such as the Cisco Collaboration Cloud, Cisco Videoscape, Infrastructure as a Service, Security as a Service and an comprehensive set of applications and content from suppliers worldwide.The network is the platform that enables the World of Many Clouds– within the data center, between data centers/clouds and delivering the service from the cloud to the end customer. Cisco CloudVerse assure an assured cloud experience by delivering Cloud Applications and Services within the cloud, between clouds and beyond the cloud (to the user).Cisco CloudVerse is composed of three main elements:Unified Data Center – bringing together the compute network and storage elements to offer an integrated platform for applications and servicesCloud Intelligent Network – enhancing the enterprise borderless networks and the SP next generation network with cloud aware capabilitiesTogether the Unified Data Center and Cloud Intelligent Network together form the platform for delivery of cloud servicesCloudVerse enables a wide portfolio of Applications and Services - Cisco offers a complete set of applications and services that are certified for Cisco CloudVerse for companies to build and provide cloud services to individuals and businesses. Cisco enables a compelling user experience for Cloud Services: anywhere, on any device, at any time. The portfolio includes 3rd party cloud services and Cisco applications such as the Cisco Collaboration Cloud, Cisco Videoscape, Cisco IaaS and Cisco Cloud SecurityCisco Cloudverse is supported by a portfolio of Cloud Enablement Services and Commercial ModelsCisco supports rapid deployment of cloud solutions and services with a comprehensive portfolio of professional and technical services - cloud enablement services to help you quickly realize the full value of cloud. Cisco provides flexible commercial terms that enable customers to reduce the risk of moving to cloudCisco GTM and EnablementCisco enhances the GTM model for customers with a cloud partner program. Customers who adopt cloud by certifying clouds build with Cisco and services from Customer’s Cloud – Cisco branded reseller and Cisco cloud Builder
Cisco CloudVersebrings together Cisco’s leading Cloud Capabilities, Services and Solutions in an integrated platform with 3 pillars:Cloud Services:Collaboration:Collaboration, TP 2.0, WebexVideo:Videoscape, Medianet3rd Party Cloud Services: Over 50 certified IT applications and services that are pre-tested for CloudVerseUnified Data CenterUCS, B, C, UCS ManagerNexus Family Routing and switching Cloud Platform Management (Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud, nVisor (Overdrive))Cloud Intelligent NetworkCloud intelligent network further enhances the enterprise networks (Borderless networks) and SP networks (IP NGN) for cloud with new capabilities:Cloud to Customer Connect: Delivery of services and content from the cloud to the consumer assured by network security, quality of service and application/content accelerationCloud to Cloud Connect: Interconnect solutions between data centers and clouds Enhanced with layer 2 through 7 capabilitiesCloud Enablement PortfolioDeployment of the Cisco CloudVerse solution is accelerated by Cisco and partners portfolio of cloud enablement services. Cisco Cloud Enablement Services include professional and technical collaboration services to facilitate optimal operation of collaboration and video technologies in a cloud.Cisco CloudVersebrings a significant service/solution advantage in each area:Cloud Services:Collaboration: Broad integrated portfolio including Collaboration, TP 2.0, Webex.Consistent Experience, Flexible Models Video: Industry leading delivery of video content (TV, internet and beyond) with Videoscape experience using Medianet capabilities3rd Party Cloud Services: Over 50 certified IT applications and services that are pre-tested for CloudVerseUnified Data CenterIntegrated Compute & Network Management with UCS manager. UCS Bare Metal Scale and Performance RecordsUnified Fabric integrating compute network and stroage traffic on a single physical infrastructure with up to 70% reduction in cabling Simplified Cloud Platform Management (Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud, nVisor (Overdrive))Cloud Intelligent NetworkSecure, Quality Customer Experience delivered by enterprise networks (Borderless networks) and SP networks (IP NGN):Cloud to Customer Connect: Delivery of services and content from the cloud to the consumer assured by network security, quality of service and application/content accelerationCloud to Cloud Connect: Interconnect solutions between data centers and clouds Enhanced with layer 2 through 7 capabilitiesCloud Enablement PortfolioDeployment of the Cisco CloudVerse solution is accelerated by Cisco and partners portfolio of cloud enablement services. Cisco Cloud Enablement Services include professional and technical collaboration services to facilitate optimal operation of collaboration and video technologies in a cloud. Professional /technical services torealize the full value of cloudToday Cisco is enhancingCloudVersewith a number of new solutions and capabilitiesCloud Services:Collaboration: Broad integrated portfolio including Collaboration, TP 2.0, Webex.Consistent Experience, Flexible Models Video: Industry leading delivery of video content (TV, internet and beyond) with Videoscape experience using Medianet capabilities3rd Party Cloud Services: Over 50 certified IT applications and services that are pre-tested for CloudVerseUnified Data CenterIntegrated Compute & Network Management with UCS manager. UCS Bare Metal Scale and Performance RecordsUnified Fabric integrating compute network and stroage traffic on a single physical infrastructure with up to 70% reduction in cabling Simplified Cloud Platform Management (Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud, nVisor (Overdrive))Cloud Intelligent NetworkSecure, Quality Customer Experience delivered by enterprise networks (Borderless networks) and SP networks (IP NGN):Cloud to Customer Connect: Delivery of services and content from the cloud to the consumer assured by network security, quality of service and application/content accelerationCloud to Cloud Connect: Interconnect solutions between data centers and clouds Enhanced with layer 2 through 7 capabilitiesCloud Enablement PortfolioDeployment of the Cisco CloudVerse solution is accelerated by Cisco and partners portfolio of cloud enablement services. Cisco Cloud Enablement Services include professional and technical collaboration services to facilitate optimal operation of collaboration and video technologies in a cloud. Professional /technical services torealize the full value of cloud
There are those that will choose to embark only on a technology path versus an architectural one. While that might seem like the simplest short-term solution, it leads to suboptimal technology benefits. And potentially, complications as you try to scale down the road. With an architectural approach, however, you start seeing reduced total cost of ownership, and better productivity—all resulting from being able to work from anyplace on any device. Ultimately, you’re able to scale your business while managing risk and driving the business to greater growth with increased customer satisfaction and greater customer interactions. This is the architectural advantage.
The Cisco vision is of a seamless, collaborative workspace including mobile, social, visual and virtual – anytime, anyplace, from any device. Collaboration is the act of people working together to achieve a common objective. It involves getting the right information to the right people at the right time to make the right decision.If we can do this, then it will have a real profound impact on how business is done and on how an organization can evolve.But to achieve this, we first have to recognize that things have changed………
The 8 business objectives are: - Improve Customer Satisfaction- Enhance Citizen Services- Optimize Team Performance- Enable Mobile Users - Improve Organizational Communications- Transform Training and Events- Enhance Facility Management- Optimize IT
We’ve simplified our portfolio to 4 key categories:UC, Customer Collaboration, Telepresence And Collaboration Applications. Which can be delivered on premises, from the cloud and in hybrid options. All supported by Cisco and partner services.This is the core message – comprehensive, yet simple. Integrated and robust.
So you need to take an architectural approach that abstracts away the infrastructure, and provides an integrated experience to the users (top).It begins with our integrated collaboration architecture that enables people to collaborate anywhere, on any device, accessing any type of content with the control, policy and flexibility that IT requires.Let’s talk about these three ‘anys’ in a bit more detail. First of all anywhere. For end users, what this means is enabling effective collaboration whether you are at home, in the boardroom, in the office, in the hotel or at the soccer game. And what Cisco is doing is delivering the richest possible experience to end users wherever they happen to be. Users are not relegated to just email or voice calls once you move outside the corporate bounds, but instead enjoy video, UC and presence as if they were in the office.For IT, what anywhere means, is that we allow for alternative deployment models whether on premises, cloud based or a hybrid. And the result of this is that we enable innovation around not just intra company collaboration but also inter company collaboration.Any device is next and what this means is supporting the end points and platforms that people use today. Any endpoint of course includes PCs and phones, but increasingly smart mobile devices, and tablets such as Cius and the iPad.And that means supporting multiple platforms including Android, Mac, RIM, Symbian as well as Windows.Third, is any content.This means connection to any media type in the applications that people work in today, including Microsoft and IBM. Of course this means data and voice, but increasingly video for the most engaging interactions, with the best possible experience for each participant.That might mean WebEx on my smart phone in the airport, connected into a high quality TelePresence for participants in the office, and high quality video on a Cius or laptop for someone at home.If you think about it, only Cisco offers standards based support and vendor and platform interoperability for people-centric collaboration not just in Cisco applications, but with native interoperability to others including Apple, Android, RIM, Nokia, Microsoft and IBM.
The architecture integrates Devices with applications and the full range of services: client, collaboration, medianet, and networkSecurity is integrated throughout the network, not just at endpoints, and access policies can be configured easily to maintain security and smooth operations. This Architecture model isn’t just about the network, but about the whole solution. Think back to security, with defense in depth- this framework provides for collaboration in depth across all platforms, all services, all aspects of the organization.
The different levels of the framework provide different values to the customer, from the foundational Network Services layer, through Medianet, to the actual devices. Without the layered approach, we can’t enable the same level of service to all devices and provide the same experience.
Collaboration delivers value to the enterprise with operational ROI by avoiding unnecessary costs, Productivity ROI by improving processes and interactions and Strategic ROI through business transformation. And, time and again, customers validate these value points.
Talking Points for Marie:Cisco commissioned the Connected Technology World Report study to look at the challenges that organizations face in addressing workforce and business needs in an increasing mobile and socially interactive world. The survey examined employee behavior and IT policy with particular attention to social networking, corporate mobility, and the impact of both on IT security. . The survey included 100 respondents from each of 13 countries, resulting in a survey pool of 2,600 people66% would accept a lower-paying job (10%) for more work flexibility – i.e working outside of “traditional” office45% work an extra 2-3 hours a day since they are able to work outside of the office (additional 25% work 4+ hours)While 45% of IT professionals unprepared/struggle to make workforces more mobile.. According to Gartner, 80% of IT time is spent trying to “keep the lights on” i.e day-to-day operations of making sure the critical business services are running smoothly.. Which means they have just 20% to innovate and provide strategic services that impact business. Issues are centered around: a. Network Visibility and Control – who, what, when, where, and why .. b. Cost:Limited IT staff must address and troubleshootproblems while also managing ever-growingnetwork. New services must deliver proven business value and cost savings. Prove that the services deliver ROI to the business
Transcript:\r\nYOGESH DESAI: Whoa! Whoa, whoa, whoa, Brad! This is a complex slide. Don't tell me we have to remember all this for the test? BRAD COLEMAN: Oh, Yogesh. Anything that looks vaguely complicated, and you all of a sudden go into a flat spin. Well, I could be nasty and say, yes, you need to memorize this, guys. The reality is, not. It's really just to allow me to make a point. As you can see from this slide, we've got a number of boxes around various elements of it, so it's really a way of just showing how switching plays in the borderless network architecture. Now actually, the borderless network architecture is our most powerful tool in our selling portfolio. And I would like to draw your attention to the services. If you're able to position the borderless network services like EnergyWise for energy management, and TrustSec for security, and Medianet for multimedia and video, then you are really in a position to lock out the competition. And that's worth remembering, especially for the test, that if any option is around one of the borderless network services, that's a really good way of locking out the competition. And by getting your customer to adopt one of the services, they're actually adopting the whole architecture, in reality. And the best thing you can do is to get your customer to adopt the whole architecture. Now, there is an engagement model that we were called Transformative Networking, which is run by Ivan Duggan's team. And if you're lucky enough to have that type of engagement within your customer, what they'll do is they will understand what the key business drivers and priorities are within the customer, and from that, create a unique architectural road map that will really link the capabilities of the architecture back to how they will support that customer's business. So yes, the architecture is a very, very powerful tool. I just want to draw your attention to this area around policy management. Typically, Cisco has not been well known for its network management offerings. That's all changing with Cisco Prime, and I really encourage you very strongly to look at Cisco Prime. So let's move on from here before Yogesh gets even more uncomfortable than he is at the moment and just\r\n\r\nAuthor's Original Notes:The diagram you see here outlines the main components of the borderless network architecture – it links applications, users, and end-point devices with operational processes and the network.It serves as both a framework for our system and architecture roadmap, as well as the deployment blueprint for Borderless Organizations. Let me briefly walk through its main elements. There are key pillars of functionality that Cisco Borderless Networks delivers on – primarily video, green, security, mobility, and application performance—on an end-to-end basis. For innovative organizations, these are key areas of investment and differentiation. The critical network services and proof-points of these pillars include Medianet, TrustSec and EnergyWise; they are delivered by the core infrastructure including routing, switching, mobility, security and WAN Optimization components. The services highlighted in red (EnergyWise, TrustSec, and Medianet) and the Unified Access piece are how we “plug in” to the BN story. It’s important to point out and connect between our switches and the BN.Equally important to the Borderless Network architecture is how the user experience is impacted by these network services—when mobile, when engaging with video, and in the workplace—however it’s defined. Network services integrate with endpoint technologies like AnyConnect, to deliver always-on, seamless, reliable, secure connectivity regardless of location or device.Meanwhile, Borderless Management and Policy are built into Network and User Services, offering a flexible and dynamic framework for policy definition and enforcement that spans across video, green, security, mobility, and application performance. The focus here is to connect the right user, the right device, the right application at the right place, at the right time, to the right network. It enables organizations to offer different levels of access privileges or performance characteristics to users, devices and applications.In this framework, policy definition and administration are centralized while control, visibility and enforcement are distributed via the application of dynamic policy assignments.Finally, we have the end-point devices that Cisco extends intelligence and awareness to, including cameras, video terminals, IP Phones, and mobile devices so that the experience is seamless and end to end.It is this blended approach of technologies and new capabilities that will enable new business models and allow your organization to go Borderless. Let’s take a look now at each of those critical network services I mentioned.
Forty-six percent of U.S. government IT officials polled in a recent survey by Ovum said they don't think cloud computing will save their agencies enough money to make using it worthwhile according to Ovum– Information Week, May 2011Only 23% of organizations in the public sector are actually using cloud computing, versus 42% of private-sector companies, according to a Red Shift Research global cloud computing study – InformationWeek, June 2011