jet engine

1. JET ENGINE
1.An engine that develops thrust by ejecting a
jet, especially a jet of gaseous combustion
products.
2.An engine, generally a gas turbine , that
develops thrust from a jet of hot gases produced
by burning fuel in a combustion chamber.

2. BASIC TYPES OF JET ENGINE
• TURBO JET ENGINE
• RAM JET ENGINE
• PULSE JET ENGINE

3. A.TURBO JET ENGINE
Developers
1. Hans von ohain in Germany.
2.frank whittle in UK.
General character tics
1.General purpose air breathing jet engine.

4. CONSISTS FOLLOWING PARTS
• 1. Air inlet
• 2. Air compressor
• 3. Combustion chamber
• 4. Gas turbine
• 5. Nozzle

5. Schematic diagram

6. WORKING
• Air taken in from an opening in the front of the engine is compressed to 3 to 12 times
its original pressure in compressor.
• Fuel is added to the air and burned in a combustion chamber to raise the temperature
of the fluid mixture to about 1,100°F to 1,300° F.
• The resulting hot air is passed through a turbine(PELTON), which drives the
compressor.
• If the turbine(INCONELOR NOMONIC) and compressor are efficient, the pressure at the
turbine discharge will be nearly twice the atmospheric pressure, and this excess
pressure is sent to the nozzle to produce a high-velocity stream of gas which produces a
thrust.
• Substantial increases in thrust can be obtained by employing an afterburner. It is a
second combustion chamber positioned after the turbine and before the nozzle.
• The afterburner increases the temperature of the gas ahead of the nozzle.
• The result of this increase in temperature is an increase of about 40 percent in thrust
at takeoff and a much larger percentage at high speeds once the plane is in the air.

7. BURNING PROCESS DIFFER FROM
THAT IN A PISTON ENGINE
• In piston engines the burning gas are confined to
small volume and as the fuel burns the pressure
increase dramatically.
• In turbo jet engine the air and fuel mixture passes
unconfined through the combustion chamber. As
the mixture burn its temperature increase
dramatically but pressure decrease few
percentage.
• Less than 25% air is involved in combustion, the
rest act as a reservoir to absorb the heating effect
of burning fuel.

8. THRUST AGUMENTATION
• Thrust can be increase by injecting additional
fluid, It is then called WET THRUST.
USES
• AIR CRAFT
• SPACE ROCKET
• CHOOPER

9. NET THRUST
• FN-(M air + Mf) Vj- M air V
Where,
M air- Rate of flow of air through nozzle.
Mf- Rate of flow of fuel entering the engine.
Vj-Speed of the jet(the exhaust plume) and
assumed to be less than sonic velocity.
V-True air speed of the air craft.
(M air + Mf) Vj)-Nozzle gross thrust.
M air VRam drags of the intake.

10. B.RAM JET
Developer
French inventor RENE LORIN In 1913.
A ram jet is an athodyd which is an acronym
of aero thermodynamics duct, is the form of
air breathing jet engine.

11. CONSISTS FOLLOWING PARTS
• 1. Air inlet
• 3. Combustion chamber
• 5. Nozzle

12. Schematic diagram

13. WORKING
• It intake air from atmosphere through frontal area which
is design to intake and compress the air. when the
compress air is reach to combustion chamber it burn at
high pressure consistently exhaust the high pressurized air
blow through nozzle. Ram jet cannot produce thrust at
zero air speed, thus they cannot move the aircraft from a
stand still.
• Ram jet therefore required assisted takeoff like JATO to
accelerate it to the speed when it begin to produce thrust.
• Ramjet work most efficiently at supersonic speed around
MACH 3.
• We can use this type of engine up to MACH 6.

14. USES
• Missiles using ramjets
• Bo marc
• BrahMos
• MBDA Meteor
• Bristol Bloodhound
• North American SM-64 Navaho
• Akash missile
• Sea Dart missile
• 2K11 Krug
• Artillery shell

15. NOTE
• Ram jet is frequently confused with pulse jet
which uses intermittent combustion.
• But in ram jet employs continue combustion
process.

16. C.PULSE JET ENGINE
Invented by Russian inventor and artillery
officer N. Teleshov in 1864.
GENERAL CHARACTERTICS
This is the form of air breathing jet engine

17. CONSISTS FOLLOWING PARTS
• 1. Air inlet
• 2. Valve or valve less
• 3. Combustion chamber
• 4. Nozzle

18. Schematic diagram
VALVED PULSE JET ENGINE MECHANISM

20. WORKING
• PULSE JET uses Lenoir cycle.
• Lacking an external compressive drive such as Otto
cycle piston and bray ton cycle compression turbine.
• It intake air from atmosphere through frontal area
which is design to intake and compress the air.
when the compress air is reach to combustion
chamber through valve or directly and it burn at
high pressure consistently exhaust the high
pressurized air blow through nozzle.

21. FUTURE USES
• Pulsejets are used today in target drone aircraft,
flying control line model air craft (as well as radio-
controlled aircraft), fog generators, and industrial
drying and home heating equipment. Because
pulsejets are an efficient and simple way to convert
fuel into heat, experimenters are using them for new
industrial applications such as biomass fuel conversion,
boiler and heater systems, and other applications.
• Some experimenters continue to work on improved
designs. The engines are difficult to integrate into
commercial manned aircraft designs because of noise
and vibration, though they excel on the smaller-scale
unmanned vehicles.