1. The document discusses the gap between scientific understanding of climate change and public/policymaker knowledge, and notes that positive climate feedbacks now predominate, risking tipping points that could lead to a dramatically different planet. 2. Paleoclimate proxy records show historical temperature and ice volume fluctuations over millions of years, and ice core data indicates rising CO2, methane, and temperatures since 1880. Climate models project continued warming this century unless additional emissions reductions occur. 3. Several "danger zones" are identified, including ice sheet disintegration raising sea levels, mass species extinctions, and severe regional climate disruptions, underscoring the need for urgent emissions reductions to remain within safer warming limits.

6. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Time (Ma) 5 Global deep-sea foraminifera 18 O isotope records from 40 sites. Temperatures apply to ice-free state, i.e., before Antarctic glaciation (~35 Mybp). Dashed blue bars are times of ephemeral ice or ice sheets smaller than at present. Solid bar indicates ice sheets of modern or greater size.

7. Proxy record of Plio-Pleistocene (3.5 million years) temperature and ice volume. Based on oxygen isotope preserved in shells of benthic (deep ocean dwelling) foraminifera.

9. CO 2 , CH 4 and temperature records from Antarctic ice core data Source: Vimeux, F., K.M. Cuffey, and Jouzel, J., 2002, "New insights into Southern Hemisphere temperature changes from Vostok ice cores using deuterium excess correction", Earth and Planetary Science Letters , 203 , 829-843.

13. Proxy record of Plio-Pleistocene (3.5 million years) temperature and ice volume. Based on oxygen isotope preserved in shells of benthic (deep ocean dwelling) foraminifera.

14. CO 2 ,CH 4 and estimated global temperature (Antarctic Δ T/2 in ice core era) 0 = 1880-1899 mean. Source: Hansen, Clim. Change , 68 , 269, 2005.

19. SST in Pacific Warm Pool (ODP site 806B, 0°N, 160°E) in past millennium. Time scale expanded in recent periods. Data after 1880 is 5-year mean. Source: Medina-Elizalde and Lea, ScienceExpress, 13 October 2005;data for 1880-1981 based on Rayner et al., JGR , 108 , 2003, after 1981 on Reynolds and Smith, J. Climate , 7 , 1994. kyr Before Present Date

21. Surface Melt on Greenland Melt descending into a moulin, a vertical shaft carrying water to ice sheet base. Source: Roger Braithwaite, University of Manchester (UK)

22. Jakobshavn Ice Stream in Greenland Discharge from major Greenland ice streams is accelerating markedly. Source: Prof. Konrad Steffen, Univ. of Colorado

23. Greenland Mass Loss – From Gravity Satellite

24. Areas Under Water: Four Regions

26. Mt. Graham Red Squirrel

27. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) Sources: Claire Parkinson and Robert Taylor

32. Responsibility for CO 2 Emissions and Climate Change