1. JIET School of Engineering & Technology
for Girls
A
PRESENTATION
ON
THERMAL POWER PLANT
SUBMITTED BY:-
RAMA CHARAN

2. INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY
RAJ WEST POWER PLANT, BARMER
Subsidiary of JSWEL is putting up a 1080MW lignite based coal pit
head CFBC technology.
The required raw material (coal) will be made available from the
nearby Jalipa and Kapurdi mines.
For the purpose of mining, a joint venture company (BLMCL) has
been set up between Rajasthan State Minerals & Mining Ltd. and Raj
West Power Limited.
This is the first and largest public Private partnership in the state of
Rajasthan.

3. THERMAL POWER PLANT

4. General Layout of Thermal Power
Station

5.  In India 65% of total power is generated by the Thermal
Power Stations .
 Thermal power plant basically works on Rankine cycle.
RANKINE CYCLE:-
In thermal power station, water is heated, turns into steam and
spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator.
After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a
condenser & recycled to where it was heated; this is known as
Rankine cycle

6.  Coal handling plant
 Coal conveyor
 pulverizer
 Boiler
 Super-heater and re-heaters
 Economizer
 Steam turbine generator
 Condensers
 Ash handling plant
 Generator
 Cooling tower
 Switch yard & Control room

7. Raw coal from To R.W.P.L. from Wagon
Jalipa & Kapurdi mine via railway tipplers
track
bunkers Crusher
Coal hopper
house
Raw coal Coal mills
feeders (pulverization)
Boiler furnace ( tangential
firing of pulverized coal)

8. TRANSPORT OF COAL FUEL TO SITE
 Thermal station use coal as
the main fuel.
 Raw coal is transported
from coal mines ( Jalipa &
kapurdi mines) to a power
station site by trucks, Bulk
cargo ships or railway cars.
 Generally, when shipped by
railways, the coal cars are
sent as a full train of cars.

9. COAL PROCESSING
 Coal is prepared for use by crushing the rough
coal to pieces less than 2 inch (5cm.) in size.
 Coal mills grind the larger of 2inch pieces to
face powder and mix them with primary
combustion air which transports the coal to the
furnace and preheats the coal to drive off excess
moisture content.

10. COAL STORAGE
 LIVE STORAGE:-
Coal is stored temporarily and may be withdrawn to supply
combustion equipment with little amount.
This storage consists of about 24 to 30 hrs. of coal requirements of the
plant and is usually a covered storage in the plant near the boiler
furnace.
 DEAD STORAGE:-
Coal is stored for future use, and it is for longer period of time, about
40 days.

11. COAL CONYEYOR
 Coal conveyor is a belt type arrangement, that are used to move coal
efficiently.
 Coal arriving by train can be stocked for later use or taken straight
to the coal bunkers.
 Control room with remote control system helps to ensure that
conveyors take the coal to the right bunkers.
Specification:
Belt width 1400mm
Speed 2.2m/sec
Total install power 360kw
Capacity 1350 Tones/hr
No. of conveyor 38

13. PULVERIZER
 Each unit has six pulverizing fuel
mills, each capable of pulverizing
40 tones of coal per hour
 Inside the mills, ten giant hollow
steel rollers crush the coal into a
fine powder
 Crushing the coal into a fine
powder makes easier to burn it
more completely
 By pulverizing the coal combustion
efficiency of coal increases.

14. BOILER
 A boiler or steam generator
is a closed vessel in which
water is converted into steam,
under pressure
 It is the major components of
a thermal power plant.
 Always designed to absorb
maximum amount of heat
released in the process of
combustion.
 Boilers are of two types-


15. SUPERHEATER
 The steam produced in the boiler,
goes to the steam drum and is then
piped to super-heaters where it is
heated above saturation
temperature.
 At this point steam is now turned
into a very powerful source of
energy.
 This rotates the turbine to which
generator is on the other end.
 From rotating generator electricity

16. ECONOMISER
 Economizer is device which
recover the heat from the flue
gases on their way to chimney.
 Flue gases coming out of the
boiler carry lot of heat.
 An economizer extracts a part
of this heat from flue gases and
uses it for heating feed water.
 This use of economizer results
in saving coal consumption and
higher boiler efficiency

17. ECONOMISER

18. REHEATERS
 Reheater is also a steam boiler in which heat is added to this
high-pressure steam, which has given up some of its energy in
expansion through the intermediate-pressure turbine.
 The steam after reheating is used to rotate the second steam
turbine where the heat is converted to mechanical energy.
 This mechanical energy is used to run the generator, which is
coupled to turbine , there by generating electrical energy.

19. STEAM DRUM

20. STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR
 The turbine generator consists of a series of steam turbines
interconnected to each other and a generator on a common shaft.
 There is a high pressure turbine at one end, followed by an
intermediate pressure turbine, a low pressure turbines, and the
generator.
 As steam moves through the system, it loses pressure and
thermal energy and expands in volume, requiring increasing
diameter and longer blades at each succeeding stage to extract
the remaining energy.
 The entire rotating mass may be over 200 metric tons and 100
feet (30 m) long.

21. TURBINE

22. CONDENSER
Steam after rotating steam turbine comes to the condenser.
 The purpose of condensor is to condense the outlet steam from steam
turbine to get the condensed steam in the form of pure water.
This water is then Pumped back to the boiler.

23. DEAERATOR
A steam generating boiler requires that the boiler feed water should be
devoid of air and other dissolved gases, particularly corrosive ones.
 In order to avoid corrosion of the metal, power station uses
a Deaerator, for the removal of air and other dissolved gases from the boiler
feed water.
A deaerator has a vertical, domed deaeration section mounted on top of a
horizontal cylindrical vessel which serves as a deaerated boiler feed water
storage tank.

24. GENERATOR
 An electrical generator is a machine
which converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy through electro
mechanical energy conversion.
 The generator is driven by directly
coupled steam turbine at a speed of
3000 rpm.
 The electricity then goes to a
“transformer” where the voltage is
increased to 4,00,000 volts before
sending it to the “Grid” for distribution
via cables.
Mechanical Electrical
energy Energy

25. ASH HANDLING PLANT
 The percentage of ash in coal is 5% in good quality coal & about 40%
in poor quality coal.
 Power plants generally use poor quality of coal , thus amount of ash
produced by it is quite large.
A modern 1000MW plant produces about 4800 tons of ash daily.
 The stations use some conveyor arrangement to carry ash to dump
sites.

26. COOLING TOWER
 The condensate (water) formed
in the condenser after
condensation is initially at high
temperature. This hot water is
passed to cooling towers.
 It is a tower- or building-like
structure in which atmospheric
air circulates in direct or indirect
contact with warmer water and
the water is thereby cooled.

27. SWITCH YARD
 Placed where switching operation of power distribution is performed.
 Air insulated switch yard of 220KV-400KV are used.
 Main Components of Switch Yard:
 Circuit breaker
 Isolator
 Lightening arrester
 Bus bar
 Current Transformer
 Potential Transformer

28. SWITCH YARD

29. CIRCUIT BREAKER
 These are used for automatic switching during normal or abnormal
conditions .
Specification:
Manufacturer ABB Limited
Type of Circuit Breaker SF6
Rated Voltage 245 KV
Rated Current
Under Site Condition of 40 0C 4000 A
Under Site Condition of 50 0C 2000 A
Rated Frequency 50 Hz

30. ISOLATOR
 These are used to disconnect transmission line under no-load
condition for safety, isolation and maintenance.
Specification:
Rated current for site conditions 2000 A
Rated Voltage 245 KV
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Operating time of Isolator Less than 12 sec.

31. LIGHTENING ARRESTOR
 These are used to discharge lightning over voltages and
switching over voltages to earth.
Specification:
Manufacturer Crompton Greaves Ltd, Nasik
Model No. ZLA X 25 C
Ref. Standard IEC 99 – 4. 1991
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Max. Leakage Current 5 mA

32. BUS BAR
 The conductors to which several incoming and
outgoing lines are connected.
 They are made up of Cu & Al,
 The incoming and outgoing cables are provided
for metering purpose.

33. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 These are used to step-down currents for measurement, control &
protection.
 Current transformers are used extensively for measuring current
and monitoring the operation of the power grid.

34. VOLTAGE TRANFORMER
 VT measure voltage and this parameter used for protection of system.
 For high voltage CVT (capacitive voltage transformer) is used instead
of VT and capacitors play divider role.
 We can also use these capacitors for PLC system.

35. CONCLUSION