2. Importance
0 (zero) is both a number and
the numerical digit used to
represent that number in
numerals.
It fulfils a central role in mathematics
as the additive identity of the integers ,real
numbers, and many other algebraic
structures. As a digit, 0 is used as a
placeholder in place value system.

3. History
India
The concept of zero as a number and not
merely a symbol for separation is attributed to
India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical
calculations were carried out using zero, which
was treated like any other number, even in case
of division. The Indian scholar Pingala circa
5th-2nd century BC) used binary numbers in
the form of short and long syllables (the latter
equal in length to two short syllables), making
it similar to Morse code.

4. He and his contemporary Indian scholars used the
Sanskrit word sunya to refer to zero or void. The
use of a blank on a counting board to represent 0
dated back in India to 4th century BC. In 498 AD,
Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhatta
stated that "from place to place each is ten times
the preceding "which is the origin of the modern
decimal-based place value notation.

5. The oldest known text to use a
decimal place-value system ,
including a zero, is the Jain text from
India entitled the lokavibhaga, dated
458 AD, where shunya ("void" or
"empty") was employed for this
purpose .

6. The first known use of special glyphs
for the decimal digits that includes
the indubitable appearance of a
symbol for the digit zero, a small
circle, appears on a stone inscription
found at the Chaturbhuja Temple at
Gwalior in India, dated 876 AD .
There are many documents on
copper plates, with the same small o
in them, dated back as far as the sixth
century AD, but their authenticity
may be doubted.

7. As a year label
0 (year)
In the BC calendar era ,the year 1 BC is the first year
before AD 1; no room is reserved for a year zero. By
contrast, in astronomical year numbering, the year
1 BC is numbered 0, the year 2 BC is numbered −1,
and so on.

8. Invention
The credit for this goes to Indian
mathematicians and the number zero first
appears in a book about ‘arithmetic’ written by
an Indian mathematician ‘Brahamagupta’. Zero
signifies ‘nothing’ and the current definition
calls it an ‘additive identity’.

9. Aryabhatta
Aryabhatta, the greatest Indian mathematician of ancient
era, has been famous for his mathematical works and
theorems on astronomical bodies that have been found to
be very accurate in terms of modern calculations.
"Aryabhatiya", his only work to have survived has given
the world innumerable theorems and research subjects.
Mathematicians

10. His two other major contributions are
the, introduction of zero to the world
and calculating the approximate value
of pie. His works are also spread in
fields like include algebra, arithmetic,
trigonometry, quadratic equations and
the sine table.

11. Ramanujam
Srinivasa Ramanujan Iyengar, the greatest Indian
mathematician of 20th century, contributed immensely in
fields like number theory, mathematical analysis, string
theory and crystallography.

12. Although he lived for a short span of 32 years, he
compiled nearly 3900 phenomenal results that leave
even the best mathematical brains of today in sheer
awe and wonder!
His genius has been admired
by some greatest
contemporary mathematicians
of his time. He is hailed to be
one of the most famous
mathematicians in the field of
number theory.

13. Archimedes
The greatest mathematicians of ancient era,
Archimedes made phenomenal contribution in the
field of mathematics. His works include integral
calculus studies and finding various computation
techniques to determine volume and area of several
shapes including the conic section.

14. Euclid
Euclid, the 'father of Geometry', wrote the book ,"Euclid's
Elements", that is considered to be the greatest piece of
historical works in mathematics. The book is divided into
13 parts and in it, Euclid has discussed in details about
geometry (what is now called Euclidean geometry).
His contributions are also famous in the fields of spherical
geometry, conic sections and number theory.

15. Rules of Brahmagupta
• The rules governing the use of zero appeared for the first
time in Brahmagupta's book Brahmasputha Siddhanta
(The Opening of the Universe),written in 628 AD.
• Here Brahmagupta considers not only zero, but negative
numbers, and the algebraic rules for the elementary
operations of arithmetic with such numbers.

16. In some instances, his rules differ from the modern
standard. Here are the rules of Brahmagupta:
• The sum of zero and a negative number is negative.
• The sum of zero and a positive number is positive.
• The sum of zero and zero is zero.

17. • The sum of a positive and a negative is their
difference; or, if their absolute values are
equal, zero.
• A positive or negative number when divided
by zero is a fraction with the zero as
denominator.

18. • Zero divided by a negative or positive number is
either zero or is expressed as a fraction with zero as
numerator and the finite quantity as denominator.
•Zero divided by zero is zero.

20. The most difficult concept in mathematics is
operations involving zero. Zero is far from
nothing, what exactly it is can be is difficult to
explain and understand.
One of the most difficult concepts in mathematics is doing
operations involving zero. Contrary to popular opinion
zero is far from being nothing, but what exactly it is can
be difficult to explain and understand.

21. • When we add or subtract using zero we generally
think that what we are adding nothing, and in this
situation we would be correct in using that
thinking. However there are some cases when zero
means something or what it means can't be
accurately described.

22. Multiplication by zero does nothing to change the generally
held concept of zero being "nothing".When we multiply
any number by zero the result is simply zero.
While this result is understood as universal, multiplication
in more advanced mathematics proves that this is not
always so. Using exponents or raising a number to a power
is one example where zero doesn't mean nothing.

23. One of the more interesting
concepts involves the fact that
division by zero is undefined.
Proof of this statement can
yield some amazing and
interesting results.

24. Thank
you