The document discusses multi-perspective ontology engineering and outlines background, motivations, and contributions in the field. It presents a goal-aware ontology editor that uses an ontology of purposes to suggest ontologies for reuse based on matching purposes. The research aims to develop a vocabulary of ontology purposes by deriving one from a corpus and representing purposes formally in OWL.

1. Background and Motivation
Contributions
Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering
R. Denaux1 A. G. Cohn1 V. Dimitrova1 G. Hart2
1 School of Computing
University of Leeds
2 Ordnance Survey Research
Invited Talk at Department of Computer Science
Sheffield, 2010
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

2. Background and Motivation
Contributions
Outline
1 Background and Motivation
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Ontology Purposes
2 Contributions
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Formalisation
Current Work
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

3. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Outline
1 Background and Motivation
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Ontology Purposes
2 Contributions
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Formalisation
Current Work
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

4. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

5. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

6. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

7. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

8. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

9. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

10. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

11. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

12. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

13. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

14. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Context of Research
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

15. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
ROO: Rabbit to OWL Ontology Authoring.
Example of adapting to ontology contributors
Domain experts:
Good knowledge of the domain to be represented
Limited or no Ontology Engineering experience
Limited or no knowledge of OWL, Protégé, etc.
ROO provides tool support for domain experts:
Guidance through ontology construction methodology
Controlled Natural Language interface
No OWL specific terminology
Adaptation at design time, not at runtime
Re-use techniques from User Modelling and
Personalisation
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

16. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Outline
1 Background and Motivation
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Ontology Purposes
2 Contributions
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Formalisation
Current Work
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

17. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
Ontology Development 101
Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness
There is no one correct way to model a domain there
are always viable alternatives. The best solution
almost always depends on the application that you
have in mind and the extensions that you anticipate.
. . . deciding what we are going to use the ontology for
. . . will guide many of the modeling decisions down the
road.1
1
N. F. Noy and D. Mcguinness. Ontology development 101: A guide to
creating your first ontology, 2000
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

18. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
METHONTOLOGY
The goal of the specification phase is to produce
either an informal, semi-formal or formal ontology
specification document. METHONTOLOGY proposes
that at least the following information be included:
(a) The purpose of the ontology, including its
intended uses, scenarios of use, end-users, etc.
... 2
2
M. Fernandez-Lopez, A. Gomez-Perez, and N. Juristo. Methontology:
from ontological art towards ontological engineering. In Proceedings of the
AAAI97 Spring Symposium Series on Ontological Engineering, pages 33–40,
1997
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

19. Background and Motivation Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Contributions Ontology Purposes
DILIGENT
Local adaptation: once the core ontology is available,
users work with it and adapt it locally to their own
needs. Typically, they will have their own business
requirements and correspondingly change their local
ontologies. 3
3
Denny Vrandecic, H. Sofia Pinto, York Sure, and Christoph Tempich. The
diligent knowledge processes. Journal of Knowledge Management,
9(5):85–96, OCT 2005
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

20. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Outline
1 Background and Motivation
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Ontology Purposes
2 Contributions
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Formalisation
Current Work
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

21. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Purpose-driven Adaptive Ontology Reuse.
Derive model of Ontology Purposes
Use this model to capture new ontology purposes
Suggest ontology to reuse based on matching ontology
purpose
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

22. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Use case: Ontology Re-use
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

23. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Use case: Ontology Re-use
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

24. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Use case: Ontology Re-use
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

25. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Use case: Ontology Re-use
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

26. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Outline
1 Background and Motivation
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Ontology Purposes
2 Contributions
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Formalisation
Current Work
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

27. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Purpose Example
ontology: Ordnance Survey Hydrology Ontology v2
source: ontology annotation
free text: "Purpose: To describe in an unambiguous
manner the inland hydrology feature classes surveyed by
Ordnance Survey with the intention of improving the use of
the surveyed data by our customers and enabling
semi-automatic processing of these data."
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

28. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Representing Ontology Purposes.
Deriving Vocabulary from a corpus
4
4
Ronald Denaux, Anthony G. Cohn, Vania Dimitrova, and Glen Hart.
Towards modelling the intended purpose of ontologies: A case study in
geography. In Proceedings of the Terra Cognita Workshop, collocated with
the 8th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC-2009), volume 518.
CEUR-WS, 2009
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

29. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Purpose Categories
Domain Defining
Ontology Process Related
Data Process Related
Investigative
Collaboration Enhancing
External Application
Analogous
Example
Code Task Focus Restrictions
OS1 Describe Domain Domain is restricted
to feature classes
surveyed by
Ordnance Survey
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

30. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Purpose Categories
Domain Defining
Ontology Process Related
Data Process Related
Investigative
Collaboration Enhancing
External Application
Analogous
Example
Code Task Focus Restrictions
Pont5 Facilitate Ontology Process is the
Process alignment of
ontologies
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

31. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Purpose Categories
Domain Defining
Ontology Process Related
Data Process Related
Investigative
Collaboration Enhancing
External Application
Analogous
Example
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

32. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Outline
1 Background and Motivation
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Ontology Purposes
2 Contributions
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Formalisation
Current Work
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

33. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Representing Ontology Purposes in OWL
Goals
Enable ontology contributors to formalise their ontology
purpose
Allows users to express themselves in a manner that is
close to the way they would normally use (free text)
classify ontologies based on their purpose
Can be extended by ontology contributors
Starting point: usable but not intended to cover all possible
purposes
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

34. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Example Formalisation
OS Example
OS Hydrology Ontology aims to describe the OS
Hydrology Feature Classes.
OS Hydrology Ontology intends to enable the
Semi-automatic Processing of Ordnance Survey Data.
OS Hydrology Ontology intends to improve the Data Usage
of Ordnance Survey Customers.
Inferences we want
OS Hydrology Ontology is a Data Processing Ontology.
OS Hydrology Ontology is a Domain Specifying Ontology.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

35. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Abstract and Concrete levels
Abstract Concepts and Relations
Agent, Artifact, Creation Action, has (purpose) focus, Purpose
Focus, Purpose Task.
A Data Processing Ontology is anything that: is a kind of
Ontology; has purpose focus at least one Data Process.
Concrete Concepts and Relations
aims to describe, describes, aims to facilitate, aims to provide,
intends to enable, data process.
The relationship intends to improve is a special type of the
relationship has purpose focus.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

36. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Outline
1 Background and Motivation
Multi-perspective Ontology Engineering
Ontology Purposes
2 Contributions
Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Formalisation
Current Work
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

37. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Purpose Elicitation Dialogue
Elicit formal description of ontology purpose in order to
classify ontology.
Aid user to make transition from free text to formal
representation.
Use Ontology of Purpose Ontologies to guide dialogue
episode.
Dialogue at concrete level, reasoning at abstract level.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

38. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Basic Dialogue Structure
Elicit free text purpose description
NLP analysis to generate purpose hypotheses
Clarify and confirm hypotheses:
elicit instances linked to concrete concepts
succeeds when classification can be made
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

39. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Basic Dialogue Structure
Elicit free text purpose description
NLP analysis to generate purpose hypotheses
Clarify and confirm hypotheses:
elicit instances linked to concrete concepts
succeeds when classification can be made
Annotations
To describe in an unambiguous manner the inland hydrology
feature classes surveyed by Ordnance Survey with the intention
of improving the use of the surveyed data by our customers and
enabling semi-automatic processing of these data.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

40. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Basic Dialogue Structure
Elicit free text purpose description
NLP analysis to generate purpose hypotheses
Clarify and confirm hypotheses:
elicit instances linked to concrete concepts
succeeds when classification can be made
Hypothesis Domain Describing Ontology
OS Hydrology Ontology aims to describe X. X is a Knowledge
Domain.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

41. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Basic Dialogue Structure
Elicit free text purpose description
NLP analysis to generate purpose hypotheses
Clarify and confirm hypotheses:
elicit instances linked to concrete concepts
succeeds when classification can be made
Hypothesis Data Processing Ontology
OS Hydrology Ontology intends to enable X. X is a Data Usage.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

42. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Architecture
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

43. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
Plan
Implement Dialogue Plan generation for a few purpose
types
Evaluate Dialogue Plan generation without Rabbit
interpreter
Add Rabbit interpreter and evaluate with real users
Suggest ontology to reuse based on matching ontology
purpose
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

44. Goal-aware Ontology Editor
Background and Motivation Ontology Purpose Vocabulary
Contributions Formalisation
Current Work
The End
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering

45. Acknowledgements
Creative Commons Images from flckr.com
Surveyor image by Wessex Archeology
Water Ecologist by lindenbaum
Flood Rescuer by Tree & J Hensdill
Orienteerer by Tarnie
Dilbert visionary strip, copyright UFS, Inc.
Denaux, Cohn, Dimitrova and Hart Multi-Perspective Ontology Engineering