This document discusses recent advances in various fields of ophthalmology including cataract surgery, refractive surgery, retina, glaucoma, and others. It provides details on the history and progression of cataract surgery techniques from early couching and lens extraction to modern small-incision phacoemulsification. The document also reviews refractive error correction methods like LASIK and PRK as well as efforts by the Rotary Club of Manila to provide free eye care services and surgeries to those in need through their Bahay Mulat Mata project.

1. Advancement in
Ophthalmology
Hernando L. Cruz Jr. MD

2. Recent Advances in
Ophthalmology
 Cataract
 Refractive Surgery
 Ophthalmic Plastic, Reconstructive and Lacrimal Surgery
 Retina
 Glaucoma
 Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology
 Neuro-ophthalmology
 Cornea and External Disease
 Low vision
 Uveitis

3. Eye Diagram

4. Cataract
 Cloudiness of the lens
 50 years of age
 Symptoms: painless,
progressive BOV

5. Blurry vision - Cataracts

6. Glaucoma vision loss

7. Retinal vision loss

8. Optic nerve vision loss

9. Cataract
 Treatment : lens extraction – 1748
 Couching /ICCE – 1800 -1900
 ECCE without Intraocular lens -1900 to 1945
 ECCE with intraocular Lens -1949 – 1980
 Small Incision catract surgeries – 1985
 Phacoemulsification 1980
 Phacoemulsification with foldable Intraocular lens- 2000
 Phacoemulsification with multifocal intraocular lens -
2004
 Laser in cataract surgery …….. In the works

10. ECCE without IOL

11. Advancement in Cataract surgery
 Better and Intelligent Phaco Machines, efficient fluidics
 Smaller Incisions – sub 2 mm incisions
 Better biometric calculations
 Intraocular lens
 Monofocal IOL’s
 Multifocal IOL’s
 Toric IOL’s
 Combination of LASIK and Phaco with Multifocal IOL’s

12. Error of Refraction
 Myopia – nearsightedness
 Hyperopia – farsighthedness
 Astigmatism
 Presbyopia

13. Myopia

14. Myopia

15. Hyperopia

17. Astigmatism

18. Presbyopia
 Loss of accomodation ( ability to focus at near objects)
 Usually starts at age 40.

19. Treatment
 Lens – spectacles …..Transition Lenses
 Contact lenses….. monovision
 Refractive surgery
 LASIK Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis
 PRK photorefractive keratectomy

20. LASIK

21. PRK

22. Lasik vs PRK

23. FAQ’s
 What is the best time to have cataract surgerry?
 What is the success rate of cataract surgery?
 What is the complications of cataract surgery?
 Who are the candidate for LASIK and PRK?
 How about regression in LASIK and PRK?

24. Project Mulat Mata of RCMD
 Stepping Stone 2009 – free refraction and glasses to
down syndrome
 Oplan Beterano 2009
 GMA 7 kapuso Foundation and Transistions Sight saving
Month Project 2009
 Free Screening Rotary Club Canterbury 2010 to present
 Barangay Don Bosco 2009
 Piddig Ilocos Norte 2010
 Naujan Mindoro Oriental 2011
 Inauguration Bahay Mulat Mata October 2011
 Dolores Eastern Samar 2012

25. Stepping Stone 2008

26. Barangay Don Bosco 2009

27. Oplan Beterano 2009

28. Oplan Beterano 2009

29. Surgery at Fatima Medical Center

30. Piddig Ilocos Norte January 2010

31. RCMD – Transitions - FMC
- GMA Kapuso 20/20
project – August 2010

32. Naujuan Mindoro Oriental

33. Partnership with RCMD
 10 surgeries without PHIC every 4th Thursday of the
month
 Sponsor responsiblities
 15 k for the 10 surgeries payable to RCMD
 Transporatation to and fro bahay mulat mata on surgery day
and 1 follow-up day
 Food for the day 3 Nurses and 3 MD’s

34. Our next Goal……..
 Our own phaco machines
 Our own slit Lamps, biometry, keratometer, AR

35. Maraming salamat at
magandang gabi…….