Sharing 2.0 - collaborative consumption. The need to reinvent the personal Mobility systems in urban areas. Brief discription of Mobility sharing Systems and the importance of Shared Space and Public Space

1. sharing space & time
for a better urban mobility environment
JUN’12

2. Why do we need to change
our mobility paradigm?

3. Some data to think about...
Over 6.7 billion people live on Earth
with more than half living in urban areas.
These include 26 cities with a population over ten million inhabitants each.
Istanbul, Turkey:
14.3 mil. people
Cairo, Egypt:
13.1 mil. people

4. Some data to think about...
The world vehicle fleet is 850 million cars and trucks
It represents 1 motor vehicle for each 8 inhabitants.
If all these vehicles park bumper to bumper
they will create a circle 100 times the diameter of the Earth.

5. Some data to think about...
Most of the world’s urban spaces
were not originally designed to support
the present day car pressure
– both in terms of space and time
spent in urban trips.
Worldwide, motor vehicles consume 18
million barrels of petrol a day.
Each year these vehicles produce an
emission of 2.7 billion tons of carbon
dioxide.
Road accidents claim 1.2 million
lives each year.

6. The attempt to adapt cities to cars and
transit would led us to the destruction of
public space and urban realm

7. the need for change
oil production is limited new energy
alternatives
oil prices are growing faster
than economy are needed

8. Evolution of oil prices

9. Forecasted oil consumption, production and discovery

10. the need for change
time spent in everyday trips
is growing A more efficient
use of cars is
Most part of car daylife is needed
spent in parking facilities

12. the need for change
existing urban space is scarce and
urbanization is expensive A more rational
land use
growing of motorized mobility is distribution is
consuming more and more space, needed
both when vehicles are mooving or for
parking purposes

14. Will our planet be enough?

15. sharing space & time
in mobility infraestructures
and means of personal transport
is therefore an issue to be explored

16. Space sharing

17. Before cars, urban public space was by definition a shared space

19. The square
Praça do
Comércio in
Lisbon

22. Share 2.0
.:collaborative consumption:.

23. Sharing & the new “we+me” mentality
(good for society + saving money)
global
recession
technology sharing community
drivers sharing as a facilitator to
sharing as an old market make new human bonds
behavior being reinvented
because of technology
environmental
concerns
sharing & sustainability

24. share…
“(…) young people are beginning
to think differently about car
ownership.
Unlike earlier generations, for whom
owning a car was a signal of
independence, of having arrived,
young people these days are showing
much less inclination to possess their
own car – and,
empowered by mobile phones,
apps, social networks and start-
ups like Streetcar, Zipcar, WhipCar and
City Car Club, they are increasingly
opting for car sharing.”
John Elkington, The Guardian, June 2011

25. Sharing space & mobility in WW2

26. personal urban mobility systems
Trip Length
high Carpool
middle
Carsharing
taxi
Bike-sharing Taxi-share
short Private
pedestrian Bike
Low middle high
Trip Cost

27. Bicycle Sharing [Paris.FR]
What is?
Velib’ - Large-scale public bicycle-sharing system in Paris, created by a
public-private partnership between Paris Municipality and JCDecaux.
How it works?
_Commuters register first to have unlimited journeys with the first 30min free
_ unlock a bike in a station by passing membership card or credit card if you are
not member
- Ride and lock the bike in any station you like
Costs?
Users: registration membership fee with unlimited 30min journey at €1.70
per day, €8/week, €29/year)
Provider: €73 Mio (capital costs) + €28 Million (operating costs) ,
€1400/bicycle
Advantages: Problems:
-speed of implementation, - high maintenance costs
- flexibility of use (return in different station) - redistribution of
- users can be held responsible (credit- bicycles in stations
card/membership mandatory) (manual)
- Online availability of bikes and parking - thefts/vandalism (80%
spaces in stations – real time information of the total—have been
Renting stations: 1.200 replaced due to
Bikes: 18.000 vandalism or theft)

28. Why Bicycle-sharing systems?
The ultimate goal of bicycle-sharing is to expand and integrate
cycling into transportation systems, so that it can more readily
become a daily transportation mode (Shaheen, 2010), favoring
intermodality.
In general, the rationale for introducing bicycle-sharing is to
promote cycling, increase mobility choices, improve air quality and
reduce congestion, and increase public transport attractiveness.
It is also seen as a means to promote the viability of public transport
by providing an “extension service” for the “first/ last mile” - the
distance which many consider to be too far to walk between home
and public transport and/or public transport and the workplace
(Shaheen, 2010).

29. Lenght of bicycle lane network

30. Capital costs of Bycicle-sharing systems
Capital costs per unit grows significantly when the number of
bicycles are reduced (<1000) or when its very large (>1000),
namely due to station costs

31. Operating costs of Bycicle-sharing systems
Operating costs per unit seems to be constant independtly
of the number of bicycles. It’s directly proportional to the
size of the system

32. Comparision of operating and financing structures

33. Comparision of operating and financing structures

34. Bicycle share: Park & Bike [Lisboa.PT]
What is?
B’INA – Park & Bike, created in 2010 by EMEL (Municipality parking
and mobility company) as a park&Ride system, now extended to all
users in the city.
How it works?
_Parking users in the city of Lisbon (and other city users) can book a folding
bicycle in advance (phone/e-mail) or directly in parking lot booth (2011 – target
extended to all city users),
_Return of the bicycle in same place where the user initiated the renting
Costs?
Users: park users pay a surplus over car parking fee for renting the bike
(€3,5/day)
Advantages: Problems:
-Easy to use with public transport -Limited bicycles - Quick stock out
(foldable bike) -Long time with no use (one user
- flexible door-to-door last mile at a time)
part of the journey -Unflexible returning point
- allows all users, and not just
park users
Renting spots: 12 public owned parks
Bikes: 20 folding bicycles

35. New electric bicycles sharing system: 2013
1st phase: 100 electric bikes, 20 stations
+ partners

36. Bike sharing schemes around the world
generate more than 2.2 millions trips per month.
In Hangzou, China, the biggest bike-sharing
community in the world, more than 240 000 trips
are made each day thanks to 50,000 bikes (more
than twice the number of Paris’ Velib’).

37. Taxi Sharing [London.UK]
What is?
Regulated private sector by Transport for London, door-to-door
transport with a fixed-fare according to the destination zone.
How it works?
_Commuters pick up a destination zone ticket from a taxi share marshal
_Central London divided into seven zones, each with a corresponding flat fare
per passenger
_Marshal shows commuter to taxi, which they share with four other passengers
_As each passenger is dropped off, they pay a flat fare, stated on their ticket
Costs?
The system promises fares per head of around a third of the metered
price, not to mention less noise, disruption, congestion and pollution
Advantages: Problems:
- Fixed-fare cheaper than the metered price, -Limited spots to enter
-less noise, disruption, congestion and the system
pollution -Need to have a prepaid
- Taxi owner: total charge per journey will be destination ticket
higher once the individual fares are added
together
-If there is a long queue of passengers or a
local shortage of taxis, passenger waiting
times will be reduced

38. Electric Car Sharing [Paris.FR]
What is?
Autolib’ - self-servicing electric car service with no obligation to return
the vehicle to the point of departure, provided by the City of Paris and
private company Bolloré Group, since 2011.
How it works?
_ pre-register online & full registration completed in an Autolib Embassy Station
_ rent an electric car in an Autolib station near by (online app)
_ park it in any autolib station
Costs?
Users: membership available for €144 a year, €15 a week or €10 a day
(extra €5 fee will be charged for every 30 minutes of travel),
Investment : €250 Million
(€100million invested by Bolloré Group that will collect profits + €35
Million invested by Paris Municipality, that built rental stations +
€50.000 contribution per station by suburban authorities)
Advantages: Problems:
- autonomy: 250km without charging -Limited use to Paris Ille
-No need to return in the pick up station the France Region
(flexible trips) - if there’s no parking
- estimated reduction equivalent to 22,500 available, the user has to
privately owned vehicles or 164,500,000 return the bluecar to an
fewer km’s driven per year by more polluting autolib center (8 in total)
Stations: 1000 (Paris + 44 suburbs)
vehicles.
Blue cars: 3000 (2012) , 5000 (2013)
- less pollution & less congestion

39. Car Sharing Lisboa.PT]
What is?
MobCar sharing - Renting car service with parking fee included
(limited to 4h), available troughouty the city on and off-street parking
places, runned by Lisbon Bus Public Transport Operator CARRIS since
2008.
How it works?
_Subscription of the service online and payment of annual membership fee
_ reservation of the vehicle by dedicated phone number or online
_ unlocking of car with “Public Transport Card”: “Lisboa Viva” or company card
(that allows multiple users)
_ return point at same place where the rental begun
Costs?
Users: Private or Company, annual membership fee (€50/ €100) plus a
cost by each renting: €1,9/hour + €0,33/km (depending on vehicle)
Provider: Not known (leasing vehicles/company own vehicles)
Advantages: Problems:
-Parking included on-street in entire city (4h) -Limited spots to enter
-Carsharing for companies (special card – the system
multiple users) -Only available for users
Renting spots: 8 parking locations -All driving costs included (fuel & parking);
Cars: 10 (smart, hybrids, diesel) of public transport or for
-Easy to use unlock system co-workers of company
Clients: 100 private + 150 companies
(100 shares/month, 3to4h use/each) that is part of the system

40. Peugeot sees a new attitude emerging among its consumers,
with a clear demand for new forms of mobility. These reflect a
desire to have access to a wider range of mobility solutions, a
growing need to cut back on the growing cost of owning a car
(including depreciation, tax, insurance, parking and congestion charges),
and an appetite to shrink carbon footprints – plus, no doubt, a
quest for the cool new thing.
Peugeot's Mu is already operating in eight EU countries, including
Britain, with 80 rental locations and 15,000 users – 1,000 of them in
London and Bristol.

41. DriveNow is the innovative car-sharing project
from BMWi, MINI and SIXT.
DriveNow is accessible to registered members, i.e. you must report once to a registration station.
DriveNow offers modern, well-equipped MINI and BMW vehicles, which are available around the city,
for spontaneous journeys from A to B.
The vehicles can be
reserved for a short
period via our
smartphone
application or online.

42. P2P Car Sharing [USA]
What is?
Getaround – peer-to-peer networking private car rental system,
matching drivers with renters trough an aplication (app) or website,
created by a Silicon Valley start-up in May 2011.
How it works?
_ register online (as a renter or with your vehicle)
_ proposal of vehicle renatl online according to the best suited location (vehicle
near the customer)
Costs?
Owner of vehicle: free to register the vehicle in the system
User: free to join the system – you just pay the fee to rent the vehicle
Advantages: Problems:
-Flexible sharing profile (you can choose - Key inside the vehicle
authorised group of renters) or the need to arrange
- high potencial matching connections time for the delivery of
between owners/renters the key
- efficient use of idle cars (that spent 90% of - returning vehicle in the
the time stoped) same place where you
Members: 30.000 (Mar2012, one year) - easy to use & unlock vehicle system rented
Vehicles: 8.000 - investment in “car kit”
to allow wireless unlock

43. P2P Car Sharing

44. Car Pool [USA]
What is?
Carpooling.com – Biggest european online platform that allows
drivers to match with other users according to their destination, since
2001.
How it works?
_ register online
_ Driver offers seats in car & passenger car books a ride (and pays)
Costs?
Passenger car : pays for the ride according to driver conditions
Advantages: Problems:
-600.000 rides available -Limited to the driver
- you can rate users/and choose according to journey and time
-Save gas &toll money
-Flexible access to the sistem (online, mobilie
phone, social network)
Members: 3.5 Million users (2010)
Trips: 5.9 Million trips (2010)
Where: 9 Countries (7 languages)

45. Key issues on shared systems
1. Operation and maintenance costs
2. Integration with public transport
3. Access and type of users
(only residents, pre-registered,
pre-paid or free access)
6. Area served
(CBD or all the urban area)

46. Mobility is arguably the most vibrant
sector of the sharing economy.