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Water –  Chapter  3
Properties of Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Polarity of Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 3.1
HYDROGEN  BONDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Depend on Cohesion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hydrogen bonds hold the substance together, a phenomenon called cohesion
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 3.3
Moderates Temperatures on Earth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],  Water stabilizes air temperatures by absorbing heat from warmer air and releasing heat to cooler air. Water can absorb or release relatively large amounts of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature. Celsius Scale at Sea Level 100 o C Water boils 37 o C Human body temperature 23 o C Room temperature 0 o C Water freezes
Specific Heat  is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for  one gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 o C . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evaporative Cooling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Density of Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 3.5
Solvent for Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Most biochemical reactions involve solutes dissolved in water. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Concentration of a Solution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Molarity ,[object Object],[object Object],Calculate a one molar solution of  sucrose, C 12 H 22 O 16 . C = 12 daltons H = 1 dalton O = 16 daltons 12 x12 = 144 1 x 22 =  22 16 x 11 =  176   342 For a 2M solution? For a .05 M solution? For a .2 M solution?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dissociation of Water Molecules Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Unnumbered Fig. 3.47
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acids and Bases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
pH Scale ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problem How much greater is the [ H +  ] in a solution with pH 2 than in a solution with pH 6? Answer: pH of 2 =   [ H +  ] of 1.0 x 10 -2  = 1/100 M pH of 6 = [ H +  ] of 1.0 x 10 -6  = 1/1,000,000 M 10,000 times greater
Buffers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acid Precipitation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Properties of water

  • 1. Water – Chapter 3
  • 2.
  • 3.
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  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
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  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
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  • 20.
  • 21. Problem How much greater is the [ H + ] in a solution with pH 2 than in a solution with pH 6? Answer: pH of 2 = [ H + ] of 1.0 x 10 -2 = 1/100 M pH of 6 = [ H + ] of 1.0 x 10 -6 = 1/1,000,000 M 10,000 times greater
  • 22.
  • 23.

Notas do Editor

  1. 2 corners are orbitals with unshared electrons and a weak negative charge 2 are occupied by hydrogen atoms that have polar covalent bonds
  2. Only a hydrogen ion is actually transferred The transferred proton binds to an unshared orbital of the second water molecule. The water molecule that loses the proton
  3. There is only 1 molecule out of 554,000,000 water molecules that is dissociated.