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GEOCOMPUTATION
Engr. Ranel O. Padon

PyCon PH 2014 | ranel.padon@gmail.com

http://www.gctours.net/product_images/uploaded_images/grand-canyon-hd720.jpg
ABOUT ME
 Full-Time Drupal Developer (CNN Travel)
 Lecturer, UP DGE (Java/Python OOP Undergrad Courses)
 Lecturer, UP NEC (Web GIS Training Course)
 BS Geodetic Engineering in UP
 MS Computer Science in UP (25/30 units)
 Involved in Java, Python, and Drupal projects.
ABOUT MY TOPIC
The role of Python in implementing a rapid and
mass valuation of lots along the Pasig River
tributaries.
This is the story of what we have done.
TOPIC FLOW

I

• PRTSAS BACKGROUND

II

• VALUATION COMPONENT

III

• AHP MODELING

IV

• RECOMMENDATIONS
OF FLOOD AND MEN

http://www.reynaelena.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/ondoy-aftermath-by-wenzzo-pancho.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sdUQ_XBc5o8/TnfOuNASgjI/AAAAAAAAAug/u-OQ1Cv5oEg/s1600/Ondoymissionhospital.jpg
http://filsg.com/download/ondoy16.jpg
GIL SCOTT-HERON

Man is a complex being:
he makes deserts bloom - and lakes die.

http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2011/05/28/article-0-0C4E40E200000578-673_468x301.jpg
http://d2tq98mqfjyz2l.cloudfront.net/image_cache/1254443971159430.jpeg
PASIG RIVER | BEFORE

http://ourss14blog.blogspot.com/2011/10/article-xii-national-economy-and.html
PASIG RIVER | AFTER

http://ourss14blog.blogspot.com/2011/10/article-xii-national-economy-and.html
BACKGROUND | PRTSAS
PRTSAS = Pasig River Tributaries Survey and Assessment Study
PRTSAS = PRRC + UP TCAGP
Aims to gather baseline information on the physical
characteristics of major and minor tributaries of the Pasig River.

The gathered information will be used to properly manage the
river and correctly steer its rehabilitation.
BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | PRRC

“To transform
Pasig River
and its environs
into a showcase
of a new quality
of urban life.”

http://www.prrc.gov.ph/
BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | PRRC
Restore the Pasig River to its
historically pristine condition by
applying bio-eco engineering and
attain a sustainable socio-economic
development.

Relocation of formal and informal
settlers.
Regulate the 3-m easement.
BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | UP TCAGP

http://dge.upd.edu.ph/dge/about/about-tcagp/
BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | UP TCAGP
Research and extension arm of UP DGE.
Large-Scale Projects:
 DREAM (DOST NOAH)
 PRTSAS
 PRS 92 R&D and Implementation Support
BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | COMP.
PRTSAS has 5 major components:
 Parcel/As-Built Survey
 Hydrographic Component
 Water Quality/Environmental Impact
 Easement and Adjoining Lots Valuation
 Web GIS
BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | COVERAGE
BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | COVERAGE
VALUATION | DUTIES
 To perform individual valuation work of the PRRC proposed
relocation sites.

 To perform a rapid appraisal of the 3-meter easements and
adjoining lots for all tributary locations.
 To develop and perform an automated GIS-assisted valuation
of the lots adjoining all tributaries.
VALUATION | THE TEAM
VALUATION | OVERVIEW
Develop a GIS-assisted valuation model and
perform automated valuation of lots
adjoining the tributaries.
VALUATION | EASEMENT CONDITION
Fully-Developed

Partially-Developed

Undeveloped/
Depreciated
VALUATION | MARKET VALUE

 determined by the highest price a property can command
if put up for sale in an open market
 determinations are made from market evidence or
transactions and found on published market listings or
information from market participants.
VALUATION | MARKET VALUE
 The ultimate question is: how do you value a land?
 And how do you value lands with huge coverage rapidly?

http://blog.melvinpereira.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/man-thinking.jpg
http://e.peruthisweek.e3.pe//ima/0/0/0/1/5/15908/624x468.png
GENERAL PROCESS FLOW

AHP Model
Formulation

Geospatial
Data Buildup

Market Value
Geoprocessing

ArcPy

http://ithelp.port.ac.uk/images/SPSS-logo-32F23C8B51-seeklogo.png
http://www.lic.wisc.edu/training/Images/arcgis.gif
http://www.logilab.org/

Market Value
Map
AHP

Analytic Hierarchy Process is a decision-making method
based on mathematics and psychology developed by Prof.
Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s.
The input can be obtained from actual measurements such
as price, weight, etc. and from subjective opinion such as
satisfaction feelings and preferences.

http://www.nae.edu/File.aspx?id=41107
AHP

 used in scientific and business contexts
 useful in situation with scarce, but high-quality or highimportance data
 80/20 Principle: essential information (80%) could be
expressed by just a small but important set of data (20%)

 unlike the case of face recognition problem which
requires voluminous data to be stable
http://www.nae.edu/File.aspx?id=41107
AHP | CHOOSING A LEADER

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_Hierarchy_Process
AHP | CHOOSING A LEADER
BRAIN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_Hierarchy_Process
AHP | CHOOSING A PARTNER

1. Parameters

II. Weights of Parameters
AHP | MURPHY’S LAW OF LOVE
BRAIN

B· B· A = k

BEAUTY

AVAILABILITY
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
Intelligence
Values
Humor
Beauty
Wealth
Religion

Choosing a partner

Health
Interests
Sports
Zodiac Sign
and so on
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
Use statistical software to evaluate if some factors
could be eliminated, values to watch out:
1.) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Coefficient –
tests whether the partial correlations among variables are small
2.) Barlett’s Test for Sphericity (BTS) –
tests whether the correlation matrix is an identity matrix

Choosing a partner
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
Why Dimensionality Reduction?
 To simplify data structures
 Conserve computing and/or storage resources
Examples: Face Recognition, MP3 and JPEG file formats,
Douglas-Peucker Algorithm
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
Dimensionality Reduction | EigenFaces
 Principal vectors used in the problem of human face recognition

http://cognitrn.psych.indiana.edu/nsfgrant/FaceMachine/faceMachine.html
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
Dimensionality Reduction/Factor Analysis
 Is the strength of the relationships
among variables large enough?
 Is it a good idea to proceed a factor analysis for the data?

Choosing a partner
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
Possible major components after Factor Extraction
1. Humor
2. Beauty
3. Intelligence
Choosing a partner
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
Sample Preference Matrix (3 Parameters)
Criteria

More
Important

Intensity

A

5

A
Humor

B
Beauty

Humor

Intelligence

A

7

Beauty

Intelligence

A

3

Choosing a partner
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS

Choosing a partner
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS

As you might observed, we need to reduce the
number of parameters so that the respondents/evaluators
will just have to evaluate the smallest preference matrix possible.

Choosing a partner
AHP | FINAL PARAMETERS’ WEIGTHS
Apply the AHP algorithm to compute the relative weights,
possible result:
0.60 Humor
0.25 Beauty

0.15 Intelligence
Choosing a partner
AHP | FINAL PARAMETERS’ WEIGTHS

Optimum Partner (among alternatives/suitors)

= 0.60 Humor + 0.25 Beauty + 0.15 Intelligence

Choosing a partner
AHP | VALUING A LAND
1. Parameters
II. Weights of Parameters
III. Weights of Sub-Categories

http://i.domainstatic.com.au/b432bfa9-1e06-4d69-812e-ea14e22d0112/domain/20108120961pio04192711
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
Lot Shape
Topography
Easement Condition
Neighborhood Classification
Accessibility to Main Roads
Corner Influence
Land-Use Type

Proximity to Commercial Area
Proximity to Churches
Proximity to Markets
Proximity to School
Proximity to LGUs
Existing Improvements
Public Utilities
and so on

Obtaining the optimal land value
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
We used SPSS for computing the KMO and BTS
Coefficients.
1.) KMO > 0.5
2.) BTS < 0.001
SPSS also provides validation values that could be used
when we decide to automate the process in pure Python later.

Choosing a partner
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
 Factor Analysis (18 raw & unordered variables)
AHP | I. PARAMETERS
 Extracted Factors
Land-Use
Accessibility
Lot Size
Lot Shape
Neighborhood
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
Sample Preference Matrix (4 Parameters)
Criteria

More
Important

Intensity

A

3

A
Cost

B
Safety

Cost
Cost
Safety
Safety

Style
Capacity
Style
Capacity

A
A
A
A

7
3
9
1

Style

Capacity

B

7

Choosing a car: 4 Params, 6 Comparisons
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
Actual Data

Obtaining the Optimal Value : 5 Params, 10 Comparisons
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
The CSV File
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
AHP Algorithms (Ishizaka & Lusti, 2006)
1. The Eigenvalue Approach (Power Method)
2. The Geometric Mean
3. The Mean of Normalized Values
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
3. The Mean of Normalized Values
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
Effective AHP parameters
Parameter

Weight

Land Use

0.372

Location/Accessibility

0.276

Lot Size

0.125

Lot Shape

0.111

Neighborhood Classification

0.116
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
Some issues for the computation of our
AHP parameters:

1.) Assumes all respondents have
consistent preference matrices
2.) Uses the arithmetic mean for computing the
effective parameter weights across
all the respondents.
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
consistency means that if A>B and B>C then A>C,
where A, B, and C, refer to the criteria/parameters
of the land value.
It also means that if A > 2*B and B > 3*C then A > 6*C,

as the number of criteria increases, it's more difficult
to be consistent
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
We have implemented the proposed Saaty's
Consistency Measure of the preference matrix of the
respondents but we have found it to be too limiting.
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
Pelaez and Lamata (2002) proposed a new way of
computing the Consistency Index and that is by using
the concept of determinants.
We implemented their paper using Python and
NumPy and we obtained a better filtering for the
consistent survey answers.
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
However, [Aragon, et al (2012)], shown that it is
better to use the geometric mean than the
arithmetic mean of the AHP parameters' weights.
We re-implemented the effective parameters' weights
using the geometric mean of all weights across all
respondents.
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
There are two approaches [Aragon, et al (2012)]
for solving the effective parameters:
(1) EIW: Effective Individual Weights
computes the individual parameters' weights and
get their geometric mean
(2) WEPM: Weights of the Effective Preference Matrix
get the geometric mean of all the preference matrices
and compute the parameters' weights.
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
We implemented both approaches in combination
with the 3 AHP algorithms for comparison and validation.
AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
Finally, we will use the following result
(using the Weights of the Effective Preference Matrix
of the Mean of Normalized Values AHP Algorithm)
AHP | III. SUBCATEGORY WEIGHTS
AHP allows hierarchies/subcategories

Phase III for gathering the sub-categorical weights or
adjustment factors
AHP | III. SUBCATEGORY WEIGHTS
AHP | III. SUBCATEGORY WEIGHTS
Geometric Mean of all survey data
AHP | FINAL PARAMS AND WEIGHTS
(Context is Per Estero)
Computed Unit Market Value =
Average Market Value * (
Land-Use * (Commercial|Industrial|Residential…)
+ Accessibility *(Proximity to POIs and Access to Roads)
+ Lot Area * (Preferred|Not-Preferred)
+ Lot Shape * (Quadrilateral|NonQuadrilateral)
+ Neighborhood Classification * (Formal|Informal)
)
AHP | FINAL PARAMS AND WEIGHTS
(Context is Per Estero)
Computed Unit Market Value =
Average Market Value * (
0.4287 * (1.5148l|1.1308|1.1288|1.0080|1.0000)
+ 0.2809 *(0..1)
+ 0.1119 * (1.5599|0.3338)
+ 0.0988 * (1.3831|0.5997)
+ 0.0797 * (1.4082|0.5696)
)
AHP | GIS

http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/Key_aspects_of_GIS/00v20000000r000000/
AHP | ArcPy

http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/Working_with_geometry_in_Python/002z0000001s000000/
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy

http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/Working_with_geometry_in_Python/002z0000001s000000/
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | ArcPy
AHP | VALIDATION
AHP | WELCH’S TEST
AHP | MARKET VALUE MAP
AHP | MARKET VALUE MAP
AHP | MARKET VALUE MAP
RECOMMENDATIONS
Pure Python Pipeline:
SPSS <= RPy2 or Pandas (Python Data Analysis Library)

ArcGIS (ArcPy) <= QGIS (PyQGIS)
GENERAL PROCESS FLOW

AHP Model
Formulation

Geospatial
Data Buildup

Market Value
Geoprocessing

ArcPy

http://ithelp.port.ac.uk/images/SPSS-logo-32F23C8B51-seeklogo.png
http://www.lic.wisc.edu/training/Images/arcgis.gif
http://www.logilab.org/

Market Value
Map
RECOMMENDATIONS

AHP Model
Formulation

Geospatial
Data Buildup

Market Value
Geoprocessing

PyQGIS

http://pandas.pydata.org/
http://rpy.sourceforge.net/rpy2/doc-dev/html/index.html
http://trac.osgeo.org/qgis/chrome/site/qgis-icon.png

Market Value
Map
RECOMMENDATIONS | BOOKS

http://locatepress.com/
RECOMMENDATIONS | MASHUP
This comprehensive article demonstrates the tight integration
of Python’s data analysis and geospatial libraries:










IPython
Pandas
Numpy
Matplotlib
Basemap
Shapely
Fiona
Descartes
PySAL
MICHAEL STANIER

There are two types of expertise.

One is the type you already know – content expertise,
immersing yourself deeper and deeper in a subject,
practicing for 10,000 hours and all of that.
But I think there’s a connection expertise too.
That comes from going horizontal rather than vertical.
It’s about knowing a little about a lot,
and finding wisdom in how things connect in new and different ways.
http://www.speakers.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Michael-Bungay-Stanier_Feb2-760x427.jpg
END NOTE

Python could be a valuable tool for expanding your knowledge
vertically, as well as horizontally. And, it’s a must have tool for
connectionist experts.
http://fc01.deviantart.net/fs25/i/2009/022/1/a/inject_knowledge_question_mark_by_CHIN2OFF.jpg
REFERENCES
Aragon,T., et al (2012). Deriving Criteria Weights for Health Decision Making: A Brief
Tutorial, http://www.academia.edu.
Forman, E. & Selly, M. (2001). Decision By Objectives: How to Convince Others That
You Are Right. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. Singapore.
Griffiths, D. (2009). Head First Statistics. O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway
North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. USA.
Ishizaka, A. & Lusti, M. (2006). How to Derive Priorities in AHP: A Comparative Study.
Central European Journal of Operations Research,Vol. 14-4, pp. 387-400.
Lamata, M. & Pelaez, J. (2002). A Method for Improving the Consistency of Judgements.
International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness, and Knowledge-Based
Systems. Vol. 10, No.6, pp. 677-686. World Scientific Publishing Company.
Pelaez, J. & Lamata, M. (2002). A New Measure of Consistency for Positive Reciprocal
Matrices. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 46 (8), pp. 1839-1849.
Pornasdoro, K. & Redo, R. S. (2011). GIS-Assisted Valuation Using Analytic Hierarchy Process
and Goal Programming: Case Study of the UP Diliman Informal Settlement Areas
(Undergraduate Thesis).
Uysal, M. P. (2010). Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach to Decisions on Instructional
Software. 4th International Computer & Instructional Technologies Symposium,
Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey, pp. 1035-1040.
Thank You!

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PyCon PH 2014 - GeoComputation

  • 1. GEOCOMPUTATION Engr. Ranel O. Padon PyCon PH 2014 | ranel.padon@gmail.com http://www.gctours.net/product_images/uploaded_images/grand-canyon-hd720.jpg
  • 2. ABOUT ME  Full-Time Drupal Developer (CNN Travel)  Lecturer, UP DGE (Java/Python OOP Undergrad Courses)  Lecturer, UP NEC (Web GIS Training Course)  BS Geodetic Engineering in UP  MS Computer Science in UP (25/30 units)  Involved in Java, Python, and Drupal projects.
  • 3. ABOUT MY TOPIC The role of Python in implementing a rapid and mass valuation of lots along the Pasig River tributaries. This is the story of what we have done.
  • 4. TOPIC FLOW I • PRTSAS BACKGROUND II • VALUATION COMPONENT III • AHP MODELING IV • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 5. OF FLOOD AND MEN http://www.reynaelena.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/ondoy-aftermath-by-wenzzo-pancho.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sdUQ_XBc5o8/TnfOuNASgjI/AAAAAAAAAug/u-OQ1Cv5oEg/s1600/Ondoymissionhospital.jpg http://filsg.com/download/ondoy16.jpg
  • 6. GIL SCOTT-HERON Man is a complex being: he makes deserts bloom - and lakes die. http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2011/05/28/article-0-0C4E40E200000578-673_468x301.jpg http://d2tq98mqfjyz2l.cloudfront.net/image_cache/1254443971159430.jpeg
  • 7. PASIG RIVER | BEFORE http://ourss14blog.blogspot.com/2011/10/article-xii-national-economy-and.html
  • 8. PASIG RIVER | AFTER http://ourss14blog.blogspot.com/2011/10/article-xii-national-economy-and.html
  • 9. BACKGROUND | PRTSAS PRTSAS = Pasig River Tributaries Survey and Assessment Study PRTSAS = PRRC + UP TCAGP Aims to gather baseline information on the physical characteristics of major and minor tributaries of the Pasig River. The gathered information will be used to properly manage the river and correctly steer its rehabilitation.
  • 10. BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | PRRC “To transform Pasig River and its environs into a showcase of a new quality of urban life.” http://www.prrc.gov.ph/
  • 11. BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | PRRC Restore the Pasig River to its historically pristine condition by applying bio-eco engineering and attain a sustainable socio-economic development. Relocation of formal and informal settlers. Regulate the 3-m easement.
  • 12. BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | UP TCAGP http://dge.upd.edu.ph/dge/about/about-tcagp/
  • 13. BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | UP TCAGP Research and extension arm of UP DGE. Large-Scale Projects:  DREAM (DOST NOAH)  PRTSAS  PRS 92 R&D and Implementation Support
  • 14. BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | COMP. PRTSAS has 5 major components:  Parcel/As-Built Survey  Hydrographic Component  Water Quality/Environmental Impact  Easement and Adjoining Lots Valuation  Web GIS
  • 15. BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | COVERAGE
  • 16. BACKGROUND | PRTSAS | COVERAGE
  • 17. VALUATION | DUTIES  To perform individual valuation work of the PRRC proposed relocation sites.  To perform a rapid appraisal of the 3-meter easements and adjoining lots for all tributary locations.  To develop and perform an automated GIS-assisted valuation of the lots adjoining all tributaries.
  • 19. VALUATION | OVERVIEW Develop a GIS-assisted valuation model and perform automated valuation of lots adjoining the tributaries.
  • 20. VALUATION | EASEMENT CONDITION Fully-Developed Partially-Developed Undeveloped/ Depreciated
  • 21. VALUATION | MARKET VALUE  determined by the highest price a property can command if put up for sale in an open market  determinations are made from market evidence or transactions and found on published market listings or information from market participants.
  • 22. VALUATION | MARKET VALUE  The ultimate question is: how do you value a land?  And how do you value lands with huge coverage rapidly? http://blog.melvinpereira.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/man-thinking.jpg http://e.peruthisweek.e3.pe//ima/0/0/0/1/5/15908/624x468.png
  • 23. GENERAL PROCESS FLOW AHP Model Formulation Geospatial Data Buildup Market Value Geoprocessing ArcPy http://ithelp.port.ac.uk/images/SPSS-logo-32F23C8B51-seeklogo.png http://www.lic.wisc.edu/training/Images/arcgis.gif http://www.logilab.org/ Market Value Map
  • 24. AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process is a decision-making method based on mathematics and psychology developed by Prof. Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s. The input can be obtained from actual measurements such as price, weight, etc. and from subjective opinion such as satisfaction feelings and preferences. http://www.nae.edu/File.aspx?id=41107
  • 25. AHP  used in scientific and business contexts  useful in situation with scarce, but high-quality or highimportance data  80/20 Principle: essential information (80%) could be expressed by just a small but important set of data (20%)  unlike the case of face recognition problem which requires voluminous data to be stable http://www.nae.edu/File.aspx?id=41107
  • 26. AHP | CHOOSING A LEADER http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_Hierarchy_Process
  • 27. AHP | CHOOSING A LEADER BRAIN http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_Hierarchy_Process
  • 28. AHP | CHOOSING A PARTNER 1. Parameters II. Weights of Parameters
  • 29. AHP | MURPHY’S LAW OF LOVE BRAIN B· B· A = k BEAUTY AVAILABILITY
  • 30. AHP | I. PARAMETERS Intelligence Values Humor Beauty Wealth Religion Choosing a partner Health Interests Sports Zodiac Sign and so on
  • 31. AHP | I. PARAMETERS Use statistical software to evaluate if some factors could be eliminated, values to watch out: 1.) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Coefficient – tests whether the partial correlations among variables are small 2.) Barlett’s Test for Sphericity (BTS) – tests whether the correlation matrix is an identity matrix Choosing a partner
  • 32. AHP | I. PARAMETERS Why Dimensionality Reduction?  To simplify data structures  Conserve computing and/or storage resources Examples: Face Recognition, MP3 and JPEG file formats, Douglas-Peucker Algorithm
  • 33. AHP | I. PARAMETERS Dimensionality Reduction | EigenFaces  Principal vectors used in the problem of human face recognition http://cognitrn.psych.indiana.edu/nsfgrant/FaceMachine/faceMachine.html
  • 34. AHP | I. PARAMETERS Dimensionality Reduction/Factor Analysis  Is the strength of the relationships among variables large enough?  Is it a good idea to proceed a factor analysis for the data? Choosing a partner
  • 35. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS Possible major components after Factor Extraction 1. Humor 2. Beauty 3. Intelligence Choosing a partner
  • 36. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS Sample Preference Matrix (3 Parameters) Criteria More Important Intensity A 5 A Humor B Beauty Humor Intelligence A 7 Beauty Intelligence A 3 Choosing a partner
  • 37. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS Choosing a partner
  • 38. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS As you might observed, we need to reduce the number of parameters so that the respondents/evaluators will just have to evaluate the smallest preference matrix possible. Choosing a partner
  • 39. AHP | FINAL PARAMETERS’ WEIGTHS Apply the AHP algorithm to compute the relative weights, possible result: 0.60 Humor 0.25 Beauty 0.15 Intelligence Choosing a partner
  • 40. AHP | FINAL PARAMETERS’ WEIGTHS Optimum Partner (among alternatives/suitors) = 0.60 Humor + 0.25 Beauty + 0.15 Intelligence Choosing a partner
  • 41. AHP | VALUING A LAND 1. Parameters II. Weights of Parameters III. Weights of Sub-Categories http://i.domainstatic.com.au/b432bfa9-1e06-4d69-812e-ea14e22d0112/domain/20108120961pio04192711
  • 42. AHP | I. PARAMETERS Lot Shape Topography Easement Condition Neighborhood Classification Accessibility to Main Roads Corner Influence Land-Use Type Proximity to Commercial Area Proximity to Churches Proximity to Markets Proximity to School Proximity to LGUs Existing Improvements Public Utilities and so on Obtaining the optimal land value
  • 43. AHP | I. PARAMETERS
  • 44. AHP | I. PARAMETERS We used SPSS for computing the KMO and BTS Coefficients. 1.) KMO > 0.5 2.) BTS < 0.001 SPSS also provides validation values that could be used when we decide to automate the process in pure Python later. Choosing a partner
  • 45. AHP | I. PARAMETERS  Factor Analysis (18 raw & unordered variables)
  • 46. AHP | I. PARAMETERS  Extracted Factors Land-Use Accessibility Lot Size Lot Shape Neighborhood
  • 47. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS Sample Preference Matrix (4 Parameters) Criteria More Important Intensity A 3 A Cost B Safety Cost Cost Safety Safety Style Capacity Style Capacity A A A A 7 3 9 1 Style Capacity B 7 Choosing a car: 4 Params, 6 Comparisons
  • 48. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS Actual Data Obtaining the Optimal Value : 5 Params, 10 Comparisons
  • 49. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS The CSV File
  • 50. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS AHP Algorithms (Ishizaka & Lusti, 2006) 1. The Eigenvalue Approach (Power Method) 2. The Geometric Mean 3. The Mean of Normalized Values
  • 51. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS 3. The Mean of Normalized Values
  • 52. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
  • 53. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
  • 54. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS Effective AHP parameters Parameter Weight Land Use 0.372 Location/Accessibility 0.276 Lot Size 0.125 Lot Shape 0.111 Neighborhood Classification 0.116
  • 55. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS Some issues for the computation of our AHP parameters: 1.) Assumes all respondents have consistent preference matrices 2.) Uses the arithmetic mean for computing the effective parameter weights across all the respondents.
  • 56. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS consistency means that if A>B and B>C then A>C, where A, B, and C, refer to the criteria/parameters of the land value. It also means that if A > 2*B and B > 3*C then A > 6*C, as the number of criteria increases, it's more difficult to be consistent
  • 57. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS We have implemented the proposed Saaty's Consistency Measure of the preference matrix of the respondents but we have found it to be too limiting.
  • 58. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS Pelaez and Lamata (2002) proposed a new way of computing the Consistency Index and that is by using the concept of determinants. We implemented their paper using Python and NumPy and we obtained a better filtering for the consistent survey answers.
  • 59. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
  • 60. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
  • 61. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS However, [Aragon, et al (2012)], shown that it is better to use the geometric mean than the arithmetic mean of the AHP parameters' weights. We re-implemented the effective parameters' weights using the geometric mean of all weights across all respondents.
  • 62. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
  • 63. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS
  • 64. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS There are two approaches [Aragon, et al (2012)] for solving the effective parameters: (1) EIW: Effective Individual Weights computes the individual parameters' weights and get their geometric mean (2) WEPM: Weights of the Effective Preference Matrix get the geometric mean of all the preference matrices and compute the parameters' weights.
  • 65. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS We implemented both approaches in combination with the 3 AHP algorithms for comparison and validation.
  • 66. AHP | II. WEIGHTS OF PARAMETERS Finally, we will use the following result (using the Weights of the Effective Preference Matrix of the Mean of Normalized Values AHP Algorithm)
  • 67. AHP | III. SUBCATEGORY WEIGHTS AHP allows hierarchies/subcategories Phase III for gathering the sub-categorical weights or adjustment factors
  • 68. AHP | III. SUBCATEGORY WEIGHTS
  • 69. AHP | III. SUBCATEGORY WEIGHTS Geometric Mean of all survey data
  • 70. AHP | FINAL PARAMS AND WEIGHTS (Context is Per Estero) Computed Unit Market Value = Average Market Value * ( Land-Use * (Commercial|Industrial|Residential…) + Accessibility *(Proximity to POIs and Access to Roads) + Lot Area * (Preferred|Not-Preferred) + Lot Shape * (Quadrilateral|NonQuadrilateral) + Neighborhood Classification * (Formal|Informal) )
  • 71. AHP | FINAL PARAMS AND WEIGHTS (Context is Per Estero) Computed Unit Market Value = Average Market Value * ( 0.4287 * (1.5148l|1.1308|1.1288|1.0080|1.0000) + 0.2809 *(0..1) + 0.1119 * (1.5599|0.3338) + 0.0988 * (1.3831|0.5997) + 0.0797 * (1.4082|0.5696) )
  • 89. AHP | MARKET VALUE MAP
  • 90. AHP | MARKET VALUE MAP
  • 91. AHP | MARKET VALUE MAP
  • 92. RECOMMENDATIONS Pure Python Pipeline: SPSS <= RPy2 or Pandas (Python Data Analysis Library) ArcGIS (ArcPy) <= QGIS (PyQGIS)
  • 93. GENERAL PROCESS FLOW AHP Model Formulation Geospatial Data Buildup Market Value Geoprocessing ArcPy http://ithelp.port.ac.uk/images/SPSS-logo-32F23C8B51-seeklogo.png http://www.lic.wisc.edu/training/Images/arcgis.gif http://www.logilab.org/ Market Value Map
  • 94. RECOMMENDATIONS AHP Model Formulation Geospatial Data Buildup Market Value Geoprocessing PyQGIS http://pandas.pydata.org/ http://rpy.sourceforge.net/rpy2/doc-dev/html/index.html http://trac.osgeo.org/qgis/chrome/site/qgis-icon.png Market Value Map
  • 96. RECOMMENDATIONS | MASHUP This comprehensive article demonstrates the tight integration of Python’s data analysis and geospatial libraries:          IPython Pandas Numpy Matplotlib Basemap Shapely Fiona Descartes PySAL
  • 97. MICHAEL STANIER There are two types of expertise. One is the type you already know – content expertise, immersing yourself deeper and deeper in a subject, practicing for 10,000 hours and all of that. But I think there’s a connection expertise too. That comes from going horizontal rather than vertical. It’s about knowing a little about a lot, and finding wisdom in how things connect in new and different ways. http://www.speakers.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Michael-Bungay-Stanier_Feb2-760x427.jpg
  • 98. END NOTE Python could be a valuable tool for expanding your knowledge vertically, as well as horizontally. And, it’s a must have tool for connectionist experts.
  • 100. REFERENCES Aragon,T., et al (2012). Deriving Criteria Weights for Health Decision Making: A Brief Tutorial, http://www.academia.edu. Forman, E. & Selly, M. (2001). Decision By Objectives: How to Convince Others That You Are Right. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. Singapore. Griffiths, D. (2009). Head First Statistics. O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. USA. Ishizaka, A. & Lusti, M. (2006). How to Derive Priorities in AHP: A Comparative Study. Central European Journal of Operations Research,Vol. 14-4, pp. 387-400. Lamata, M. & Pelaez, J. (2002). A Method for Improving the Consistency of Judgements. International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness, and Knowledge-Based Systems. Vol. 10, No.6, pp. 677-686. World Scientific Publishing Company. Pelaez, J. & Lamata, M. (2002). A New Measure of Consistency for Positive Reciprocal Matrices. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 46 (8), pp. 1839-1849. Pornasdoro, K. & Redo, R. S. (2011). GIS-Assisted Valuation Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Goal Programming: Case Study of the UP Diliman Informal Settlement Areas (Undergraduate Thesis). Uysal, M. P. (2010). Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach to Decisions on Instructional Software. 4th International Computer & Instructional Technologies Symposium, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey, pp. 1035-1040.