1. Wise Long Term Emission and Fenceline Monitoring Ram Hashmonay, ScD +1 919.967.9104 [email_address]

2. Shel Silverstein, Falling Up

3. ORS Emission Monitoring Continuum Primary Objective: Annual Emissions [ton/yr] Information on Individual Emission Sources (Time) Number of Emissions Sources Surveyed (Space) DIAL – Detailed Short-Term Measurements VRPM – Detailed Long-Term Measurements Fenceline Hybrid – Permanent Installations SOF/TAGA/Picarro- Mobile Screening Airborne - ITT

4. Optical Remote Sensing (ORS) Open Path Open-path instruments provide path-averaged concentration data Nonlocalized Emission Source ORS Source/Detector (monostatic) Retroreflector

5. Open-Path Instruments UV Diff. Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Tunable Diode Laser (scanning) Open Path Fourier Transform InfraRed (scanning)

7. OP-FTIR Methods and Procedures

8. Spectral Validation

9. VOC Measurement in the North Direction Blue: Run 5 M-3 F14 Red: n-Butane Green: n-Octane

10. VOC Measurement in the South Direction Blue: Run 5 M-1 F14 Red: n-Butane Green: n-Octane Blue: Run 5 M-1 F14 Red: n-Butane Green: n-Octane

12. Site Specific Correlation

13. VRPM to Measure Emissions Fluxes from Area or Fugitive Sources Mean Wind Direction PI-ORS Instrument

14. USEPA OTM-10 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/tmethods.html

15. Beyond OTM-10: Hybrid Point/Open-Path

17. Four Corners Configuration Surround the pond with four OTM 10 planes Wind

18. Wind 4-Corners Technique is forgiving to wind direction changes Set up and leave configuration for a long period of time Four Corners Configuration

19. OTM 10 For Produced Water Ponds

20. Summary of AM Emission Flux Results from Sites Summary of VOC Emission Flux Results from Sites 0.07 ± 0.062 g/s Evaporation Pond Site 2 0.90 ± 0.572 g/s Skim Pond Site 1 0.18 ± 0.318 g/s Evaporation Pond Site 1 Average AM Flux [g/s] Source Site 0.010 0.005 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.022 0.062 Evaporation Pond Encana 0.066 0.007 0.087 0.180 0.069 0.187 0.086 Skim Pond Williams 0.013 0.001 0.017 0.036 0.014 0.037 0.017 Evaporation Pond Williams Methane (g/s) Methanol (g/s) p-Xylene (g/s) o-Xylene (g/s) m-Xylene (g/s) Toluene (g/s) Benzene (g/s) Source Area Site

21. N W E S Cell Room Prevailing wind OTM 10 Plane Lumex Roof Vents (Monitored) 50m Water Tower Outside Sources

23. VRPM Plume Reconstructions Chlor-Alkali Plant