The document summarizes the major developments of the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century. It discusses factors like population growth, agricultural advances, and global trade that set the stage. Key inventions like the spinning jenny, steam engine, canals, and railroads drove the first industrialization in Britain. The industrialization process then spread to other countries in the 19th century and led to rapid urbanization, changes in social classes, and debates around workers' conditions and the rise of socialism.

1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Europe in the 18th Century:
Background to Revolution
 Paradigm Shifts
 Population growth
 Agricultural
Revolution
 Class Divisions
 Global War

3. Foundations of the Industrial
Revolution
 Agricultural Revolution
 Population Growth
◦ Enclosure System in Great Britain
 Concentrated Markets
 Atlantic – centered economy
 Money and banking
 Political stability

4. Human Capital
Peasants = large,
semi-skilled work
force
Putting out system:
Inefficient
Slow
Failure of the putting
out system led to rise
of industry

5. The Rise of Industry - Late
1700’s
 Entrepreneurs
 Inventors
 Consumers
 Technological advancement
 Resources
 Mass production

6. The Rise of Industry
 Spinning Jenny
◦ James Hargreaves - 1764
Spinning Jenny
 Steam engine
◦ James Watt - 1765
 Canals
◦ Steamboat – 1774 (first successful boat)
◦ Robert Fulton
 Made commercial use of steamboats popular
 Railroads - 1829 Steam Engine
◦ George Stephenson
◦ Urbanization
◦ Nationalism
Rocket Locomotive

7. Spread of Industrialization
 Great Britain
◦ Industrial Revolution began here
◦ 50 year monopoly
◦ The Crystal Palace

8. The Second Industrial Revolution
 Second Industrial Revolution
◦ Around 1850
◦ United States
◦ Germany

9. Industrial Society
 Material Benefits
 Migration
 Urbanization
◦ Living conditions
 Gender Relations

10. Industrial Society
 Upward social mobility
 Bourgeoisie - (in Marxist theory) the class that, in contrast to
the proletariat or wage-earning class, is primarily concerned
with property values.
 Proletariat - (in Marxist theory) the class of workers, esp.
industrial wage earners, who do not possess capital or
property and must sell their labor to survive.
 Working conditions
◦ Resistance
◦ Reform

11. Socialism
 Karl Marx
◦ History propelled forward by class struggles.
◦ Capitalism is to blame for social problems.
 Industry is good
 Unequal distribution of wealth is bad
◦ The last struggle will be between the bourgeoisie and the
proletariat.
◦ The proletariat will seize the means of production and the
result will be a classless / stateless society.
 Everyone will be equal
 Utopian