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Xml transformation language
- 2. An XML transformation language is a programming language designed specifically to transform an input XML document into an output document which satisfies some specific goal. There are two special cases of transformation: XML to XML: the output document is an XML document. XML to Data: the output document is a byte stream.
- 3. XSLT - XSLT is a language for transforming XML documents into XHTML documents or to other XML documents. XPATH - XPath is a language for navigating in XML documents. XQUERY - XQuery was designed to query XML data.
- 4. XSLT stands for XSL Transformations XSLT is the most important part of XSL XSL stands for EXtensible Stylesheet Language. XSL describes how the XML document should be displayed XSLT transforms an XML document into another XML document XSLT uses XPath to navigate in XML documents XSLT is a W3C Recommendation
- 5. The root element that declares the document to be an XSL style sheet is <xsl:stylesheet> or <xsl:transform>. <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Tr ansform"> Or <xsl:transform version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Tr ansform">
- 6. XPath is used to navigate through elements and attributes in an XML document. XPath is a syntax for defining parts of an XML document XPath uses path expressions to navigate in XML documents XPath contains a library of standard functions XPath is a major element in XSLT XPath is a W3C recommendation XPath uses path expressions to select nodes or node-sets in an XML document.
- 9. The <xsl:template> element is used to build templates. The match attribute is used to associate a template with an XML element. The match attribute can also be used to define a template for the entire XML document. The value of the match attribute is an XPath expression (i.e. match="/" defines the whole document).
- 10. The <xsl:value-of> Element The <xsl:value-of> element can be used to extract the value of an XML element and add it to the Output stream of the transformation The <xsl:for-each> Element The XSL <xsl:for-each> element can be used to select every XML element of a specified node-set:
- 11. Example: We want to transform the following XML document ("cdcatalog.xml") into HTML: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <catalog> <cd> <title>Empire Burlesque</title> <artist>Bob Dylan</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Columbia</company> <price>10.90</price> <year>1985</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Hide your heart</title> <artist>Bonnie Tyler</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Columbia</company> <price>20.90</price> <year>1986</year> </cd> </catalog> Save it as cdcatalog.xml
- 12. Then you create an XSL Style Sheet ("cdcatalog.xsl") with a transformation template: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
- 13. Add the XSL style sheet reference to your XML document ("cdcatalog.xml"): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="cdcatalog.xsl"?> <catalog> <cd> <title>Empire Burlesque</title> <artist>Bob Dylan</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Columbia</company> <price>10.90</price> <year>1985</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Hide your heart</title> <artist>Bonnie Tyler</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Columbia</company> <price>20.90</price> <year>1986</year> </cd> </catalog>
- 15. XQuery is designed to query XML data - not just XML files, but anything that can appear as XML, including databases. XQuery is the language for querying XML data XQuery for XML is like SQL for databases XQuery is built on XPath expressions XQuery is supported by all major databases XQuery is a W3C Recommendation XQuery is a language for finding and extracting elements and attributes from XML documents.
- 16. Functions XQuery uses functions to extract data from XML documents. The doc() function is used to open the "books.xml" file: doc("books.xml")
- 17. Path Expressions XQuery uses path expressions to navigate through elements in an XML document. The following path expression is used to select all the title elements in the "books.xml" file: doc("books.xml")/bookstore/book/title (/bookstore selects the bookstore element, /book selects all the book elements under the bookstore element, and /title selects all the title elements under each book element)
- 18. doc("books.xml")/bookstore/book[price>30]/ title The expression above will select all the title elements under the book elements that are under the bookstore element that have a price element with a value that is higher than 30.
- 19. XLink is short for XML Linking Language XLink is used to create hyperlinks in XML documents Any element in an XML document can behave as a link XLink supports simple links (like HTML) and extended links (for linking multiple resources together) With XLink, the links can be defined outside the linked files XLink is a W3C Recommendation
- 20. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <homepages xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <homepage xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.w3schools.com">Visit W3Schools</homepage> <homepage xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.w3.org">Visit W3C</homepage> </homepages>