2004-01-21 Continental-Scale Transport of Air Pollutants

EPA Science Advisory Board First National Science Workshop on Environmental Protection Emerging Scientific Topics: Transboundary Air Pollutants Continental-Scale Transport of Air Pollutants Rudolf Husar Washington University, St. Louis, MO December 11, 2003 Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC

The BIG PICTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]

Atmospheric Residence Time Increases with Height ,[object Object],[object Object],NASA Astronaut Limb Photo Troposphere Stratosphere Boundary Layer Aerosol Layers Clouds

Particulate Matter and Ozone – Key Pollutants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is Particulate Matter and How does it Vary? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Contact: Rudolf Husar, rhusar @ mecf . wustl . edu

Aerosol Size Distribution and Morphology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Properties of Particulate Matter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Contact: Rudolf Husar, rhusar @ mecf . wustl . edu

Major Biogeochemical Processes Producing Aerosols Windblown Dust Volcanic Emissions Industrial Aerosols What is the magnitude of the anthropogenic perturbation of natural processes? On global scale dust, smoke dominate the aerosol pattern. Industrial aerosols dominate regional hot-spots Smoke from Fires

Regional Haze Goal: Attain natural conditions by 2064

Industrial Sulfur Emission Density ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],US SOx Emission

MODIS AOT, 2002 MODIS Team ,[object Object],ATSR Fire Locations 1993

MISR Seasonal AOT (MISR Team) ,[object Object]

Pattern of Fires over N. America ,[object Object],[object Object],Fire Pixel Count: Western US North America

May 15, 1998 ,[object Object],[object Object],Smoke from Central American Fires ,[object Object],[object Object]

Smoke Aerosol and Ozone During the Smoke Episode – Inverse Relationship The surface ozone is generally depressed under the smoke cloud Extinction Coefficient (visibility) Surface Ozone

Global Transport of Siberian Smoke

Aircraft Detection of Siberian Forrest Smoke near Seattle, WA Jaffe et. al., 2003

The Asian Dust Event of April 1998 On April 19, 1998 a major dust storm occurred over the Gobi Desert The dust cloud was seen by SeaWiFS, TOMS, GMS, AVHRR satellites The transport of the dust cloud was followed on-line by an an ad-hoc international group China Mongolia Korea

Asian Dust Cloud over N. America On April 27, the dust cloud arrived in North America. Regional average PM10 concentrations increased to 65  g/m 3 In Washington State, PM10 concentrations exceeded 100  g/m 3 Asian Dust 100  g/m 3 Hourly PM10

Origin of Fine Dust Events over the US Gobi dust in spring Sahara in summer Fine dust events over the US are mainly from intercontinental transport

Daily Average Concentration over the US ,[object Object],[object Object],Sulfate is seasonal with noise Noise is by synoptic weather VIEWS Aerosol Chemistry Database

Sahara and Local Dust Apportionment: Annual and July ,[object Object],[object Object],The Sahara and Local dust was apportioned based on their respective source profiles. ,[object Object],[object Object],Annual July

Supporting Evidence: Transport Analysis Satellite data (e.g. SeaWiFS) show Sahara Dust reaching Gulf of Mexico and entering the continent. The air masses arrive to Big Bend, TX form the east (July) and from the west (April)

Seasonal Fine Aerosol Composition, E. US Upper Buffalo Smoky Mtn Everglades, FL Big Bend, TX

Sahara PM10 Events over Eastern US ,[object Object],[object Object],Much previous work by Prospero, Cahill, Malm, Scanning the AIRS PM10 and IMPROVE chemical databases several regional-scale PM10 episodes over the Gulf Coast (> 80 ug/m3) that can be attributed to Sahara. June 30, 1993 July 5, 1992 June 21 1997

Local, Regional, Global Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1970s-1990s: Regional Acid Rain, Haze

The Climates of North America ( Based on Bryson and Hare, 1974)

[object Object],May 9, 1998 A Really Bad Aerosol Day for N. America Asian Smoke C. American Smoke Canada Smoke

Cooperation: Monitoring, Impact, Actions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Seasonal cycle in mean afternoon surface O 3 over the US ,[object Object],Regional pollution: 10-30 ppbv Hemisph. pollution: 5-15 ppbv Natural ozone: 15-25 ppbv Stratospheric ozone: 0-10 ppbv Fiore et al., JGR in prep.

2004-01-21 Continental-Scale Transport of Air Pollutants

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2004-01-21 Continental-Scale Transport of Air Pollutants