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ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC ENERGY
SYSTEMS
Chapter 7
Anatomy and Physiology for Coaches
 Muscles Fibers need energy to sustain contraction
 2 main sources of stored energy
     ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
     PCr (Phosphocreatine)

   When stored energy runs low, the body must produce
    more ATP
       Carbohydrate (glycogen) stored in muscle and liver
         Anaerobic glycolosis
         By-product is lactic acid

       Carbohydrate in blood
           Aerobic system
ANAEROBIC SYSTEM
 Non – oxidative (with out oxygen)
 Brief but intense

 Byproduct is Lactic Acid

 Important at the onset of exercise

 Important for events of short duration

 Low efficiency 1 glucose = 3ATP
LACTIC ACID
 By product of Anaerobic metabolism
 Change the acid-base balance in the muscle cell

 Reducing energy production by the aerobic system

 Causing burning sensation in muscles, nausea
  physical and mental fatigue
 Training reduces production of Lactic acid and
  improved the body’s ability to remove it from the
  system.
ANAEROBIC POWER
 Maximal all out effort for several seconds
 ATP-PCr energy system
     Nervous system sends a message to muscle cell
     ATP is split to ADP to release energy
     PCr restores ADP to ATP, thus repeating the cycle.

   Anaerobic glycolysis
     Break-down of glycogen with out oxygen.
     3 ATP / 1 glucose
     Produces lactic aid
AEROBIC
 Uses oxygen to produce energy
 Abundant energy stores
     Carbohydrates  4 Kcal / gram
     Fat is abundant and rich energy source 9 Kcal / gram

   More efficient than anaerobic
       1 glucose = 36 ATP
   Occurs in Mitochondria of the cell.

   Glucose + O2 = CO2 + H2O + energy

* Protein is essential to build, maintain and repair
issue, but is not a preferred energy source.
AEROBIC CAPACITY
 The ability of the aerobic system to take in,
  transport and utilize oxygen.
 a product of the respiratory, cardiovascular and
  muscular systems.
 Measured in L/min

 Higher measures indicate excellence in non-weight
  bearing sports.
AEROBIC POWER
 Aerobic capacity in relation to body weight
 Measured in ml/kg/min

 One’s ability to use oxygen per unit of body weight

 Predictor of performance in weight bearing activities
ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD
 Lactate threshold
 Transition zone that involves increase dependence
  on the anaerobic system.
 Upper limit of body’s ability to clear lactic acid.

 Lactate threshold 1
       Easy training zone
       Uses primary slow oxidative muscle fibers
   Lactate threshold 2
     fatigue occurs rapidly
     Performance threshold

   Both thresholds can be increased with training.
SPORT SPECIFIC TRAINING
 It is important to understand the demands of your
  sport
 Train to specifically meet the demands of your
  sport.
 Understanding specific energy demands helps to
  focus training for success.
ENERGY TRAINING
   Anaerobic
       For sports needing max effort or force production
       Sprinters and heavy lifters
       Uses stored ATP, CPr and Non-oxidative breakdown
       Events lasting up to 2 mins.
       Subtle changes seen with training
   Aerobic
     Training effects are clear
     Increase in mitochondria, increase enzyme
      activity, greater oxygen uptake, increase in fibers to
      produce ATP.
     Improvements in Cardiovascular and Respiratory
      systems.
     Improved ability to burn fat.
OTHER TRAINING EFFECTS
   Blood volume / stroke volume
     Amount of blood pumped per beat
     Aerobic training can increase blood volume
     Increase blood returned to the heart and pumped to the
      working muscle
     Slower resting and exercise heart rates
   Cardiac Output
       Volume of blood pumped per minute
       Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
   Respiration
     Becomes more efficient with training
     Greater tidal volume less frequency is needed to meet
      the demands.
     Ventilation = tidal volume x frequency

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Week 7 anaerobic and aerobic energy systems

  • 1. ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC ENERGY SYSTEMS Chapter 7 Anatomy and Physiology for Coaches
  • 2.  Muscles Fibers need energy to sustain contraction  2 main sources of stored energy  ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)  PCr (Phosphocreatine)  When stored energy runs low, the body must produce more ATP  Carbohydrate (glycogen) stored in muscle and liver  Anaerobic glycolosis  By-product is lactic acid  Carbohydrate in blood  Aerobic system
  • 3. ANAEROBIC SYSTEM  Non – oxidative (with out oxygen)  Brief but intense  Byproduct is Lactic Acid  Important at the onset of exercise  Important for events of short duration  Low efficiency 1 glucose = 3ATP
  • 4. LACTIC ACID  By product of Anaerobic metabolism  Change the acid-base balance in the muscle cell  Reducing energy production by the aerobic system  Causing burning sensation in muscles, nausea physical and mental fatigue  Training reduces production of Lactic acid and improved the body’s ability to remove it from the system.
  • 5. ANAEROBIC POWER  Maximal all out effort for several seconds  ATP-PCr energy system  Nervous system sends a message to muscle cell  ATP is split to ADP to release energy  PCr restores ADP to ATP, thus repeating the cycle.  Anaerobic glycolysis  Break-down of glycogen with out oxygen.  3 ATP / 1 glucose  Produces lactic aid
  • 6. AEROBIC  Uses oxygen to produce energy  Abundant energy stores  Carbohydrates 4 Kcal / gram  Fat is abundant and rich energy source 9 Kcal / gram  More efficient than anaerobic  1 glucose = 36 ATP  Occurs in Mitochondria of the cell.  Glucose + O2 = CO2 + H2O + energy * Protein is essential to build, maintain and repair issue, but is not a preferred energy source.
  • 7. AEROBIC CAPACITY  The ability of the aerobic system to take in, transport and utilize oxygen.  a product of the respiratory, cardiovascular and muscular systems.  Measured in L/min  Higher measures indicate excellence in non-weight bearing sports.
  • 8. AEROBIC POWER  Aerobic capacity in relation to body weight  Measured in ml/kg/min  One’s ability to use oxygen per unit of body weight  Predictor of performance in weight bearing activities
  • 9. ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD  Lactate threshold  Transition zone that involves increase dependence on the anaerobic system.  Upper limit of body’s ability to clear lactic acid.  Lactate threshold 1  Easy training zone  Uses primary slow oxidative muscle fibers  Lactate threshold 2  fatigue occurs rapidly  Performance threshold  Both thresholds can be increased with training.
  • 10. SPORT SPECIFIC TRAINING  It is important to understand the demands of your sport  Train to specifically meet the demands of your sport.  Understanding specific energy demands helps to focus training for success.
  • 11. ENERGY TRAINING  Anaerobic  For sports needing max effort or force production  Sprinters and heavy lifters  Uses stored ATP, CPr and Non-oxidative breakdown  Events lasting up to 2 mins.  Subtle changes seen with training  Aerobic  Training effects are clear  Increase in mitochondria, increase enzyme activity, greater oxygen uptake, increase in fibers to produce ATP.  Improvements in Cardiovascular and Respiratory systems.  Improved ability to burn fat.
  • 12. OTHER TRAINING EFFECTS  Blood volume / stroke volume  Amount of blood pumped per beat  Aerobic training can increase blood volume  Increase blood returned to the heart and pumped to the working muscle  Slower resting and exercise heart rates  Cardiac Output  Volume of blood pumped per minute  Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume  Respiration  Becomes more efficient with training  Greater tidal volume less frequency is needed to meet the demands.  Ventilation = tidal volume x frequency