Organisation Of Peripheral Nervous System

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM www.freelivedoctor.com

ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFFERENT NERVES EFFERENT NERVES EXTERO- RECEPTORS INTERO- RECEPTORS SOMATIC AUTONOMIC EFFECTOR ORGANS SKELETAL MUSCLES SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLES AND GLANDS www.freelivedoctor.com

NEOCORTEX THALAMUS LIMBIC CORTEX BRAIN STEM SPINAL CORD NOSE EYE TONGUE EAR SKIN SMELL VISION TASTE AUDITION SOMATIC SENSORY INFORMATION TRAVELS TO THE BRAIN VIA SPECIALIZED PATHWAYS www.freelivedoctor.com

SENSORY MODALITIES AND RECEPTOR CELLS www.freelivedoctor.com

GRADED VS ALL OR NONE ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

SENSORY TRANSDUCTION ADEQUATE STIMULUS MEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE CHANGE GENERATOR POTENTIAL ACTION POTENTIAL www.freelivedoctor.com

LOCALIZATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND ACUITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

SLOW PAIN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND THERMAL PAIN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

BRAIN STRUCTURES AND PAIN ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

PAIN CONTROL (ANALGESIA) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

THE ANALGESIA SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

PAIN INHIBITORY COMPLEX: PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION PAIN RECEPTOR BRAIN STEM.NEURON INHIBITORY NEURON ANTEROLATERAL PATHWAY DORSAL HORN OF SPINAL CORD + - www.freelivedoctor.com

PAIN TRANSMISSION AND INHIBITION ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

THE BRAIN’S OPIATE SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

INHIBITION OF PAIN BY TACTILE STIMULATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

TREATMENT OF PAIN BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

REFERED PAIN ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

THE VISUAL SYSTEM D. C. MIKULECKY PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY AND FACULTY MENTORING PROGRAM www.freelivedoctor.com

THE VISUAL SYSTEM SENSES ELEECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

ANATOMICAL ORGANIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

TEAR DUCT AND DRAINAGE CANAL PUPIL IRIS SCLERA www.freelivedoctor.com

STRUCTURE OF THE EYE www.freelivedoctor.com OPTIC DISC OPTIC NERVE BLOOD VESSELS FOVEA SCLERA RETINA CHOROID VITREOUS HUMOR AQUEOUS HUMOR CORNEA LENS PUPIL IRIS CONJUNCTIVA CILIARY BODY SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT EXTERNAL EYE MUSCLE

THE PHOTORECEPTORS ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

BEFORE A PHOTON ARRIVES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AFTER A PHOTON ARRIVES MEMBRANE POLARIZED NORMALLY www.freelivedoctor.com

PATHWAYS FOR VISUAL INFORMATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

VISUAL ORIENTATION COLUMNS ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

COLOR VISION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

THREE KINDS OF CONES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

COLOR NEURONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

LENS DEFECTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

NEARSIGHTEDNESS (MYOPIA) UNCORRECTED CORRECTED www.freelivedoctor.com

FARSIGHTEDNESS (HYPEROPIA) UNCORRECTED CORRECTED www.freelivedoctor.com

VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

THE AUDITORY SYSTEM AND THE CHEMICAL SENSES D. C. MIKULECKY PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY AND FACULTY MENTORING PROGRAM www.freelivedoctor.com

THE NATURE OF SOUND ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRESSURE WAVE A T = WAVELENGTH A = AMPLITUDE f = 1/T FREQUENCY www.freelivedoctor.com

ANATOMY OF THE EAR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

OUTER EAR ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

OUTER EAR PINNA CANAL www.freelivedoctor.com

MIDDLE EAR ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

MIDDLE EAR TYMPANIC MEMBRANE OVAL WINDOW BONES OF MIDDLE EAR COCHLEAR FLUID SOUND WAVE IN EAR CANAL www.freelivedoctor.com

INNER EAR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

INNER EAR OVAL WINDOW COCHLEA www.freelivedoctor.com

STRUCTURE OF THE COCHLEA SCALA VESTIBULI COCHLEAR DUCT SCALA TYPANI OVAL WINDOW ROUND WINDOW www.freelivedoctor.com

STRUCTURE OF COCHLEAR DUCT BASILAR MEMBRANE TECTORIAL MEMBRANE ORGAN OF CORTI www.freelivedoctor.com

TRANSDUCTION MECHANISM BASILAR MEMBRANE…..VIBRATES TECTORIAL MEMBRANE STATIONARY STEROCILIA AUDITORY NERVE HAIR CELLS www.freelivedoctor.com

TRANSDUCTION MECHANISM TECTORIAL MEMBRANE STATIONARY BASILAR MEMBRANE…..VIBRATES STEROCILIA BEND AUDITORY NERVE HAIR CELLS www.freelivedoctor.com

FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION: LOCALIZATION OF DISPLACEMENT OF BASILAR MEMBRANE BASE APEX HIGH LOW MID www.freelivedoctor.com

AUDITORY PATHWAYS COCHLEA VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS MIDLINE VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS SUPERIOR OLIVE INFERIOR COLLICULUS www.freelivedoctor.com

AUDITORY PATHWAYS (CONT.) MIDLINE SUPERIOR OLIVE INFERIOR COLLICULUS INFERIOR COLLICULUS MEDIAL GENICULATE MEDIAL GENICULATE TEMPORAL CORTEX TEMPORAL CORTEX www.freelivedoctor.com

PROPERTIES OF AUDITORY NERVE CELLS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

SOUND LOCALIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

DISORDERS OF AUDITION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS: UTRICLE & SACCULUS ONE CANAL IN EACH COORDINATE PLANE AMPULLA UTRICLE & SACCULUS www.freelivedoctor.com

THE UTRICLE & SACCULUS HAIR CELLS NERVE CELLS OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE- GELATINOUS LAYER OTOCONIA (CALCIUM CARBONATE CRYSTALS) www.freelivedoctor.com

THE UTRICLE & SACCULUS HAIR CELLS NERVE CELLS OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE- GELATINOUS LAYER OTOCONIA (CALCIUM CARBONATE CRYSTALS) HEAD MOVEMENT www.freelivedoctor.com

THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS: SEMICIRCULAR CANALS ONE CANAL IN EACH COORDINATE PLANE AMPULLA UTRICLE & SACCULUS www.freelivedoctor.com

THE AMPULLA HAIR CELLS NERVE CELLS www.freelivedoctor.com

THE AMPULLA HAIR CELLS BENT NERVE CELLS FIRE INERTIAL FLUID MOVEMENT MOVEMENT OF HEAD www.freelivedoctor.com

TASTE SENSATION ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

GUSTATORY RECEPTORS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

GUSTATORY PATHWAYS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

THE OLIFACTORY SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

TWO NEURON CHAINS SPINE EFFECTOR ORGAN PRESYNAPTIC NEURON POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON www.freelivedoctor.com

SYMPATHETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

PARASYMPATHETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

EFFECTS OF ANS www.freelivedoctor.com

Organisation Of Peripheral Nervous System

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Organisation Of Peripheral Nervous System