Viral Genetics

VIRAL GENETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

VIRAL GENETICS “ DNA chromosomes of eukaryotic host organisms generally require geologic time spans to evolve to the degree that their RNA viruses can achieve in a single human generation.” www.freelivedoctor.com

VIRAL GENETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

NATURE OF GENOMES ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

GENETIC CHANGE ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

ORIGIN OF MUTATIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Tautomeric forms of bases most of time rarely www.freelivedoctor.com

ORIGIN OF MUTATIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

TYPES OF MUTATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

PHENOTYPES ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

PHENOTYPIC CHANGES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

PHENOTYPIC CHANGES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

PHENOTYPIC CHANGES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

RECOMBINATION ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

RECOMBINATION ,[object Object],common in DNA viruses www.freelivedoctor.com

COPY CHOICE RECOMBINATION +ve strand 2 +ve strand 1 www.freelivedoctor.com template switch

COPY CHOICE RECOMBINATION +ve strand 2 +ve strand 1 www.freelivedoctor.com -ve strand recombinant -ve strand recombinant +ve strand continues copying

COPY CHOICE RECOMBINATION + strand - strand + strand www.freelivedoctor.com - strand

COPY CHOICE RECOMBINATION + strand + strand www.freelivedoctor.com

Other methods recombination ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

RECOMBINATION - SOME USES ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

RECOMBINATION - SOME USES marker rescue TK mutant HSV TK - mt www.freelivedoctor.com TK - wt TK wt HSV TK - wt

RECOMBINATION - SOME USES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

RECOMBINATION - SOME USES vaccinia virus vaccinia virus for use as rabies vaccine TK rabies G rabies G T K www.freelivedoctor.com

raccoon eating bait with rabies vaccine in it www.freelivedoctor.com

REASSORTMENT www.freelivedoctor.com

REASSORTMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],adapted fromTreanor JJ Infect. Med. 15:714 INFLUENZA VIRUS www.freelivedoctor.com

NON-SEGMENTED NEGATIVE STRAND RNA VIRUSES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

other aspects of viral genetics www.freelivedoctor.com

COMPLEMENTATION ,[object Object],mutants which can complement are generally in different genes Progeny virus assembled using wt N and wt M proteins Genomes in progeny are either ts M or ts N www.freelivedoctor.com ts N wt M ts M wt N ts mutant 1 ts mutant 2

DEFECTIVE VIRUSES ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com package me! copy me! package me! copy me! genome

DEFECTIVE VIRUSES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

DEFECTIVE INTERFERING (DI) VIRUSES (PARTICLES) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

PHENOTYPIC MIXING no changes in genome possibly altered host range possibly resistant to antibody neutralization www.freelivedoctor.com

PHENOTYPIC MIXING PSEUDOTYPE www.freelivedoctor.com

Viral Genetics

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Viral Genetics