1. 4S Communica(ons Believes
In
Engineering
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
2. Mobile
&
Wireless
Introduc2on
• Evolution of Mobile Devices
• Wireless Evolution & Overview
• Telecommunication Standards
• Job Opportunities in Mobile Communications
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
3. Evolu2on
of
Mobile
Devices
Voice Only Voice+Basic Data Voice+Full Data
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
4. Use
of
Mobile
Devices
• What is use of mobile device?
• Making and Receiving Calls
• Sending and Receiving Text Messages
• Browsing Data
• Watching YouTube :)
• etc...
• How do you make calls and browse data?
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
5. Dissec2on
of
Mobile
Devices
• Question is how mobile/UE handles to make or receive call?
• To understand this lets get into the architecture of mobile
device: Ant1 Ant2
AP/ Chipset/
Display Baseband
Skeleton
View
of
UE
• Typically any UE contains a user interface (Lamen terms
display or AP) to dial or browse. After dialing a number, UE
talks to chipset and then transmits over the air via antennas
to network and vice-versa.
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
6. Defini2ons
• Now lets understand the terms described in dissection slide:
• Baseband/Chipset: Application Layer
• Typically any mobile device/UE needs a baseband/chipset
to exchange protocols with network. Layer 3
(Network) O
S
• Chipset contains a protocol stack which talks to Application I
layer (AP/Display) Layer 2
(Data Link Layer)
M
O
• Antenna: D
E
Layer 1 L
• Typically used for transmit and receive (Physical)
• Transmit: UE to Network (also called Tx or uplink) Antenna
• Receive: Network to UE (also called Rx or downlink)
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
7. Background
of
Communica2ons
• Define Communications?
• Communication requires a sender, a message, and a recipient, although the receiver need not be present
or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can
occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties
share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver
has understood the message of the sender.
• Define Telecommunications?
• Tele: Distance
• Communications 2
itt er Transmission Medium Re
sm 1 3 ce
an ive
Tr r
Sender Recipient
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
8. Wireless
Evolu2on
and
Overview
3GPP
Body
GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSPA HSPA+
Voice DL:171Kbps DL:384Kbps Voice DL:
14Mbps DL:
42Mbps
DL:2Mbps
LTE
LTE VoLTE
Advanced
PD DL:
100Mbps DL:
1Gbps
e HR
UL:
50Mbps UL:500Mbps
3GPP2
Body
EVDO EVDO EVDO
IS-‐95 IS-‐2000 Do
Advanced
Rev0 RevA RevB
Voice DL:153Kbps DL:2.4Mbps DL:3.1Mbps DL:9.3Mbps DL:14.7bps
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
9. Radio
Spectrum
Abbreviati ITU Frequency &
Band name Example uses
on band wavelength in air
< 3 Hz
Tremendously low frequency TLF Natural and man-made electromagnetic noise
> 100,000 km
3–30 Hz
Extremely low frequency ELF Communication with submarines
100,000 km – 10,000 km
30–300 Hz
Super low frequency SLF Communication with submarines
10,000 km – 1000 km
300–3000 Hz
Ultra low frequency ULF Submarine communication, Communication within mines
1000 km – 100 km
3–30 kHz
Very low frequency VLF 4 Navigation, time signals, submarine communication, wireless heart rate monitors, geophysics
100 km – 10 km
30–300 kHz
Low frequency LF 5 Navigation, time signals, AM longwave broadcasting (Europe and parts of Asia), RFID, amateur radio
10 km – 1 km
300–3000 kHz
Medium frequency MF 6 AM (medium-wave) broadcasts, amateur radio, avalanche beacons
1 km – 100 m
Shortwave broadcasts, citizens' band radio, amateur radio and over-the-horizon aviation communications, RFID, Over-the-
3–30 MHz
High frequency HF 7 horizon radar, Automatic link establishment (ALE) / Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) radio communications, Marine
100 m – 10 m
and mobile radio telephony
30–300 MHz FM, television broadcasts and line-of-sight ground-to-aircraft and aircraft-to-aircraft communications. Land Mobile and
Very high frequency VHF 8
10 m – 1 m Maritime Mobile communications, amateur radio, weather radio
300–3000 MHz Television broadcasts, microwave ovens, microwave devices/communications, radio astronomy, mobile phones, wireless
Ultra high frequency UHF 9
1 m – 100 mm LAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS and two-way radios such as Land Mobile, FRS and GMRS radios, amateur radio
3–30 GHz Radio astronomy, microwave devices/communications, wireless LAN, most modern radars, communications satellites,
Super high frequency SHF 10
100 mm – 10 mm satellite television broadcasting, DBS, amateur radio
30–300 GHz Radio astronomy, high-frequency microwave radio relay, microwave remote sensing, amateur radio, directed-energy
Extremely high frequency EHF 11
10 mm – 1 mm weapon, millimeter wave scanner
Terahertz imaging – a potential replacement for X-rays in some medical applications, ultrafast molecular dynamics,
Terahertz or Tremendously high 300–3,000 GHz
THz or THF 12 condensed-matter physics, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, terahertz computing/communications, sub-mm remote
frequency 1 mm – 100 μm
sensing, amateur radio
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
10. Frequencies
and
Bands
Used
in
North
America:
Current / Planned Technologies Band Frequency (MHz)
3G, 4G, MediaFlo, DVB-H 700 698–806
GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), 3G 850 824–849 and 869–894
GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), 3G, 4G PCS 1,850–1,910 and 1,930–1,990
3G, 4G AWS 1,710–1,755 and 2,110–2,155
North
American
Carrier
frequencies:
USA Carrier Voice Frequencies (MHz) 3G 4G 3G Technology 4G Technology
AT&T 1900 Band 2, 850 Band 5 1900, 850 MHz 700 Band 17, 1700/2100 MHz GSM/HSPA+ LTE
MetroPCS 1900, 1700/2100 1900, 1700/2100 MHz 1700/2100 MHz CDMA LTE
1900 G-Block, 2,500/2,600 MHz), 800 WiMAX (2010–2014)
Sprint 1900, 800 1900 MHz CDMA
MHz) LTE (since 2012)
T-Mobile USA 1900, 1700/2100 1900, 1700/2100 MHz 1700/2100 MHz GSM/HSPA+ LTE (from 2013)
Verizon 1900, 800 1900, 800 MHz 700, 1700/2100 MHz CDMA LTE
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
11. Telecommunica2ons
Standards
• ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
• IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunication)
• 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)
• Ex: GSM, WCDMA, LTE
• 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project2)
• Ex: CDMA, EVDO
4S Communications Privileged and Confidential www.4scommunications.com
